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2 - The epidemiology of pediatric HIV disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2009

By
Mary Lou Lindegren ,
Teresa Hammett  and
Marc Bulterys
Edited by
Steven L. Zeichner  and
Jennifer S. Read
Mary Lou Lindegren
Affiliation:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Teresa Hammett
Affiliation:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Marc Bulterys
Affiliation:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Steven L. Zeichner
Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
Jennifer S. Read
Affiliation:
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Summary

Introduction

Worldwide, over 3.2 million children are living with HIV and at least 1700 babies are born each day with HIV infection [1]. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV represents the most common means by which children become infected with HIV. This chapter will review the current epidemiology of HIV infection in children in the USA, and briefly review the growing worldwide impact of HIV on children.

HIV/AIDS among children in the USA

HIV infection and AIDS reporting

Through June 2001, 8994 US children with AIDS were reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from all 50 states, Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, and the US Virgin Islands (Table 2.1). Fifty-six percent of all cases were reported from only four states: New York (25%), Florida (16%), New Jersey (8%), and California (7%). The majority of AIDS cases (91%) and virtually all new HIV infections resulted from MTCT. Seven percent of children with AIDS acquired their infection through receipt of contaminated blood or blood products. AIDS also has been reported among children who acquired HIV infection from sexual abuse, mucus membrane exposure to blood, and percutaneous or cutaneous exposures to blood or contaminated needles during home health care [2]. Only 2% of AIDS cases in US children lack an ascribable risk, usually because of incomplete information about the mother [3].

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Chapter
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Handbook of Pediatric HIV Care , pp. 78 - 96
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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