Introduction

The systematic analysis of the information gained through focus group discussions is what distinguishes the academic use of focus group discussions from market research approaches (Bloor et al. 2001). Obtaining an accurate record of the group discussion is therefore critical. Focus group discussions are typically recorded in two ways, by using a tape recorder and by taking written notes during the session. Tape-recording the group discussion is most preferred, as it provides a verbatim record of the issues discussed and greatly increases the data quality. Tape-recording the discussion also overcomes the shortcomings of relying on written notes from the discussion, which may be incomplete, inaccurate or selectively recorded. Although tape-recording the group discussion remains the ideal, not all participants may give consent for tape-recording the discussion and therefore note-taking remains an important back-up. This chapter describes the methods of recording the information from focus group discussions, and highlights common issues with recording the discussion, particularly in international focus group research. The chapter also describes methods of collecting additional information about participants through pre- and post-session questionnaires.

Note-taking

Each group discussion should have a note-taker in attendance whose role is to make a written record of the key issues raised in the discussion. A note-taker should always be present even if the discussion is being tape-recorded, as the notes will be critical if the recording equipment fails, the recording is inaudible or the tapes are lost.