References

John E. Jackson; Jacek Klich; Krystyna Poznanska

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511510182.011

Achen, Christopher H., and Shively, W. Phillips. 1995. Cross-Level Inference. Chicago: University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar

Aghion, Philippe, and Blanchard, Olivier-Jean. 1994. “On the Speed of Transition in Central and Eastern Europe.” NBER Macroeconomics Annual 9:283–320CrossRef Google Scholar

Aitken, Brian J., and Harrison, Anne. 1999. “Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Direct Foreign Investment: Evidence from Venuzuela.” American Economic Review 89(3):605–14CrossRef Google Scholar

Aldrich, John H., Sullivan, John L., and Borgida, Eugene. 1989. “Foreign Affairs and Issue Voting: Do Presidential Candidates ‘Waltz before a Blind Audience’?” American Political Science Review 83(1):123–42CrossRef Google Scholar

Alexeev, Michael. 1999. “The Effect of Privatization on Wealth Distribution in Russia.” Economics of Transition 7(2):449–65CrossRef Google Scholar

Amburgey, Terry, and Hayagreeva, Rao. 1996. “Organizational Ecology: Past, Present and Future Directions.” Academy of Management Journal 39(5):1265–86Google Scholar

Arthur, W. Brian. 1990. “‘Silicon Valley’ Locational Clusters: When Do Increasing Returns Imply Monopoly?” Mathematical Social Sciences 19:235–51CrossRef Google Scholar

Arthur, W. Brian, Ermoliev, Y. M., and Kaniovski, Y. M.. 1987. “Path-Dependent Processes and the Emergence of Macro-Structure.” European Journal of Operational Research 30:294–303CrossRef Google Scholar

Audretsch, David B. 1995. “Innovation, Growth and Survival.” International Journal of Industrial Organization 13:441–57CrossRef Google Scholar

Balcerowicz, Leszek, Barbara Błaszczyk, and Marek Dąbrowski. 1997. “The Polish Way to the Market Economy, 1989–1995.” In Woo, Wing Thye, Parker, Stephen, and Sachs, Jeffrey D. (eds.), Economies in Transition: Comparing Asia and Eastern Europe, pp. 131–60. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Benoit, Kenneth. 2000. “Which Electoral Formula Is the Most Proportional? A New Look with New Evidence.” Political Analysis 8:381–88CrossRef Google Scholar

Berkowitz, Daniel, and David N. DeJong. 2001. “Entrepreneurship and Post-Socialist Growth.” William Davidson Institute Discussion Paper, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Birch, David L. 1981. “Who Creates Jobs?” Public Interest 65 (fall):3–14Google Scholar

Bonaccorsi di Patti, Emilia, and Dell'Ariccia, Giovanni. 2004. “Bank Competition and Firm Creation.” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 36(2):225–51CrossRef Google Scholar

Brainerd, Elizabeth. 2001. “Unraveling the New Russian Enigma: A Study of Age and Cause Specific Mortality across Russia's Regions, 1989–1999.” Paper presented at the WDI/CEPR annual conference on Transitional Economies, Portoroz, Slovenia, June 23–26

Bruce, Donald, and Mohammed Mohsin. 2003. “Tax Policy and Entrepreneurship: New Time Series Evidence.” Department of Economics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Brunetti, A., G. Kisunko, and B. Weder. 1997. “Institutions in Transition: Reliability of Rules and Economic Performance in the Former Socialist Countries.” World Bank Working Paper. Washington, DC

Buchtíková, Alena. 1995. Privatization in the Czech Republic. Center for Social and Economic Research, Studies and Analyses no. 53. Warsaw

Caballero, Ricardo J., and Hammour, Mohamad L.. 1994. “The Cleansing Effect of Recessions.” American Economic Review 84:1350–68Google Scholar

Caballero, Ricardo J., and Mohamad L. Hammour. 2000. “Creative Destruction in Development: Institutions, Crises, and Restructuring.” Paper prepared for the World Bank annual bank conference on Development Economics, Washington, DC, April 18–20

Carey, David, and Harry Tchilinguirian. 2000. “Average Effective Tax Rates on Capital, Labor and Consumption.” Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Economics Dept., Working Paper 258. Paris

Carroll, G. R. 1988. Ecological Models of Organizations. Cambridge, MA: BallingerGoogle Scholar

Castanheira, M., and Roland, Gérard. 2000. “The Optimal Speed of Transition: A General Equilibrium Analysis.” International Economic Review 41(1):219–39CrossRef Google Scholar

Caves, Richard E. 1998. “Industrial Organization and New Findings on the Turnover and Mobility of Firms.” Journal of Economic Literature 36(4):1947–82Google Scholar

Central European Economic Review. 1998. “Welcome to the World.” 5(10):15–21

Chan, Kenneth Ka-Lok. 1995. “Poland at the Crossroads: The 1993 General Election.” Europe-Asia Studies 47:123–45CrossRef Google Scholar

Cichomski, Bogdan, and Morawski, Paweł. 1999. Polish General Social Surveys: Machine Readable Data File, 1992–7. Warsaw: Institute for Social Studies, University of WarsawGoogle Scholar

Cox, Gary. 1990. “Centripetal and Centrifugal Incentives in Electoral Systems.” American Journal of Political Science 34:905–35CrossRef Google Scholar

Davis, Steven J., Haltiwanger, John C., and Schuh, Scott. 1996. Job Creation and Destruction. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressGoogle Scholar

Dewatripont, M., and Roland, Gérard. 1992. “Economic Reform and Dynamic Political Constraints.” Review of Economic Studies 59(4):703–30CrossRef Google Scholar

Diewald, Martin, and Bogdan W. Mach. 1999. “Market Transition, Institutions, and the Restructuring of Earnings: East Germany and Poland during the First Five Years of the Transformation Process.” Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Berlin

Dzierżanowski, Włodzimierz (ed.). 1999. Report on the Condition of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector in Poland for the Years 1997–1998. Warsaw: Polish Foundation for Small and Medium Enterprise Promotion and DevelopmentGoogle Scholar

Elster, Jon. 1993. “The Necessity and Impossibility of Simultaneous Economic and Political Reform.” In Greenberg, Douglas, Katz, Stanley N., Oliviero, Melanie Beth, and Wheatley, Steven C. (eds.), Constitutionalism and Democracy, pp. 267–74. New York: Oxford University Press

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ERBD). 1999. Transition Report, 1999. London

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ERBD). 2002. Transition Report, 2002. London

Fidrmuc, Jan. 1998. “Political Sustainability of Economic Reforms: Dynamics and Analysis of Regional Economic Factors.” Journal of Policy Reforms 3(2):139–56CrossRef Google Scholar

Fidrmuc, Jan. 2000a. “Political Support for Reforms: Economics of Voting in Transition Countries.” European Economic Review 44:1491–1513CrossRef Google Scholar

Fidrmuc, Jan. 2000b. “Economics of Voting in Post-Communist Countries.” Electoral Studies 19:197–217CrossRef Google Scholar

Fiorina, Morris. 1981. Retrospective Voting in American National Elections. New Haven: Yale University PressGoogle Scholar

Frydman, Roman, Cheryl Gray, Marek Hessel, and Andrzej Rapaczynski. 1997. “Private Ownership and Corporate Performance: Evidence from Transition Economies.” World Bank Working Paper 26. Washington, DC

Frydman, Roman, Andrzej Rapaczynski, and Joel Turkewitz. 1997. “Transition to a Private Property Regime in the Czech Republic and Hungary.” In Woo, Wing Thye, Parker, Stephen, and Sachs, Jeffrey D. (eds.), Economies in Transition: Comparing Asia and Eastern Europe, pp. 41–101. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Frye, Timothy. 2002. “Markets, Democracy and New Private Business in Russia.” Discussion paper, Department of Political Science, Ohio State University, Columbus

Frye, Timothy. 2003. “Ownership, Voting and Job Creation in Russia.” Paper presented at the joint Williiam Davidson Institue and the Center for European Integration conference on the Political Economy of Transition: Job Creation and Job Destruction, Bonn, Aug. 14–17

Frye, Timothy, and Schleifer, Andrzej. 1997. “The Invisible Hand and the Grabbing Hand: Private Shops in Moscow and Warsaw.” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 87(2):354–58Google Scholar

Frye, Timothy, and Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina. 2000. “Rackets, Regulation and the Rule of Law.” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 16(2):478–502CrossRef Google Scholar

Gentry, William M., and R. Glenn Hubbard. 2002. “Tax Policy and Entry into Entrepreneurship.” Graduate School of Business, Columbia University, New York

Geroski, P. A. 1991. Market Dynamics and Entry. Oxford: BlackwellGoogle Scholar

Greene, William H. 2000. Econometric Analysis. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-HallGoogle Scholar

Grzymała-Busse, Anna M. 2002. Redeeming the Communist Past. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressCrossRef Google Scholar

Hannan, M. T., and Freeman, J. H.. 1977. “The Population Ecology of Organizations.” American Journal of Sociology 82:929–64CrossRef Google Scholar

Hannan, M. T., and Freeman, J. H.. 1989. Organizational Ecology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressGoogle Scholar

Harper, Marcus A. G. 2000. “Economic Voting in Post-Communist Europe.” Comparative Political Studies 33(9):1191–1227CrossRef Google Scholar

Hellman, Joel S. 1998. “Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reforms in Postcommunist Transitions.” World Politics 50(2):203–34CrossRef Google Scholar

Hellman, Joel, S., Geraint Jones, and Daniel Kaufman. 2000. “Seize the State, Seize the Day.” Policy Research Working Paper 2444. World Bank, Washington, DC

House, James S., Umberson, Debra, and Landis, Karl R.. 1988. “Structures and Processes of Social Support.” Annual Review of Sociology 14:293–318CrossRef Google Scholar

Jackson, John E. 1998. “Firm Size and the Dynamics in a Market Economy.” Paper prepared for the White House Conference on Small Business, Washington, DC. Reprinted in D. Brophy (ed.), Public Policy and Entrepreneurial and Small Businesses (forthcoming)

Jackson, John E. 2002. “A Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model for Multiparty Election Data.” Political Analysis 10(1):49–65CrossRef Google Scholar

Jackson, John E. 2003. “A Computational Political Economy Model of Transition.” In Fidrmuc, Jan and Campos, Nauro (eds.), The Political Economy of Transition: Politics, Institutions and Policies, pp. 117–38. Boston and Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers

Jackson, John E., Klich, Jacek, and Poznańska, Krystyna. 1999. “Firm Creation and Economic Transitions.” Journal of Business Venturing 14(5–6):427–50CrossRef Google Scholar

Jackson, John E., Klich, Jacek, and Poznańska, Krystyna. 2003a. “Democratic Institutions and Economic Reform: The Polish Case.” British Journal of Political Science 33(1):85–108CrossRef Google Scholar

Jackson, John E., Klich, Jacek, and Poznańska, Krystyna. 2003b. “Economic Transition and Elections in Poland.” Economics of Transition 11(1):41–66CrossRef Google Scholar

Jackson, John, E., Jacek Klich, Krystyna Poznańska, and Jósef Chmiel. 1997. “Economic Change in Poland: 1990–94.” Research Bulletin, Polish Central Statistical Office and the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 6(1):7–20. Reprinted in Polish as “Przemiany Gospodarcze w Polsce: 1990–1994,” Studia i Prace, Zprac Zakladu Badan Statystyczno–Ekonomicznych, Polish Central Statistical Office; and “Rozowój Sektora Prywatnego w Polsce w Latach 1990–1994,” Gospodarka Norodowa 8(fall):75–82

Jackson, John E., and Bogdan W. Mach. 2002. “Job Creation, Destruction and Transition in Poland, 1988–1998: Panel Evidence.” Paper presented at the annual WDI/CEPR international conference on Transitional Economies, June 20–23, Riga, Latvia

Jackson, John E., and Aleksander S. Marcinkowski. 1996. “An Analysis of Entrepreneurial Attitudes in Poland” (in Polish). In Frysztackiego, Krzysztofa (ed.), Z Zagadnien Socjologii Stosowanej. Cracow: Universitas. Reprinted in English in Hauser, Ewa and Wasilewski, Jacek (eds.), Lessons in Democracy (Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, and Cracow: Jagiellonian University Press, 1999), pp. 171–200Google Scholar

Jackson, John E., and Thomas, Ann. 1995. “Bank Structure and New Business Creation: Lessons from an Earlier Time.” Regional Science and Urban Economics 25:323–53CrossRef Google Scholar

Johnson, Simon, and Loveman, Gary G.. 1995. Starting Over in Eastern Europe: Entrepreneurship and Economic Renewal. Boston: Harvard Business School PressGoogle Scholar

Johnson, Simon, McMillan, John, and Woodruff, Christopher. 2000. “Entrepreneurs and the Ordering of Institutional Reform.” Economics of Transition 8(1):1–36CrossRef Google Scholar

Jovanovic, B. 1982. “Selection and the Evolution of Industries.” Econometrica 50(3):649–70CrossRef Google Scholar

Jurjada, Štěpán, and Katherine Terrell. 2001. “What Drives the Speed of Job Reallocation during Episodes of Massive Adjustment?” William Davidson Institute Working Paper no. 432. Ann Arbor, MI

Karatnycky, Adrian, Motyl, Alexander, and Schnetzer, Amanda. 2001. Nations in Transit. New York: Freedom HouseGoogle Scholar

Katchanovski, I. 2000. Divergence in Growth in Post-Communist Countries. Journal of Public Policy 20(1):55–81CrossRef Google Scholar

Kaufman, Daniel, and Kraay, Aart. 2002. “Growth without Governance” Economia 3(1):169–229Google Scholar

King, Gary. 1990. “Electoral Responsiveness and Partisan Bias in Multiparty Democracies.” Legislative Studies Quarterly (2):159–81CrossRef Google Scholar

Kołodko, Grzegorz. 2000. From Shock to Therapy. Oxford: Oxford University PressCrossRef Google Scholar

Konieczny, Robert. 1996. “Mechanizmy, Ciekawostki i Felery: Ordynacje Wyborcze do Semju i Senatu” (Mechanisms, Curiosities and Failures: Voting Rules for Sejm and Senate). Rzeczpospolita, April 3, p. 5

Konings, Jozef, and Patrick Paul Walsh. 1999. “Employment Dynamics of Newly Established and Traditional Firms: A Comparison of Russia and the Ukraine.” LICOS Discussion Paper no. 81. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Kornai, János. 1990. The Road to a Free Economy. New York: W. W. NortonGoogle Scholar

Kornai, János. 1995. Highways and Byways: Studies on Reform and Post-Communist Transition. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressGoogle Scholar

Kornai, János. 2000. “Ten Years after ‘The Road to a Free Economy’: The Author's Self-Evaluation.” Paper prepared for the World Bank annual bank conference on Development Economics, Washington, DC, April 18–20

Krugman, P. 1991. Geography and Trade. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressGoogle Scholar

Kubisz, Michel. 1998. Report on the Condition of the Small and Medium-Size Enterprise Sector in Poland for the Years 1996–1997. Warsaw: Polish Foundation for Small and Medium Enterprise Promotion and DevelopmentGoogle Scholar

Kwast, Myron L., Starr-McCluer, Martha, and Wolken, John D.. 1997. “Market Definition and the Analysis of Antitrust in Banking.” Antitrust Bulletin 42:973–95CrossRef Google Scholar

Lewis-Beck, Michael. 1988. Economics and Elections. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan PressGoogle Scholar

Litwack, John M. 1991. “Legality and Market Reforms in Societ Type Economies.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 5(4):77–89CrossRef Google Scholar

Mach, Bogdan W., and John E. Jackson. 2003. “Job Creation/Job Destruction and Voting during Poland's Transiton: Longitudinal Evidence from 1988 to 1998.” Paper presented at the joint Williiam Davidson Institue and the Center for European Integration conference on the Political Economy of Transition: Job Creation and Job Destruction, Bonn, Aug. 14–17

Mendoza, Enrique G., Assaf Razin, and Linda L. Tesar. 1994. “Effective Tax Rates in Macroeconomics: Cross Country Estimates of Tax Rates on Factor Incomes and Consumption.” NBER Working Paper 4864. Boston

Merrill, Samuel III, and Adams, James. 2002. “Centrifugal Incentives in Multicandidate Elections.” Journal of Theoretical Politics 14(3):275–300CrossRef Google Scholar

Murrell, Peter. 1992. “Evolution in Economics and the Economic Reform of the Centrally Planned Economies.” In Clague, C. and Rausser, G. (eds.), The Emergence of Market Economies in Eastern Europe, pp. 35–53. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell

Nelson, Joan M. 1993. “The Politics of Economic Transformation: Is Third World Experience Relevant in Eastern Europe?” World Politics 45(3):431–63CrossRef Google Scholar

Neneman, Jarek, and Marcin Sowa. 2001. “Miękki Budżet.” Rzeczpospolita, Nov. 24

Nowak, Andrzej, Jakub Urbaniak, and Leszek Zienkowski. 1994. “Clustering Processes in Economic Transition.” Research Bulletin, Polish Central Statistical Office and the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 3(3):43–61

Pakes, Ariel, and Erikson, Richard. 1995. “Markov-Perfect Industry Dynamics: A Framework for Empirical Work.” Review of Economic Studies 10:53–82Google Scholar

Palacz, Daniel, Andrzej Wojtkowski, and Darius Woźnicki. 2001. “Korupcja i Mechanizmy jej Zwalczania.” Stephan Batory Foundation, Warsaw

Pissarides, Francesca, Singer, Miroslav, and Svejnar, Jan. 2003. “Objectives and Constraints on Entrepreneurs: Evidence from Small and Medium Enterprises in Russia and Bulgaria.” Journal of Comparative Economics 31:503–31CrossRef Google Scholar

Powers, Denise V., and Cox, James H.. 1997. “Echoes from the Past: The Relationship between Satisfaction with Economic Reforms and Voting Behavior in Poland.” American Political Science Review 91(3):617–33CrossRef Google Scholar

Przeworski, Adam. 2001. “Public Support for Economic Reforms in Poland.” In Stokes, Susan C. (ed.), Public Support for Market Reforms in New Democracies, pp. 103–27. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressCrossRef

Riker, William H., and Weimer, David L.. 1993. The Economic and Political Liberalization of Socialism: The Fundamental Problem of Property Rights. Social Philosophy and Policy 10(2):79–102CrossRef Google Scholar

Rodrik, Dani. 1995. “The Dynamics of Political Support for Reforms in Economies in Transition.” Journal of Japanese and International Economics 9(4):403–25CrossRef Google Scholar

Roland, Gérard. 1994. “On the Speed and Sequencing of Privatisation and Restructuring.” Economic Journal 104:1158–68CrossRef Google Scholar

Roland, Gérard. 2000. Politics, Markets, and Firms: Transition and Economics. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressGoogle Scholar

Sachs, Jeffrey. 1992. “Building a Market Economy in Poland.” Scientific American 265(3):34–40CrossRef Google Scholar

Sachs, Jeffrey, and Pistor, Katharina. 1997. The Rule of Law and Economic Reform in Russia. Boulder, CO: Westview PressGoogle Scholar

Schumpeter, Joseph. 1934. The Theory of Economic Development. 1911. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press Paperback, 1980Google Scholar

Singh, Jitendra. 1990. Organizational Evolution: New Directions. Newbury Park, CA: SageGoogle Scholar

Singh, Jitendra V., and Lumsden, Charles J.. 1990. “Theory and Research in Organizational Ecology.” Annual Review of Sociology 16:161–95CrossRef Google Scholar

Slay, Ben. 1994. The Polish Economy: Crisis, Reform and Transformation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University PressCrossRef Google Scholar

Stansfeld, Stephen A. 1999. “Social Support and Social Cohesion.” In Marmot, Michael and Wilkinson, Richard G. (eds.), Social Determinants of Health, pp. 155–78. Oxford: Oxford University PressCrossRef

Stokes, Susan C. 2001. “Introduction: Public Opinion of Market Reforms: A Framework.” In Stokes, Susan C. (ed.), Public Support for Market Reforms in New Democracies, pp. 1–32. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressCrossRef

Stone, Randall. 2002. Lending Credibility. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University PressCrossRef Google Scholar

Taagepera, Rein, and Shugart, Matthew S.. 1989. Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems. New Haven: Yale University PressGoogle Scholar

Tanzi, V. 1998. “The Corruption around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures.” International Monetary Fund Working Paper no. 63. Washington, DC

Tichit, Ariane. 2003. “The Optimal Speed of Transition Revisited.” Paper presented at the WDI-ZEI conference on the Political Economy of Transition: Job Creation and Job Destruction, Bonn, Aug. 15–17

Tworzecki, Hubert. 1996. Parties and Politics in Post-1989 Poland. Boulder, CO: Westview PressGoogle Scholar

Večerník, Jíří. 1999. “The Middle Class in the Czech Reforms: The Interplay between Policies and Social Stratification.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 32(4):397–416CrossRef Google Scholar

Weigel, George. 1992. The Final Revolution: The Resistance Church and the Collapse of Communism. Oxford: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Winiecki, Jan. 2000. “Crucial Relationship between the Privatized Sector and the Generic Private Sector in Post Communist Privatization: Determinants of Economic Performance.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 33(4):505–15CrossRef Google Scholar

World Bank. 1997. World Development Report, 1997. Washington, DC

Zimmerman, William. 2002. The Russian People and Foreign Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University PressGoogle Scholar