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2 - Historical context: the pre-MGS view of Mars' surface composition

from Part I - Introduction and historical perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2009

By
W. M. Calvin  and
J. F. Bell III
Edited by
Jim Bell
W. M. Calvin
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Science, MS 172, University of Nevada Reno, NV 89557-0138, USA
J. F. Bell III
Affiliation:
Cornell University, Department of Astronomy, 402 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA
Jim Bell
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
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Summary

ABSTRACT

This chapter summarizes the state of understanding of Mars surface composition in the decade before the arrival of Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Pathfinder (about 1987–1997), updating earlier historical reviews on this topic by Soderblom (1992) and Roush et al. (1993). Here we summarize analyses of telescopic and spacecraft spectroscopic data sets with reference to relevant terrestrial analog studies, laboratory measurements, and modeling work. The chapter is organized around a synthesis of surface mineralogy types that have been identified and searched for: unaltered mafic volcanic minerals; alteration products including oxidized iron, hydrated minerals, and phyllosilicates; the search for carbonates; early, if equivocal evidence of sulfates; and finally, polar deposits. We highlight the way that these precursor studies have influenced the design, selection, and implementation of the current generation of science investigations focused on unraveling the composition and mineralogy of the surface of Mars.

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Chapter
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The Martian Surface
Composition, Mineralogy and Physical Properties
 , pp. 20 - 30
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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