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4 - The Victorians and Buddhist doctrine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2009

Philip C. Almond
Affiliation:
University of Queensland
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Summary

PESSIMISM

Now this, monks, is the noble truth about Ill:

Birth is Ill, decay is Ill, sickness is Ill, death is Ill: likewise sorrow and grief, woe, lamentation and despair. To be conjoined with things which we dislike: to be separated from things which we like, – that also is Ill. Not to get what one wants, – that also is Ill. In a word, this body, this fivefold mass which is based on grasping, – that is Ill.

Now this, monks, is the noble truth about the arising of Ill:

It is that craving that leads to birth, along with the love and the lust that lingers longingly now here, now there: namely the craving for sensual pleasure, the craving to be born again, the craving for existence to end. Such, monks, is the noble truth about the arising of Ill.

And this, monks, is the noble truth about the ceasing of Ill:

Verily it is the utter passionless cessation of, the giving up, the forsaking, the release from, the absence of longing for this craving.

Now this, monks, is the noble truth about the practice that leads to the ceasing of Ill:

Verily it is this noble eightfold way, to wit: right view, right aim, right speech, right action, right living, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration.

It was the experience of suffering that supplied the motive for Buddhist thought. The analysis of suffering and the way to release from it constitute its contents. In the four noble truths that the Buddha delivered in the Deer Park of Isipatana near Benares, the nature of suffering and the way to liberation from it form the central theme.

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