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22 - Experimental models for the study of CNS tumors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2009

By
Taichang Jang  and
Lawrence Recht
Edited by
Turgut Tatlisumak  and
Marc Fisher
Taichang Jang
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences Stanford University Medical Center Palo Alto, CA 93304 USA
Lawrence Recht
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences University of Stanford Medical School Palo Alto, CA 93304 USA
Turgut Tatlisumak
Affiliation:
Helsinki University Central Hospital
Marc Fisher
Affiliation:
University of Massachusetts Medical School
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Summary

Introduction

Despite several decades of intensive study, the treatment of brain tumors, whether they have arisen primarily within the central nervous system (CNS) or spread there from elsewhere, represents a formidable challenge for the clinician. Several reasons underlie the difficulties in brain tumor treatment including delivering enough therapy through a blood–brain barrier (BBB), circumventing the relative immunosuppression that occurs both as a result of the brain tumor and due to its development in a relatively immunologically protected area, and the need to preserve the normal surrounding CNS. Such obstacles underscore the importance of accurate preclinical models both to understand the processes by which tumors develop and are sustained as well as to test the effectiveness of various treatments.

While in vitro systems are frequently used to assess both biology and treatment of tumors, the importance of the tumor–normal tissue relationships can only be addressed with in vivo models. Several years ago, Peterson et al. proposed criteria by which to judge the validity of such a model, including: (1) the growth rate of the tumor and its malignancy characteristics should be predictable and reproducible; (2) the species used should be small and inexpensively maintained so that large numbers may be evaluated; (3) the time to tumor induction should be relatively short and the survival time after induction should be standardized; (4) the tumor should have the same characteristics as the clinical tumor in terms of intraparenchymal growth, invasiveness, angiogenesis; (5) tumors should be maintainable in culture and should be safe for laboratory personnel; and (6) therapeutic responsiveness must imitate that of the clinical tumor being tested.

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Type
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Handbook of Experimental Neurology
Methods and Techniques in Animal Research
 , pp. 375 - 392
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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