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3 - The Theory of Scientific Historiography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Aviezer Tucker
Affiliation:
Long Island University, New York
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Summary

Historiographic propositions about the past come in all shapes and sizes, factual and explanatory, more abstract and general or more local and concrete, narrative-like, part of a story, or in plotless summaries of statistical data and relationships. Historiography can be written in prose or as a poem. As Aristotle (1996, p. 52b) argued in the Poetics, the style of historiography does not matter since it would be possible to turn the works of Herodotus into verse and their epistemic status would not change. Historiography is about what happened, whereas poetry is about what would have happened, requiring imagination. Leon Goldstein (1976, pp. 36–8) concluded that good historiography is distinguished from bad according to its relation with the evidence. The significant criteria are epistemic; the forms of the statements, their complexity or generality are epistemically insignificant. The form or style of historiography do not affect its relation with the evidence, its epistemic status. Narratives are not necessarily fictional. There are scientific stories about the evolution of life, the creation of the universe in the Big Bang, Luci the mother of mankind, etc. There are even logical and mathematical narratives, in which Lewis Carroll excelled. Narratives, like scientific theories or legal verdicts, can be determined, indetermined, and underdetermined. Determination is achieved on epistemic rather than stylistic grounds (Laudan, 1992, p. 64).

Type
Chapter
Information
Our Knowledge of the Past
A Philosophy of Historiography
, pp. 92 - 140
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

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