Given that, by the mid-twelfth century, appeals were coming to the pope from all over the world, as Bernard of Clairvaux reminded his pupil, it is not possible in a short paper to deal with every aspect of the relationship between the papacy and the Iberian peninsula during Eugenius III's pontificate. I have therefore decided to concentrate on the influence of Eugenius in the military campaigns of the Christians against Muslims; decisions made by the pope concerning the primacy of Toledo; disputes between Roda and Huesca over various churches (which represent the increasing number of boundary disputes coming to the Curia); and the pope's responsibilities for the care of episcopal sees and the protection of ecclesiastical institutions. Eugenius's pontificate saw major developments in the political and ecclesiastical history of the Iberian peninsula and the pope played a significant part in these developments. In all probability, the matter which interests historians most, the Christian–Muslim conflict in Spain, was of less interest to Eugenius, though it was here that he had most obvious success, while in the area to which he gave most attention, the settling of complicated ecclesiastical disputes, his decisions, perhaps unsurprisingly, often failed to put an end to arguments.