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30 - Major psychiatric disorders in adult life

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2009

By
Amanda Elkin ,
Sridevi Kalidindi ,
Kopal Tandon  and
Peter McGuffin
Edited by
Alan Wright  and
Nicholas Hastie
Alan Wright
Affiliation:
MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh
Nicholas Hastie
Affiliation:
MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh
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Summary

Psychiatric disorders are common. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that at least one in four people will experience a clinically significant episode of psychiatric illness at some point in their lives. Although most such disorders are short lived and do not result in specialist care many cases become disabling and the WHO Global Burden of Disease Study (Murray and Lopez, 1997) has estimated that in health economic terms unipolar depression (UPD) vies with cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of disability in adults world wide. Schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BPD) are also major public health problems which feature in the WHO's top ten of economically burdensome diseases. Between them, the affective disorders (UPD and BPD) and schizophrenia also account for over 60% of completed suicides. Therefore we will here focus on these three conditions as the main exemplars of common complex psychiatric disorders with substantial genetic contributions.

Clinical features and epidemiology

Unipolar depression (UPD) is so called because it consists of episodes of depressed mood whereas bipolar disorder (BPD) presents as episodes of both mania and depression. (A minority of patients with bipolar disorder have episodes of mania and no depressive episodes, but in terms of course, outcome, treatment response and pattern of illness in relatives they resemble typical bipolar disorder cases and are therefore classified as such rather than a “unipolar mania”).

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Genes and Common Diseases
Genetics in Modern Medicine
 , pp. 454 - 468
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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