1 - The monkeys of the Taï forest: an introduction
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 July 2009
Summary
Introduction
With several notable exceptions (e.g. Schaller 1963, Goodall 1965, 1968), early field primatology in Africa was practically equivalent to observing baboons on the savannah. Because of the prominence of open-country primates in models of human evolution as well as the difficulties of seeing and habituating cercopithecids in dense forest, many of the first studies of African primates focussed on terrestrial monkeys such as Olive baboons (Washburn & Devore 1961a, 1961b), Chacma baboons (Hall 1962), Hamadryas baboons (Kummer 1968), Yellow baboons (Altmann & Altmann 1970), Gelada baboons (Crook 1966, Crook & Aldrich-Blake 1968, Dunbar & Dunbar 1974), patas monkeys (Hall 1965) and vervet monkeys (Struhsaker 1967) (but see Haddow 1952, Rowell 1966, Aldrich-Blake 1968, 1970, Chalmers 1968a, 1968b, Gautier & Gautier-Hion 1969, Struhsaker 1969, Gartlan & Struhsaker 1972). Interest in arboreal primates eventually prompted more biologists to venture beneath the closed canopy and with Struhsaker's (1975) classic monograph on red colobus monkeys as a reference point, our knowledge of forest-dwelling African monkeys has grown significantly over the last 30 years. The result has been a burgeoning literature on African cercopithecoids including detailed treatments of guenons (e.g. Gautier-Hion et al. 1988, Glenn & Cords 2002), colobines (Davies & Oates 1994) and monkeys throughout the Congo Basin (Gautier-Hion et al. 1999).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Monkeys of the Taï ForestAn African Primate Community, pp. 1 - 48Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2007
References
Adachi-Kanazawa, K. (2004). Polyspecific associations of Cercopithecus monkeys in the Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Ph.D. Thesis, Kyoto University, Japan.
, and (1981). Serum prolactin concentrations in Mangabey (Cercocebus atys lunulatus) and Patas (Erythrocebus patas) monkeys in response to stress, ketamine, Trh, sulpiride and levodopa. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 62, 165–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1968). A fertile hybrid between two Cercopithecus species in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. Folia Primatologica, 9, 15–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aldrich-Blake, F. P. G. (1970). The ecology and behavior of the blue monkey Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bristol, UK.
(1978). Le role disseminateur des éléphants en forêt de Taï, Côte d'Ivoire. La Terre et la Vie, 32, 47–72.Google Scholar
and (1997). Species of Mind: the Philosophy and Biology of Cognitive Ethology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
(1982). Nutrient composition and food preferences of colobus monkeys in Kibale Forest, Uganda. African Journal of Ecology, 20, 113–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1983). Changes in chemical composition of food plants in the diet of colobus monkeys. Ecology, 64, 668–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1986). Phenological observation on two food-tree species of colobus monkeys. African Journal of Ecology, 24, 209–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2002). The reproductive tactics of adult male sooty mangabeys in the Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Dipl. University Louis Pasteur of Strasbourg, France.Google Scholar
(1998). Niche differentiation between three sympatric colobine monkeys in Taï National Park Ivory Coast. Dipl. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.Google Scholar
Bergmüller, R. (1998). Feeding ecology of the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus atys). A key for its social organisation? Dipl. Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
Bergmüller, R., Rutte, C. and Noë, R. submitted. Sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus atys) adjust group size to cope with fluctuating food availability. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology.
(1999). Status and conservation of primates in Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. Oryx, 33, 323–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, I. S. (1971a). Agonistic behavior during group formation and intergroup interactions in sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys). Proceedings 3rd International Congress Primatology, Zurich 1970, 3, pp. 66–70.
(1971b). The influence of introductory techniques on the formation of captive mangabey groups. Primates, 12, 33–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1976). Activity patterns in a sooty mangabey group. Folia Primatologica, 26, 185–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bitty, E. A. (2001). What determines the ranging pattern of the black and white colobine, Colobus polykomos in the Taï National Park (Ivory Coast). Dipl. University of Cocody, (Abidjan, Ivory Coast).
and (2006). Locomotor behavior of Cercopithecus nictitans stampflii in the Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 42, 65.Google Scholar
(1997). A poly-specific association between western red colobus (Colobus badius) and Diana monkeys (Cercopithecus diana) of the Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (West Africa): the influence of the association on the food choice of both species. Dipl. Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology: Bremen, Germany.Google Scholar
Boesch, C. (1994). Hunting strategies of Gombe and Taï chimpanzees. In Chimpanzee Cultures, ed. , , and . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 77–92.Google Scholar
and (1989). Hunting behavior of wild chimpanzees in the Taï National Park. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 78, 547–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2000). The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest. Behavioural ecology and evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
(1954). A note on the colobus monkeys of the Gold and Ivory Coasts. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 12, 857–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1956a). The Cercopithecidae of the Gold and Ivory Coasts: geographic and systematic observations. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9th Ser., 9, 476–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1956b). The distribution of primates in the Gold Coast. Journal of the West African Science Association, 2, 122–33.Google Scholar
(1957). Observations of the natural history of the olive colobus monkey, Procolobus verus (van Beneden). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 129, 421–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1958a). The Niger, the Volta and the Dahomey Gaps as geographic barriers. Evolution, 12, 48–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1958b). The zoogeography of West African primates: a review. Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire, 20, 587–622.Google Scholar
Bourliere, F., Hunkeler, C. and Bertrand, M. (1970). Ecology and behavior of Lowe's guenon (Cercopithecus campbelli lowei) in Ivory Coast. In Old World Monkeys: Evolution, Systematics and Behaviour, ed. and . New York: Academic.Google Scholar
Bshary, R. (1995). Red colobus and Diana monkeys in the Taï National Park, Ivory Coast: Why do they associate? Ph.D. Thesis, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität, Munich, Germany.
and (1997a). Anti-predation behavior of red colobus monkeys in the presence of chimpanzees. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 41, 321–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1997b). Red colobus and Diana monkeys provide mutual protection against predators. Animal Behaviour, 54, 1461–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1977). Chimpanzee predation as a possible factor in the evolution of red colobus monkey social organisation. Evolution, 31, 907–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1984). Infant carrying by adult male mangabeys (Cercocebus atys). American Journal of Primatology, 6, 133–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buzzard, P. (2004). Interspecific competition among Cercopithecus campbelli, C. petaurista, and C. diana at the Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire. Ph.D. Thesis, Columbia University, USA.
(1968a). Group composition, ecology and daily activities of free living mangabeys in Uganda. Folia Primatologica, 8, 247–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1968b). The social behaviour of free living mangabeys in Uganda. Folia Primatologica, 8, 263–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1996). Mixed-species primate groups in the Kibale Forest: ecological constraints on association. International Journal of Primatology, 17, 31–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2002). Foraging challenges of red colobus monkeys: influence of nutrients and secondary compounds. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A, 133, 861–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (2002a). Application of protein-to-fiber ratios to predict colobine abundance on different spatial scales. International Journal of Primatology, 23, 283–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2002b). Scale issues in the study of primate foraging: red colobus of Kibale National Park. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 117, 349–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, C. A., Gautier-Hion, A., Oates, J. F. and Onderdonk, D. A. (1999). African primate communities: determinants of structure and threats to survival. In Primate Communities, ed. , and . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (1996). Genetic characterization of new West African simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsm: geographic clustering of household-derived SIV strains with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtypes and genetically diverse viruses from a single feral sooty mangabey troop. Journal of Virology, 70, 3617–27.Google ScholarPubMed
(1973). Feeding levels and feeding sites of red colobus (Colobus badius tephrosceles) in the Gombe National Park. Folia Primatologica, 19, 368–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1974). Activity pattern of red colobus (Colobus badius tephrosceles). Folia Primatologica, 21, 161–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1975a). Feeding behavior of red colobus and black and white colobus in East Africa. Folia Primatologica, 23, 165–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1975b). Ranging behavior of red colobus (Colobus badius tephrosceles) in Gombe National Park. Animal Behaviour, 23, 706–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1984). Mixed species groups of blue and redtail monkeys in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. International Journal of Primatology, 5, 329.Google Scholar
and (1976). Molecular evidence for the dual origin of mangabeys among Old World monkeys. Nature, 260, 700–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1966). Gelada baboon herd structure and movement. A comparative report. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, 18, 237–58.Google Scholar
and (1968). Ecological and behavioral contrasts between sympatric ground-dwelling primates in Ethiopia. Folia Primatologica, 8, 192–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2001). Feeding, diet, and jaw form in West African Colobus and Procolobus. International Journal of Primatology, 22, 1033–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1992). The western black-and-white colobus as a low-energy strategist: activity budgets, energy expenditure and energy intake. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 79–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1994). Diet of Colobus polykomos on Tiwai Island – selection of food in relation to its seasonal abundance and nutritional quality. International Journal of Primatology, 15, 655–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1994). Colobine Monkeys: Their Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
, and (1999). Patterns of frugivory in three West African colobine monkeys. International Journal of Primatology, 20, 327–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1994). Effects of habitat disturbance on the behavioral ecology and demographics of the Tana River red colobus (Procolobus badius rufomitratus). International Journal of Primatology, 15, 703–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1955). Les mammiferes de l'Afrique noire française. Dakar: Institut Fondamontale d'Afrique Noire.Google Scholar
Deschner, T. (1996). Aspects of social behavior of the olive colubus, Colobus verus (van Beneden 1838) in the Taï National park, Ivory Coast. M.A. Thesis, University of Hamburg, Germany.
(1994). Generic level relationships of the Papionini (Cercopithecoidea). American Journal of Primatology, 94, 47–57.Google Scholar
Disotell, T. R. and Raaum, R. L. (2002). Molecular timescale and gene tree congruence in the guenons. In The Guenons: Diversity and Adaptation in African Monkey, ed. and . New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, pp. 27–36.Google Scholar
and (1974). The reproductive cycle of the gelada baboon. Animal Behaviour, 22, 203–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunham, A. E. (2003). Effects of understory insectivores on community dynamics and ecosystem processes in a tropical forest. Ph.D. Thesis, Stony Brook University, USA.
Eckardt, W. (2002). Niche comparison between putty-nosed monkeys and Diana monkeys in the Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Universitaet Leipzig, Dept. Biowissenschaften, Leipzig.
and (2004). Cooperation and competition in two forest monkeys. Behavioral Ecology, 15, 400–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1988a). Absence of strongly kin-preferential behavior by adult female sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 76, 233–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1988b). Affiliative behavior of adult female sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys). American Journal of Primatology, 15, 115–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1999). Skeletal and dental morphology supports diphyletic origin of baboons and mandrills. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96, 1157–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2002). Skeletal and dental morphology of African papionins: unmasking a cryptic clade. Journal of Human Evolution, 42, 267–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1996). Comparing primate communities: A multivariate approach. Journal of Human Evolution, 30, 489–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleagle, J. G. and Reed, K. E. (1999). Phylogenetic and temporal perspectives on primate ecology. In Primate Communities, ed. , and . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Förderer, T. (2001). Orientation in free ranging sooty mangabeys at Taï National Park/Ivory Coast. M.A. Thesis, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
, , , , and (1986). Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from naturally infected sooty mangabey monkeys (Cercocebus atys). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 83, 5286–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1978). Données ecologiques sur les singes de la région de Bozo. Adiopodoume, Côte d'Ivoire. ORSTROM: Rapport de Mission a Bozo, Empire Centrafricain.
and (1985). La communauté de primates diurnes de la fôret de Taï, Côte d'Ivoire. Revve d'Ecologie (la Terre et la Vie), 40, 3–32.Google Scholar
(1981). Some observations on a newborn pigmy hippopotamus in the Taï Forest, Ivory-Coast. Mammalia, 45, 39.Google Scholar
and (1979). Consequences comportementales de perturbations sociales répétées sur une troupe de mones de lowe Cercopithecus campbelli lowei de Côte d'Ivoire. Revue d'Ecologie (la Terre et la Vie), 33, 49–58.Google Scholar
and (2005). Conservation and survival adaptations of Temminck's red colobus (Procolobus badius temmincki), in Senegal. International Journal of Primatology, 26, 585–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (1992). Human Infection by genetically diverse Sivsm-related Hiv-2 in West Africa. Nature, 358, 495–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1997). Distribution, status and conservation of primates in Monte Alen National Park, Equatorial Guinea. Oryx, 31, 67–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1972). Polyspecific associations and niche separation of rain-forest anthropoids in Cameroon, West Africa. Journal of Zoology (London, England), 168, 221–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gartshore, M. E. (1989). An avifaunal survey of Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. In International Council for Bird Preservation Report No. 39.
and (1969). Les associations polyspecifiques chez les Cercopithecidas du Gabon. La Terre et la Vie, 2, 164–201.Google Scholar
, , and (1988). A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African Guenons. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
, and (1999). Histoire Naturelle des Primates d'Afrique Centrale. Libreville, Gabon: Ecofac.Google Scholar
and (eds.) (2002). The Guenons: Diversity and Adaptation in African Monkeys. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.Google Scholar
(1996). Habitat preference of two lowland sympatric guenons on Bioko island, equatorial Guinea. Folia Zoologica, 45, 201–8.Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1965). Chimpanzees of the Gombe Stream Reserve. In Primate Behavior, ed. . New York: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston, pp. 425–73.Google Scholar
(1968). The behavior of free-living chimpanzees of the Gombe Stream Reserve. Animal Behavior Monographs, 1, 161–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, T. T. (2001). The calling behavior and mating system of a non-lekking population of Hypsignathus monstrosus. Ph.D. Thesis, SUNY Stony Brook, USA.
, , and (1991). Behavior associated with postconception perineal swelling in sooty mangabeys, Cercocebus torquatus atys. International Journal of Primatology, 12, 585–97.
(1978). Phylogenetic and population systematics of the mangabeys (Primates: Cercopithecoidea). Primates, 19, 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1978). Patterns of speciation in African mammals. Bulletin Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 6, 152–67.Google Scholar
Grubb, P. (1982). Refuges and dispersal in the speciation of African forest mammals. In Biological Diversification in the Tropics, ed. . New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 537–53.Google Scholar
, , et al. (2003). Assessment of the diversity of African primates. International Journal of Primatology, 24, 1301–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1994). Alpha-male sooty mangabeys differentiate between females' fertile and their post-conception maximal swellings. International Journal of Primatology, 15, 289–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1991). Male age and reproductive behaviour in sooty mangabeys Cercocebus torquatus atys. Animal Behaviour, 41, 277–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1993). Conflict resolution in sooty mangabeys. Animal Behaviour, 46, 685–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1994). The absence of matrilineally based dominance system in sooty mangabeys, Cercocebus torquatus atys. Animal Behaviour, 47, 589–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1952). Field and laboratory studies on an African monkey, Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti Matschie. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 122, 297–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1979). Female reproductive cycles and birth data from an Old World monkey colony. Primates, 20, 429–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1962). Numerical data, maintenance activities, and locomotion of the wild chacma baboon, Papio ursinus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 10, 1–28.Google Scholar
(1965). Behavior and ecology of wild Patas monkeys, Erythrocebus patas, in Uganda. Journal of Zoology, 148, 15–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, A. C. (1988). Guenon evolution and forest history. In A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African Guenons, ed. , , and . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 13–34.Google Scholar
(1996). The relation between niche and predation in three guenons. Diploma, Kiel University: Kiel, Germany.Google Scholar
(1984). Primates of the Kilimi Area, Northwest Sierra-Leone. Folia Primatologica, 42, 96–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1996). Dental sexual dimorphism and morphology in African colobus monkeys as related to diet. International Journal of Primatology, 17, 725–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2005). Patterns of skeletal trauma in seven species of cercopithecoid monkeys. American Journal of Primatology, 66, 93.Google Scholar
(1994). The role of female Diana monkeys, Cercopithecus diana, in territorial defense. Animal Behaviour, 47, 425–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Hoeven, C. (1996). Hiding in the crowd. The anti-predation strategy of Colobus verus in comparison to two sympatric colobines: Colobus badius and Colobus polykomos. Diploma, University of Utrecht, Netherlands.
Holenweg, K. (1992). Associations between Procolobus badius and Cercopithecus diana groups in Taï National Park. Diploma, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
, and (1996). Waser's gas model applied to associations between red colobus and diana monkeys in the Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Folia Primatologica, 67, 125–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1993). Associations of red colobus and diana monkeys in the Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Diploma, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland.
, and (1997). Dyadic associations of red colobus and diana monkey groups in the Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Primates, 38, 281–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1984). Etude du spectre des proies de la panthere, Panthera pardus, dans le Parc National de Taï en Côte d'Ivoire. Mammalia, 48, 477–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1972). Le comportement social de la Mone de Lowe (Cercopithecus campbelli lowei). Folia Primatologica, 17, 218–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1984). Daily ranging behaviour of red colobus (Colobus badius tephrosceles) in Kibale Forest, Uganda. Folia Primatologica, 39, 145–59.Google Scholar
(2006). Fruits of enlightenment – Fruit localisation skills in wild mangabeys. Diploma, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK.
(1996). Spatial organization of leopards (Panthera pardus) in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast: is rain forest habitat a tropical haven?Journal of Zoology, 240, 427–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1989). Island Africa: The Evolution of Africa's Rare Animals and Plants. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kone, I. (2004). The impact of poaching on behavioural aspects of the Diana guenon and the West African red colobus in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cocody (Abidjan, Ivory Coast).
Korstjens, A. H. (2001). The mob, the secret sorority, and the phantoms: an analysis of the socio-ecological strategies of the three colobines of Taï. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Utrecht, Netherland.
Korstjens, A. H. and Galat-Loung, A. in press. Colobus polykomos (Zimmerman). In Mammals of Africa, ed. , and . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
and (2004). Mating system of an exceptional primate, the olive colobus (Procolobus verus). American Journal of Primatology, 62, 261–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2003). Dispersal patterns among olive colobus in Taï National Park. International Journal of Primatology, 24, 515–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2002). How adaptive or phylogenetically inert is primate social behaviour? A test with two sympatric colobines. Behaviour, 139, 203–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krebs, M. (1998). The role of males in family groups of Colobus verus, Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Diploma, University of Osnabrück, Germany.
(1977). Pleistocene land-sea correlations. 1: Europe. Earth Science Review, 13, 307–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1968). Social Organization of Hamadryas Baboons. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lernould, J.-M. (1988). Classification and geographical distribution of guenons: a review. In A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African Guenons, ed. , , and . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 54–78.Google Scholar
Leumann, L. (1994). Mixed species association of red colobus (Procolobus badius) and Diana monkeys (Cercopithecus diana) with particular emphasis on the context of predation. Diploma, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
, , et al. (2004). Classic AIDS in a sooty mangabey after an 18-year natural infection. Journal of Virology, 78, 8902–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1975). Late Quaterary climatic change in Africa. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics, 6, 249–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livingstone, D. A. (1982). Quarternary geography of Africa and the refuge theory. In Biological Diversification in the Tropics, ed. . New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
(1929). The development and distribution of the African fauna in connection with and depending upon climatic changes. Arkiv For Zoologie (Stockholm), 21A, 1–33.Google Scholar
, and (1994). Diets of two sympatric Colobines in Zaire – more evidence on seed-eating in forests on poor soils. International Journal of Primatology, 15, 681–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1979a). Comparative aspects of social organization in the Tana River red colobus, Colobus badius rufomitratus. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 51, 337–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1979b). Female transfer and mate choice among Tana River Red Colobus. Nature, 281, 568–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1981). Time budget of Tana River Red Colobus. Folia Primatologica, 35, 30–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1991). The Rainforests of West Africa: Ecology, Threats, Conservation. Basel: Birkhäuser.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (1991). Isolation of a simian immunodeficiency virus related to human-immunodeficiency-virus Type-2 from a West African pet sooty mangabey. Journal of Virology, 65, 4480–5.Google ScholarPubMed
and (2002). Distribution, population density, and status of sympatric cercopithecids in the Campo-Ma'an area, Southwestern Cameroon. Primates, 43, 155–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1996). Cercopithecid locomotion, support use, and support availability in the Taï Forest, Ivory Coast. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 100, 507–22.3.0.CO;2-N>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1998a). Comparative locomotion and habitat use of six monkeys in the Taï Forest, Ivory Coast. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 105, 493–510.3.0.CO;2-P>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1998b). Three monkeys nearing extinction in the forest reserves of eastern Côte d'Ivoire. Oryx, 32, 233–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2000). Positional behavior ofCercopithecus petaurista. International Journal of Primatology, 21, 157–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGraw, W. S. and Oates, J. F. (in press). Roloway monkey (Cercopithecus diana roloway). In Primates in Peril: The World's Most Endangered Primates 2006–2008, eds. R. A. Mittermeier et al. Primate Conservation.
, and (2002). Adult female Cercopithecus diana employ canine teeth to kill another adult female C. diana. International Journal of Primatology, 23, 1301–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1986). Counting elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) in tropical rain-forests with particular reference to the Taï National Park, Ivory-Coast. African Journal of Ecology, 24, 61–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meystre-Storrer, Y. (2002). Dominance hierarchy and relationships between male mangabeys, Cercocebus torquatus atys. M.A. Thesis, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
(1991). Niche overlap and polyspecific associations among sympatric cercopithecids in the Campo Animal Reserve, Southwestern Cameroon. Primates, 32, 137–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1996). Locomotor differentiation and different skeletal morphologies in mangabeys (Lophocebus and Cercocebus). Folia Primatologica, 66, 15–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1970). Old World Monkeys: Evolution, Systematics and Behaviour. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
(2001). Bushmeat hunting and management: implications of duiker ecology and interspecific competition. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10, 99–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nijssen, E. C. (1999). Female philopatry in Colobus polykomos polykomos: Fact or fiction? Diploma, University of Utrecht, Netherlands.
and (1997). The formation of red colobus-Diana monkey associations under predation pressure from chimpanzees. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 264, 253–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oates, J. F. (1977a). The guereza and its food. In Primate Ecology, ed. . London: Academic Press, pp. 275–321.Google Scholar
(1977b). The guereza and man. In Primate Conservation, ed. and , III of Monaco. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
. (1977c). The social life of a black-and-white colobus monkey, Colobus guereza. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie, 45, 1–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1988a). The diet of the olive colobus monkey, Procolobus verus, in Sierra Leone. International Journal of Primatology, 9, 457–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oates, J. F. (1988b). The distribution of cercopithecus monkeys in West African forests. In A Primate Radition, ed. , , and . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 79–103.Google Scholar
, , , and (2000b). Extinction of a West African red colobus monkey. Conservation Biology, 14, 1526–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oates, J. F., Bocian, C. M. and Terranova, C. J. (2000a). The loud calls of black and white colobus monkeys: their adaptive and taxonomic significance in light of new data. In Old World Monkeys, ed. and . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 431–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oates, J. F., Korstjens, A. H. and Galat-Loung, A. in press. The olive colobus, Procolobus verus. In Mammals of Africa, ed. , and . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
and (1983). Taxonomy and phylogeny of black-and-white colobus monkeys. Inferences from an analysis of loud call variation. Folia Primatologica, 40, 83–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1990). Association between olive colobus (Procolobus verus), Diana Guenons (Cercopithecus diana), and other forest monkeys in Sierra-Leone. American Journal of Primatology, 21, 129–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (1990). Determinants of variation in tropical forest primate biomass – new evidence from West-Africa. Ecology, 71, 328–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999). Group fission systems of red colobus monkeys, Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. In Institute of Evolutionary and Ecological Sciences. Leiden: Leiden University.Google Scholar
, , and (2002). Estimation of large mammal densities in the Ipassa-Makokou reserve (Gabon). Bulletin De La Société Zoologique De France, 127, 121–35.Google Scholar
Paukert, C. (2002). Aspects of range use and inter-group relations of three groups of black-and-white colobus monkeys (Colobus polykomos) in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Diploma, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
(1907). A monographic revision of the genus Cercopithecus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1907, 677–746.Google Scholar
Rainey, H. J. (2004). The responses of birds to alarm calls and predators. Ph.D. Thesis, University of St Andrews, UK.
(1998). Social system and competition in female sooty mangabeys. Diploma, University of Bayreuth, Germany.Google Scholar
Range, F. (2004). The strategies employed by sooty mangabeys in a socially complex world. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
(2005). Female sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus atys) respond differently to males depending on the male's residence status – preliminary data. American Journal of Primatology, 65, 327–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2004). Vocal repertoire of sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus atys) in the Taï National Park. Ethology, 110, 301–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2002). Familiarity and dominance relations among female sooty mangabeys in the Taï National Park. American Journal of Primatology, 56, 137–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2005). Can simple rules account for the pattern of triadic interactions in juvenile and adult female sooty mangabeys?Animal Behaviour, 69, 445–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2004). Primate communities: past, present, and possible future. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 4, 2–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Refisch, J. (2001). Impact of poaching on primates and secondary effects on the vegetation in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bayreuth, Germany.
and (1987). Repartition et statut des grandes espèces de mammiferes en Côte d'Ivoire. IV. Buffles. Mammalia, 51, 89–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , . (1984). Repartition et statut des grandes especes de mammiferes en Côte d'Ivoire, I. Introduction, II. Les elephants. Mammalia, 48, 207–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutte, C. (1998). Foraging strategies of sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus atys). Diploma, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
Saj, T. L. and Sicotte, P. (2004). The population status of Colobus vellerosus at Boabeng-Fiema sacred grove, Ghana. In Commensalism and Conflict: Human-Primate Interface, ed. . American Society of Primatology, pp. 264–87.Google Scholar
(1940). The mammals of the North Cameroons forest area. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 24, 623–725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, et al. (2005). Simian immunodeficiency virus infection in free-ranging sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys atys) from the Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire: implications for the origin of epidemic human immunodeficiency virus type 2. Journal of Virology, 79, 12515–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaaff, M. (1995). Differences in anti-predation strategies, food choice and social structure between sympatric Colobus polykomos and Procolobus badius: testing a model. Diploma, University of Utrecht, Netherlands.
Schabel, M. (1993). Die Rolle des Futters in gemischte Assoziationen Zwischen Roten Coloben und Dianameerkatzen in Taï National Park. Diploma, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Schippers, E. (1999). Dispersal of the olive colobus (Colobus verus) in Taï National Park. Diploma, University of Utrecht, Netherlands.
(1928). Notes on the classification of the African monkeys in the genus Cercopithecus Erxleben. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 649–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwarz, E. (1929). On the local races and distribution of the black and white colobus monkeys. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 585–98.CrossRef
(2001). Notes on interactions between monkeys and African crowned eagles in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Folia Primatology, 72, 248–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shultz, S. (2003). Of monkeys and eagles: predator-prey interactions in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Liverpool, UK.
, , and (2004). A community-level evaluation of the impact of prey behavioural and ecological characteristics on predator diet composition. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 271, 725–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2005). Naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys: are we closer to understanding why they do not develop AIDS?Journal of Medical Primatology, 34, 243–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1995). The influence of chimpanzee predation on group size and antipredator behavior in red colobus monkeys. Animal Behaviour, 49, 577–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1998). Chimpanzee and Red Colobus. The Ecology of Predator and Prey. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
, , and (1994). Patterns of predation by chimpanzees on red colobus monkeys in Gombe National Park, 1982–1991. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 94, 213–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1990). Object manipulation by wild red colobus monkeys living in the Abuko Nature reserve, Gambia. Primates, 31, 385–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1991). Socioecology of the Red Colobus Monkey in the Gambia Particular Reference to Female-Male Differences and Transfer Pattern. New York: CUNY.Google Scholar
(2001). Patterns of inbreeding avoidance in Temminck's red colobus. Behaviour, 138, 453–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1967). Behavior of Vervet Monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
(1969). Correlates of ecology and social organisation among African cercopithecines. Folia Primatologica, 11, 80–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1974). Correlates of ranging behavior in a group of red colobus monkeys (Colobus badius tephrosceles). American Zoologist, 14, 177–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1978). Food habits of five monkey species in the Kibale Forest, Uganda. In Recent Advances in Primatology, ed. and . New York: Academic Press, pp. 225–48.Google Scholar
(1980). Comparison of the behavior and ecology of red colobus and redtail monkeys in the Kibale forest. African Journal of Ecology, 18, 33–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1997). Ecology of an African Rain Forest: Logging in Kibale and the Conflict Between Conservation and Exploitation. Gainsville: University of Florida Press.Google Scholar
Struhsaker, T. T. (1999). Primate communities in Africa: The consequence of long term evolution or the artifact of recent hunting? In Primate Communities, ed. , and . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 289–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1971). Evidence of tool using by chimpanzees in the Ivory Coast. Folia Primatologica, 15, 212–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1985). Infanticide in a patrilineal society of red colobus monkeys. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 69, 89–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Struhsaker, T. T. and Oates, J. F. (1975). Comparison of the behaviour and ecology of red colobus and black and white colobus monkeys in Uganda: a summary. In Socioecology and Psychology of Primates, ed. . The Hague: Mouton, pp. 103–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2003). Effect of group size on activity budgets of Colobus vellerosus in Ghana. International Journal of Primatology, 24, 743–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tosi, A. J., Buzzard, P. J., Morales, J. C. and Melnick, D. J. (2002). Y-chromosomal window onto the history of terrestrial adaptation in the cercopithecini. In The Guenons: Diversity and Adaptation in African Monkeys, ed. and . New York: Kluwer Academic, pp. 15–26.Google Scholar
, and (2005). X-chromosomal window into the evolutionary history of the guenons (Primates: Cercopithecini). Molecular and Phylogenetic Evolution, 36, 58–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tranquilli, S. (2003). Vocalizations and referential function in the alarm calls of the black and white colobus (Colobus polykomos) in Taï Forest, Ivory Coast. Diploma, Universita' degli studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” Italy.
, , and (1997). The primate community of the Lope Reserve, Gabon: diets, responses to fruit scarcity, and effects on biomass. American Journal of Primatology, 42, 1–24.3.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tutin, C. E. G. and White, L. J. T. (1999). The recent evolutionary past of primate communities: likely environmental impacts during the past three millennia. In Primate Communities, ed. , and . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 220–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uster, D. (2000). The functional significance of diana monkey contact calls. Diploma, Braunschweig: Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany.
Wachter, B. (1993). The role of food in polyspecific associations of red colobus and Diana monkeys in the Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. M.A. Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland.
, and (1997). Diet overlap and polyspecific associations of red colobus and Diana monkeys in the Taï park, Ivory Coast. Ethology, 103, 514–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waitkuwait, W. E. (1981). Untersuchungen zur Brutbiologie des Panzerkrokodils (Crocodilis cataphractus) im Taï Nationalpark in der Republik Elfenbeinkuste. Thesis, Ruprecht-Karls Universitat: Heidelberg, Germany.
(1978). Vocalizations of black and white colobus-monkey (Colobus polykomos Zimmerman 1780). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 49, 227–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Washburn, S. L. and Devore, I. (1961a). Social behaviour of baboons and early man. In Social life of Early Man, ed. . Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, pp. 91–105.Google Scholar
(1989). Interspecific associations of Diana monkeys, Cercopithecus diana, in Sierra Leone, West Africa: Biological significance or chance?Animal Behaviour, 37, 760–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitesides, G. H. (1991). Patterns of foraging, ranging, and interspecific associations of Diana monkeys (Cercopithecus diana) in Sierra Leone, West Africa. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Miami, FL, USA.
Wolters, S. (2001). The effect of mixed-species associations on the behaviour of Campbell's and Diana monkeys. Diploma, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Germany.
Zuberbühler, K. M. (1998). Natural semantic communication in wild Diana monkeys. Proximate mechanisms and evolutionary function. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
(1993). Akustische Kommunikation im Feindkontext: die Bedeutung der Vokalisationen als Antiprädator-Strategien bei zwei waldlebenden Cercopitheciden. Diploma, Zurich: University of Zurich, Switzerland.
and (2002). Leopard predation and primate evolution. Journal of Human Evolution, 43, 873–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
- 10
- Cited by