Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T18:58:38.278Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

W. Tecumseh Fitch
Affiliation:
Universität Wien, Austria
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aarsleff, H. (1976). “An outline of language-origins theory since the Renaissance,” Annals of the New York Academy of Science 280, pp. 4–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abe, H., Hasegawa, Y., and Wada, K. (1977). “A note on the air-sac of the ribbon seal,” Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute 29, pp. 129–135.Google Scholar
Abeillé, A. and Rambow, O. (eds) (2000). Tree Adjoining Grammars: Formalisms, Linguistic Analysis and Processing (Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications).
Abler, W. (1989). “On the particulate principle of self-diversifying system,” Journal of Social & Biological Structures 12, pp. 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adret, P. (1993). “Vocal learning induced with operant techniques: An overview,” Netherlands Journal of Zoology 43, pp. 125–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agusti, J. and Antón, M. (2002). Mammoths, Sabertooths, and Hominids: 65 million years of mammalian evolution in Europe (New York, NY: Columbia University Press).Google Scholar
Aiello, L. C. (1996). “Terrestriality, bipedalism and the origin of language,” Proceedings of the British Academy 88, pp. 269–289.Google Scholar
Aiello, L. C. and Dean, M. C. (1990). An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Anatomy (London: Academic Press).Google Scholar
Aiello, L. C. and Key, C. (2002). “Energetic consequences of being a Homo erectus female,” American Journal of Human Biology 14, pp. 551–565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aiello, L. C. and Wheeler, P. (1995). “The expensive tissue hypothesis: The brain and the digestive system in human and primate evolution,” Current Anthropology 36, pp. 199–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aitchison, J. (2000). The Seeds of Speech: Language origin and evolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Aitken, P. G. and Wilson, W. A. (1979). “Discriminative vocal conditioning in Rhesus monkeys: Evidence for volitional control?,” Brain and Language 8, pp. 227–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Walter, P., Raff, M., and Roberts, K. (2008). Molecular Biology of the Cell (New York, NY: Garland).Google Scholar
Alemseged, Z., Spoor, F., Kimbel, W. H., Bobe, R., Geraads, D., Reed, D., and Wynn, J. G. (2006). “A juvenile early hominin skeleton from Dikika, Ethiopia,” Nature 443, pp. 296–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allin, E. F. (1975). “Evolution of the mammalian middle ear,” Journal of Morphology 147, pp. 403–438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allin, E. F. and Hopson, J. A. (1992). “Evolution of the auditory system in Synapsida (‘mammal-like retiles’ and primitive mammals) as seen in the fossil record,” in The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, ed. Webster, D. B., Fay, R. F., and Popper, A. N. (New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, pp. 587–614).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allman, J. M. (1999). Evolving Brains (New York, NY: Scientific American Library; distributed by W. H. Freeman and Co.).Google Scholar
Allott, R. (1989). The Motor Theory of Language Origin(Sussex: The Book Guild).Google Scholar
Andersson, M. B. (1994). Sexual Selection (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2002). “The mirror system, imitation, and the evolution of language,” in Imitation in Animals and Artifacts, ed. Nehaniv, C. and Dautenhahn, K. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 229–280).Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2004). “How far is language beyond our grasp: A response to Hurford,” in The Evolution of Communication Systems: A comparative approach, ed. Oller, D. K. and Griebel, U. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 315–321).Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2005). “From monkey-like action recognition to human language: An evolutionary framework for neurolinguistics,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, pp. 105–167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arcadi, A. C. (1996). “Phrase structure of wild chimpanzee pant hoots: Patterns of production and interpopulation variability,” American Journal of Primatology 39, pp. 159–178.3.0.CO;2-Y>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arcadi, A. C., Robert, D., and Mugurusi, F. (2004). “A comparison of buttress drumming by male chimpanzees from two populations,” Primates 45, pp. 135–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arensburg, B. (1994). “Middle Paleolithic speech capabilities: A response to Dr. Lieberman,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 94, pp. 279–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arensburg, B., Schepartz, L. A., Tillier, A. M., Vandermeersch, B., and Rak, Y. (1990). “A reappraisal of the anatomical basis for speech in middle Paleolithic hominids,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 83, pp. 137–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arensburg, B., Tillier, A. M., Vandermeersch, B., Duday, H., Schepartz, L. A., and Rak, Y. (1989). “A middle paleolithic human hyoid bone,” Nature 338, pp. 758–760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ariew, A. (1999). “Innateness is Canalization: In defense of a developmental account of innateness,” in Where Biology Meets Psychology: Philosophical essays, ed. Hardcastle, V. G. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 117–138).Google Scholar
,Aristotle (350 bc). The History of Animals (London: Heinemann).
Armstrong, D. F. (1983). “Iconicity, arbitrariness, and duality of patterning in signed and spoken languages: Perspectives on language evolution,” Sign Language Studies 38, pp. 51–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, D. F., Stokoe, W. C., and Wilcox, S. E. (1984). “Signs of the origin of syntax,” Current Anthropology 35, pp. 349–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, D. F., Stokoe, W. C., and Wilcox, S. E. (1995). Gesture and the Nature of Language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, K. and Zuberbühler, K. (2006). “Semantic combinations in primate calls,” Nature 441, p. 303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arom, S. (2000). “Prologomena to a biomusicology,” in The Origins of Music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 27–29).Google Scholar
Arthur, W. (2002). “The emerging conceptual framework of evolutionary developmental biology,” Nature 415, pp. 757–764.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arvola, A. (1974). “Vocalization in the guinea-pig, C. porcellus L.,” Annales Zoologici Fennici 11, pp. 1–96.Google Scholar
Asfaw, B., Beyene, Y., Suwa, G., Walter, R. C., White, T. D., WoldeGabriel, G., and Yemane, T. (1992). “The earliest Acheulean from Konso-Gardula,” Nature 360, pp. 732–735.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Auel, J. M. (1984). The Clan of the Cave Bear (New York: Bantam).Google Scholar
Avanzini, G., Faienza, C., Minciacchi, D., Lopez, L., and Majno, M. (eds) (2003). The Neurosciences and Music (New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences).
Avanzini, G., Lopez, L., Koelsch, S., and Majno, M. (eds) (2005). The Neurosciences and Music II (New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences).
Avital, E. and Jablonka, E. (2000). Animal Traditions: Behavioural inheritance in evolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Axelrod, R. (1997). The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-based models of competition and collaboration (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Axelrod, R. and Dion, D. (1988). “The further evolution of cooperation,” Science 242, pp. 1385–1390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Axelrod, R. and Hamilton, W. D. (1981). “The evolution of cooperation,” Science 211, pp. 1390–1396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bachorowski, J.-A. and Owren, M. J. (2001). “Not all laughs are alike: Voiced but not unvoiced laughter readily elicits positive affect,” Psychological Science 12, pp. 252–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, M. C. and Cunningham, M. A. (1985a). “The biology of bird song dialects,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8, pp. 85–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, M. C. and Cunningham, M. A. (1985b). “The biology of bird-song dialects,” Behavioural Processes 8, pp. 85–133.Google Scholar
Baker, M. C. and Mewaldt, L. R. (1978). “Song dialects as barriers to dispersal in White-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttali,” Evolution 32, pp. 712–722.Google ScholarPubMed
Bakewell, M. A., Shi, P., and Zhang, J. (2007). “More genes underwent positive selection in chimpanzee evolution than in human evolution,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, pp. 7489–7494.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balaban, E. (1988). “Bird song syntax: Learned intraspecific variation is meaningful,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 85, pp. 3657–3660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balda, R. P., Pepperberg, I. M., and Kamil, A. C. (1998). Animal Cognition in Nature: The convergence of psychology and biology in laboratory and field (London: Academic Press).Google Scholar
Balzano, G. J. (1980). “The group-theoretic description of 12-fold and microtonal pitch systems,” Computer Music Journal 4, pp. 66–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bangert, M., Peschel, T., Schlaug, G., Rotte, M., Drescher, D., Hinrichs, H., Heinze, H. J., and Altenmüller, E. (2006). “Shared networks for auditory and motor processing in professional pianists: Evidence from fMRI conjunction,” Neuroimage 30, pp. 917–926.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barash, D. P. (1974). “Neighbor recognition in two ‘solitary’ carnivores: The raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the Red Fox (Vulpes fulva),” Science 185, pp. 794–796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barfield, R. J., Auerbach, P. A., Geyer, L. A., and McKintosh, T. K. (1979). “Ultrasonic vocalisation in rat sexual behaviour,” American Zoologist 19, pp. 469–480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barfield, R. J. and Geyer, L. A. (1972). “Sexual behaviour: Ultrasonic post-ejaculatory song of the male rat,” Science 176, pp. 1349–1350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkow, J., Cosmides, L., and Tooby, J. (eds) (1992). The Adapted Mind (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Baron-Cohen, S. (1995). Mindblindness (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A., and Frith, U. (1985). “Does the autistic child have a ‘theory of mind’?,” Cognition 21, pp. 37–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett, M. D. (1978). “Lexical development and overextension in child language,” Journal of Child Language 5, pp. 209–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barton, N. and Partridge, L. (2000). “Limits to natural selection,” Bioessays 22, pp. 1075–1084.3.0.CO;2-M>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bass, A. H. and Baker, R. (1997). “Phenotypic specification of hindbrain rhombomeres and the origins of rhythmic circuits in vertebrates,” Brain, Behavior and Evolution 50, pp. 3–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bates, E. (1999). “Plasticity, localization and language development,” in The Changing Nervous System: Neurobiological consequences of early brain disorders, ed. Bronan, S. and Fletcher, J. M. (New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 214–253).Google Scholar
Bateson, P. P. G. (1966). “The characteristics and context of imprinting,” Biological Reviews 41, pp. 177–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bateson, W. (1894). Materials for the Study of Variation Treated with Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species (London: Macmillan).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauer, R. H. (1993). “Lateralization of neural control for vocalization by the frog (Rana pipiens),” Psychobiology 21, pp. 243–248.Google Scholar
Bear, M. F., Connors, B. W., and Paradiso, M. A. (2001). Neuroscience: Exploring the brain (Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins).Google Scholar
Beck, B. B. (1980). Animal Tool Behavior: The use and manufacture of tools by animals (New York, NY: Garland STPM Press).Google Scholar
Beck, C. B. (1976). Origin and Early Evolution of Angiosperms (New York, NY: Columbia University Press).Google Scholar
Bednekoff, P. A. and Balda, R. P. (1996). “Social caching and observational spatial memory in Pinyon Jays,” Behaviour 133, pp. 807–826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekoff, M., Allen, C., and Burghardt, G. M. (eds) (2002). The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and theoretical perspectives on animal cognition (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/London: Bradford Books).
Bellugi, U. and Klima, E. S. (1978). “Two faces of sign: Iconic and abstract,” Annals of the New York Academy of Science 280, pp. 514–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belyaev, D. K. (1969). “Domestication of animals,” Science Journal, January, pp. 47–52.Google Scholar
Bercovitch, F. B. (1988). “Coalitions, cooperation and reproductive tactics among adult male baboons,” Animal Behavavior 36, pp. 1198–1209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergman, T. J., Beehner, J. C., Cheney, D. L., and Seyfarth, R. M. (2003). “Hierarchical classification by rank and kinship in baboons,” Science 302, pp. 1234–1236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergstrom, C. T. and Lachmann, M. (1998a). “Signalling among relatives I: Is costly signalling too costly?,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (London) 352, pp. 609–617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergstrom, C. T. and Lachmann, M. (1998b). “Signalling among relatives III: Talk is cheap,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 95, pp. 5100–5105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlinski, D. (2001). The Advent of the Algorithm: The 300-year journey from an idea to the computer (San Diego, CA: Harcourt).Google Scholar
Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Arsuaga, J. L., Carbonell, E., Rosas, A., Martínez, I., and Mosquera, M. (1997). “A Hominid from the Lower Pleistocene of Atapuerca, Spain: Possible ancestor to Neandertals and modern humans,” Science 276, pp. 1392–1395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernstein, L. (1981). The Unanswered Question: Six talks at Harvard (Charles Eliot Norton lectures) (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Berntson, G. G., Boysen, S. T., Bauer, H. R., and Torello, M. S. (1990). “Conspecific screams and laughter: Cardiac and behavioral reactions of infant chimpanzees,” Developmental Psychobiology 22, pp. 771–787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berthier, M. (1999). Transcortical Aphasias (London: Psychology Press).Google Scholar
Berwick, R. C. (1997). “Syntax facit saltum: Computation and the genotype and phenotype of language,” Journal of Neurolinguistics 10, pp. 231–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berwick, R. C. (1998). “Language evolution and the Minimalist Program: The origins of syntax,” in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C. (New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 320–340).Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1981). Roots of Language (Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma Press).Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1984). “The language bioprogram hypothesis,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7, pp. 173–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1990). Language and Species (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press).Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1995). Language and Human Behavior (Seattle: University of Washington Press).Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1998). “Catastrophic evolution: The case for a single step from protolanguage to full human language,” in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 341–358).Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2000). “How protolanguage became language,” in The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social function and the origins of linguistic form, ed. Knight, C., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Hurford, J. R. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 264–284).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2003). “Symbol and structure: A comprehensive framework for language evolution,” in Language Evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. and Kirby, S. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 77–94).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2007). “Language evolution: A brief guide for linguists,” Lingua 117, pp. 510–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bienenstock, E. (1995). “A model of neocortex,” Network: Computation inNeural Systems 6, pp. 179–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bisazza, A., Rogers, L. J., and Vallortigara, G. (1998). “The origins of cerebral asymmetry: A review of evidence of behavioural and brain lateralization in fishes, reptiles and amphibians,” Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 22, pp. 411–426.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bisazza, A., Rogers, L. J., and Vallortigara, G. (1999). “Possible evolutionary origins of cognitive brain lateralization,” Brain Research Reviews 30, pp. 164–175.Google Scholar
Blackmore, S. J. (2000). The Meme Machine (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Blevins, J. (2004). Evolutionary Phonology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blevins, J. (2006). “A theoretical synopsis of evolutionary phonology,” Theoretical Linguistics 32, pp. 117–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloom, P. (2000). How Children Learn the Meanings of Words (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston).Google Scholar
Blumenthal, P. J. (2003). Kaspar Hausers Geschwister (Munich: Piper Verlag).Google Scholar
Boë, L.-J., Heim, J.-L., Honda, K., and Maeda, S. (2002). “The potential Neandertal vowel space was as large as that of modern humans,” Journal of Phonetics 30, pp. 465–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesch, C. (1991). “Teaching among wild chimpanzees,” Animal Behavavior 41, pp. 530–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesch, C. and Boesch, H. (1983). “Optimization of nut-cracking in wild chimpanzees,” Behaviour 83, pp. 265–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesch, C. and Boesch-Achermann, H. (2000). The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Boetius, A. (2005). “Microfauna–macrofauna interaction in the seafloor: Lessons from a tubeworm,” PLos Biology 3, pp. 375–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolhuis, J. J. (1991). “Mechanisms of avian imprinting: A review,” Biological Reviews 66, pp. 303–345.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonner, J. T. (1983). The Evolution of Culture in Animals (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Bookheimer, S. (2002). “Functional MRI of language: New approaches to understanding the cortical organization of semantic processing,” Annual Review of Neuroscience 25, pp. 151–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boroditsky, L. (2003). “Linguistic relativity,” in Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, ed. Nadel, L. (London: MacMillan, pp. 917–921).Google Scholar
Borsley, R. D. (1996). Modern Phrase Structure Grammar (Oxford: Blackwell).Google Scholar
Borst, A. (1957). Der Turmbau von Babel: Geschicte der Meinungen über Urspring und Vielfalt der Sprachen und Völker (Stuttgart: A. Hiersemann).Google Scholar
Bosma, J. and Lind, J. (1965). “Cry motions of the newborn infant,” Acta Paediatrica Scandanavica Suppl 163, pp. 61–92.Google Scholar
Botha, R. P. (2008). “On modelling prelinguistic evolution in early hominins,” Language & Communication 28, pp. 258–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botha, R. P. (2009). “On musilanguage/‘Hmmmmm’ as an evolutionary precursor to language,” Language & Communication 29, pp. 61–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botha, R. P. (2003). Unravelling the Evolution of Language (New York, NY: Elsevier).Google Scholar
Bowden, D., Winter, P., and Ploog, D. W. (1967). “Pregnancy and delivery behavior in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and other primates,” Folia Primatologica 5, pp. 1–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowler, P. J. (2003). Evolution: The history of an idea (Berkely, CA: University of California Press).Google Scholar
Bowles, A. E., Young, W. G., and Asper, E. D. (1988). “Ontogeny of stereotyped calling of a killer whale calf, Orcinus orca, during her first year,” Rit Fiskideildar 11, pp. 251–275.Google Scholar
Bowles, R. L. (1889). “Observations upon the mammalian pharynx, with especial reference to the epiglottis,” Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, London 23, pp. 606–615.Google ScholarPubMed
Boyd, R. and Richerson, P. J. (1983). “The cultural transmission of acquired variation: Effects on genetic fitness,” Journal of Theoretical Biology 58, pp. 567–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, R. and Richerson, P. J. (1985). Culture and the Evolutionary Process (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Boyd, R. and Richerson, P. J. (1988). “The evolution of reciprocity in sizeable groups,” Journal of Theoretical Biology 132, pp. 337–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, R. and Richerson, P. J. (1992). “Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups,” Ethology and Sociobiology 13, pp. 171–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, R. and Richerson, P. J. (1996). “Why culture is common but cultural evolution is rare,” Proceedings of the British Academy 88, pp. 77–93.Google Scholar
Boysen, S. T. (1997). “Representation of quantities by apes,” Advances in the Study of Behavior 26, pp. 435–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradbury, J. W. (2001). “Vocal communication of wild parrots,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115, p. 2373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradbury, J. W. and Andersson, M. B. (eds) (1987). Sexual Selection: Testing the alternatives (Berlin: Springer-Verlag).
Bradbury, J. W. and Vehrencamp, S. L. (1998). Principles of Animal Communication (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates).Google Scholar
Bradshaw, J. L. and Rodgers, L. J. (1993). The Evolution of Lateral Asymmetries: Language, Tool Use, and Intellect (San Diego, CA: Academic Press).Google Scholar
Braitenberg, V. (1977). On the Texture of Brains (New York, NY: Springer-Verlag).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bramble, D. M. and Carrier, D. R. (1983). “Running and breathing in mammals,” Science 219, pp. 251–256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bramble, D. M. and Lieberman, D. E. (2004). “Endurance running and the evolution of Homo,” Nature 432, pp. 345–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brandon, R. N. (1990). Adaptation and Natural Selection (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Brentari, D. (1996). “Sign language phonology,” in The Handbook of Phonological Theory, ed. Goldsmith, J. A. (Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 615–639).Google Scholar
Brentari, D. (1998). A Prosodic Model of Sign Language Phonology (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Bresnan, J. (2001). Lexical–Functional Syntax (Oxford: Blackwell).Google Scholar
Breuer, T., Ndoundou-Hockemba, M., and Fishlock, V. (2006). “First observation of tool use in wild gorillas,” PLOS Biology 3, p. e380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briscoe, T. (ed.) (2002). Linguistic Evolution through Language Acquisition: Formal and computational models (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRef
Briscoe, T. (2003). “Grammatical assimilation,” in Language Evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. and Kirby, S. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 295–316).CrossRef
Brockelman, W. Y. and Schilling, D. (1984). “Inheritance of stereotyped gibbon calls,” Nature 312, pp. 634–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brosch, M., Selezneva, E., Bucks, C., and Scheich, H. (2004). “Macaque monkeys discriminate pitch relationships,” Cognition 91, pp. 259–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brotherton, P. N. M. and Komers, P. E. (2003). “Mate guarding and the evolution of social monogamy in mammals,” in Monogamy: Mating strategies and partnerships in birds, humans and other mammals, ed. Reichard, U. H. and Boesch, C. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 42–58).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browman, C. and Goldstein, L. (1986). “Towards an articulatory phonology,” Phonology Yearbook 3, pp. 219–252.Google Scholar
Browman, C. and Goldstein, L. (1989). “Articulatory gestures as phonological units,” Phonology 6, pp. 201–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browman, C. and Goldstein, L. (1992). “Articulatory phonology: An overview,” Phonetica 49, pp. 155–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, J. L. (1978). “Avian communal breeding systems,” Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics 9, pp. 123–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, R. (1973). A First Language: The early stages (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S. (2000). “The ‘Musilanguage’ model of music evolution,” in The Origins of Music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 271–300.Google Scholar
Brunet, M., Guy, F., Pilbeam, D., Lieberman, D. E., Likius, A., Leon, M. P. D., Zollikofer, C., and Vignaud, P. (2005). “New material of the earliest hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad,” Nature 434, pp. 752–755.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bshary, R., Wickler, W., and Fricke, H. (2002). “Fish cognition: A primate's eye view,” Animal Cognition 5, pp. 1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bugnyar, T. (2007). “An integrative approach to the study of ‘theory-of-mind’-like abilities in ravens,” The Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology 57, pp. 15–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bugnyar, T. and Heinrich, B. (2005). “Ravens, Corvus corax, differentiate between knowledgable and ignorant competitors,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B 272, pp. 1641–1646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bugnyar, T., Stöwe, M., and Heinrich, B. (2004). “Ravens, Corvus corax, follow gaze direction of humans around obstacles,” Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 271, pp. 1331–1336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burling, R. (2005). The Talking Ape: How language evolved (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Burnet, J. (1967 [1773]). Of the Origin and Progress of Language (Menston: Scholar Press).Google Scholar
Burnstein, D. D. and Wolff, P. C. (1967). “Vocal conditioning in the guinea pig,” Psychonomic Science 8, pp. 39–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burt, A. and Trivers, R. L. (2006). Genes in Conflict: The biology of selfish genetic elements (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, D. and Ettlinger, G. (1960). “Cross-modal transfer of training in monkeys,” Nature 186, pp. 1071–1072.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buss, D. M. (1994). The Evolution of Desire (New York: Basic Books).Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., Haselton, M. G., Shackelford, T. K., Bleske, A. L., and Wakefield, J. C. (1998). “Adaptations, exaptations, and spandrels,” American Psychologist 53, pp. 533–548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bybee, J. L. (1998). “A functionalist approach to grammar and its evolution,” Evolution of Communication 2, pp. 249–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bybee, J. L. and Hopper, P. (eds) (2001). Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure (Amsterdam: John Benjamins).CrossRef
Byrne, R. W. (1997). “Machiavellian intelligence,” Evolutionary Anthropology 5, pp. 172–180.3.0.CO;2-H>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, R. W. and Bates, L. A. (2006). “Why are animals cognitive,” Current Biology 16, pp. 445–448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Byrne, R. W. and Russon, A. E. (1998). “Learning by imitation: A hierarchical approach,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, pp. 667–684.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Byrne, R. W. and Whiten, A. (1988). Machiavellian Intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes and humans (Oxford: Clarendon Press).Google Scholar
Call, J., Braueur, J., Kaminski, J., and Tomasello, M. (2003). “Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are sensitive to the attentional state of humans,” Journal of Comparative Psychology 117, pp. 257–263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Call, J. and Tomasello, M. (2007). The Gestural Communication of Apes and Monkeys (London: Lawrence Erlbaum).Google Scholar
Calvin, W. H. (2003). A Brain for All Seasons (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Calvin, W. H. and Bickerton, D. (2000). Lingua Ex Machina: Reconciling Darwin with the human brain (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Cameron, D. W. (2004). Hominid Adaptations and Extinctions (Sydney: University of New South Wales Press).Google Scholar
Camper, P. (1779). “Account of the organs of speech of the Orang Outang,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 69, pp. 139–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cangelosi, A. and Parisi, D. (eds) (2002). Simulating the Evolution of Language (New York, NY: Springer).CrossRef
Cann, R. L., Stoneking, M., and Wilson, A. C. (1987). “Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution,” Nature 325, pp. 31–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caplan, D. (1987). Neurolinguistics and Linguistic Aphasiology (New York, NY: McGraw Hill).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caramazza, A. and Zurif, E. B. (1976). “Dissociation of algorithmic and heuristic processes in language comprehension: Evidence from aphasi,” Brain and Language 3, pp. 572–582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, S. (1978). “The child as word learner,” in Linguistic Theory and Psychological Reality, ed. Halle, M., Bresnan, J., and Miller, G. A. (Cambridge., MA: MIT Press, pp. 264–293).Google Scholar
Carlsson, P. and Mahlapuu, M. (2002). “Forkhead transcription factors: Key players in development and metabolism,” Developmental Biology 250, pp. 1–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carnie, A. (2002). Syntax: A generative introduction (Oxford: Blackwell).Google Scholar
Carrano, M. T. (2000). “Homoplasy and the evolution of dinosaur locomotion,” Paleobiology 26, pp. 489–512.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carré, R., Lindblom, B., and MacNeilage, P. (1995). “Acoustic factors in the evolution of the human vocal tract,” Compte Rendu Academie des Sciences, Paris, IIb 320, pp. 471–476.Google Scholar
Carrier, D. R. (1984). “The energetic paradox of human running and hominid evolution,” Current Anthropology 25, pp. 483–495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, S. B. (2000). “Endless forms: The evolution of gene regulation and morphological diversity,” Cell 101, pp. 577–580.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, S. B. (2003). “Genetics and the making of Homo sapiens,” Nature 422, pp. 849–857.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, S. B. (2005a). Endless Forms Most Beautiful (New York, NY: W. W. Norton).Google Scholar
Carroll, S. B. (2005b). “Evolution at two levels: On genes and form,” PLOS Biology 3, p. e245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, S. B. (2006). The Making of the Fittest: DNA and the ultimate forensic record of evolution (New York, NY: W. W. Norton).Google Scholar
Carroll, S. B., Grenier, J. K., and Weatherbee, S. D. (2001). From DNA to Diversity: Molecular genetics and the evolution of animal design (Malden, MA: Blackwell Science).Google Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (1998). “Synonymy avoidance, phonology, and the origin of syntax,” in Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and cognitive bases, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 279–296).Google Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (1999). The Origins of Complex Language (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Carterette, E. C., Shipley, C., and Buchwald, J. S. (1984). “On synthesizing animal speech: The case of the cat,” in Electronic Speech Synthesis: Techniques, technology, and applications, ed. Bristow, G. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, pp. 292–302).Google Scholar
Cartmill, E. A. and Byrne, R. W. (2007). “Orangutans modify their gestural signaling according to their audience's comprehension,” Current Biology 17, pp. 1345–1348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Catchpole, C. K. (1980). “Sexual selection and the evolution of complex songs among warblers of the genus Acrocephalus,” Behaviour 74, pp. 149–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catchpole, C. K. and Slater, P. L. B. (1995). Bird Song: Themes and variations (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (1997). “Genes, peoples, and languages,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94, pp. 7719–7724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cela-Conde, C. J. and Ayala, F. J. (2003). “Genera of the human lineage,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100, pp. 7684–7689.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chappell, J. and Kacelnik, A. (2002). “Tool selectivity in a non-primate, the New Caledonian crow (Corvus moneduloides),” Animal Cognition 5, pp. 71–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charlton, B. D., Reby, D., and McComb, K. (2008). “Effect of combined source F0 and filter (formant) variation on red deer hind responses to male roars,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, pp. 2936–2943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charrier, I., Mathevon, N., and Jouventin, P. (2001). “Mother's voice recognition by seal pups,” Nature 412, p. 873.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheney, D. L. and Seyfarth, R. M. (1980). “Vocal recognition in free-ranging vervet monkeys,” Animal Behavavior 28, pp. 362–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheney, D. L. and Seyfarth, R. M. (1985). “Vervet monkey alarm calls: Manipulation through shared information?,” Behaviour 94, pp. 150–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheney, D. L. and Seyfarth, R. M. (1988). “Assessment of meaning and the detection of unreliable signals by vervet monkeys,” Animal Behavavior 36, pp. 477–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheney, D. L. and Seyfarth, R. M. (1990a). “Attending to behaviour versus attending to knowledge: Examining monkeys' attribution of mental states,” Animal Behavavior 40, pp. 742–753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheney, D. L. and Seyfarth, R. M. (1990b). How Monkeys See the World: Inside the mind of another species (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press).Google Scholar
Cheney, D. L. and Seyfarth, R. M. (1998). “Why monkeys don't have language,” in The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, ed. Petersen, G. (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press).Google Scholar
Cheney, D. L. and Seyfarth, R. M. (2007). Baboon Metaphysics: The evolution of a social mind (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiba, T. and Kajiyama, M. (1941). The Vowel: Its nature and structure (Tokyo: Tokyo-Kaiseikan).Google Scholar
,Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium, The (2005). “Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome,” Nature 437, pp. 69–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, C. (1969). The Acquisition of Syntax in Children from 5 to 10 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1956). “Three models for the description of language,” I.R.E. Transactions on Information Theory IT-2, pp. 113–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures (The Hague: Mouton).Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1959). “Review of ‘Verbal Behavior’ by B. F. Skinner,” Language 35, pp. 26–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1975a). Reflections on Language (New York, NY: Pantheon).Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1975b). The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory (New York, NY: Plenum Press).Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1980). Rules and Representations (Oxford: Blackwell).Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1986). Knowledge of Language: Its nature, origin, and use (Westport, CT: Praeger).Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1988). Language and Problems of Knowledge: The Managua lectures (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1990). “On formalization and formal linguistics,” Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 8, pp. 143–147.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1995). The Minimalist Program (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (2005). “Three factors in language design,” Linguistic Inquiry 36, pp. 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (2010). “Some simple evo devo theses: How true might they be for language?,” in The Evolution of Human Language: Biolinguistic perspectives, ed. Larson, R., Deprez, V., and Yamakido, H. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. and Halle, M. (1968). The Sound Pattern of English (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. and Miller, G. A. (1963). “Introduction to the formal analysis of natural languages,” in Handbook of Mathematical Psychology, ed. Luce, R. D., Bush, R. R., and Galanter, E. (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 269–322).Google Scholar
Christiansen, M. and Chater, N. (2008). “Language as shaped by the brain,” Behavioral & Brain Sciences 31, pp. 489–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christiansen, M. and Kirby, S. (2003). “Language evolution: Consensus and controversies,” Trends in Cogntive Science 7, pp. 300–307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clack, J. A. (1992). “The stapes of Acanthostega gunnari and the role of the stapes in early tetrapods,” in The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, ed. Webster, D. B., Fay, R. F., and Popper, A. N. (New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, pp. 405–420).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clack, J. A. (1994). “The earliest known tetrapod braincase and the evolution of the stapes and fenstra ovalis,” Nature 369, pp. 392–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clack, J. A. (1997). “The evolution of tetrapod ears and the fossil record,” Brain Behavior and Evolution 50, pp. 198–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, A. G., Glanowski, S., Nielsen, R., Thomas, P. D., Kejariwal, A., Todd, M. A., Tanenbaum, D. M., Civello, D., Lu, F., Murphy, B., Ferriera, S., Wang, G., Zheng, X., White, T. J., Sninsky, J. J., Adams, M. D., and Cargill, M. (2003). “Inferring nonneutral evolution from human-chimp-mouse orthologous gene trios,” Science 302, pp. 1960–1963.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, C. W., Borsani, J. F., and Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, G. (2002). “Vocal activity of fin whales, Balaenoptera physalus, in the Ligurian Sea,” Marine Mammal Science 18, pp. 286–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, D. A., Mitra, P. P., and Wang, S. S. (2001). “Scalable architecture in mammalian brains,” Nature 411, pp. 189–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, E. V. (1987). “The principle of contrast: A constraint on language acquisition,” in Mechanisms of Language Acquisition, ed. MacWhinney, B. (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 1–33).Google Scholar
Clark, G. (1971). World Prehistory: A new outline (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Clarke, E., Reichard, U. H., and Zuberbühler, K. (2006). “The syntax and meaning of wild gibbon calls,” PLOS ONE 1, p. e73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, M. R. L. (1996). “Free rhythm: Ethnomusicology and the study of music without metre,” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 59, pp. 323–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, N. S., Bussey, T. J., and Dickinson, A. (2003a). “Can animals recall the past and plan for the future?,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 4, pp. 685–691.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clayton, N. S. and Dickinson, A. D. (1998). “Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays,” Nature 395, pp. 272–278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clayton, N. S., Yu, K. S., and Dickinson, A. (2003b). “Interacting cache memories: Evidence of flexible memory use by scrub jays,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 29, pp. 14–22.Google ScholarPubMed
Clegg, M. and Aiello, L. C. (2000). “Paying the price of speech? An analysis of mortality statistics for choking on food,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 111, p. 126.Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H. (1991). The Evolution of Parental Care (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H. and Harvey, P. H. (1980). “Primates, brains and ecology,” Journal of Zoology (London) 207, pp. 151–169.Google Scholar
Coates, M. I. and Clack, J. A. (1990). “Polydactyly in the earliest known tetrapod limbs,” Nature 347, pp. 66–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coates, M. I. and Clack, J. A. (1991). “Fish-like gills and breathing in the earliest known tetrapod,” Nature 352, pp. 234–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, M., Chorover, S. L., and Ettlinger, G. (1961). “Cross-modal transfer in man,” Nature 191, pp. 1225–1226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, R. L. (1970). “The sound of one paw clapping: An inquiry into the origins of left handedness,” in Contributions to Behavior-Genetic Analysis: The mouse as a prototype, ed. Lindzey, G. and Thiessen, D. D. (New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Croft, pp. 115–136).Google Scholar
Condillac, É. B. d. (1971 [1747]). Essai sur l'origine des connaissances humaines (Gainesville, FL: Scholar's Facsimiles and Reprints).Google Scholar
Connor, R. C. and Peterson, D. M. (1994). The Lives of Whales and Dolphins (New York, NY: Henry Holt).Google Scholar
Cope, D. (1996). Experiments in Musical Intelligence (Madison: WI: A-R Editions).Google Scholar
Coppens, Y. (1994). “East Side Story: The origin of humankind,” Scientific American May, pp. 88–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coqueugniot, H., Hublin, J.-J., Veillon, F., Houët, F., and Jacob, T. (2004). “Early brain growth in Homo erectus and implications for cognitive ability,” Nature 431, pp. 299–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corballis, M. C. (1983). Human Laterality (New York, NY: Academic Press).Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (1991). The Lopsided Ape (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (2002a). “Did language evolve from manual gestures?,” in The Transition to Language, ed. Wray, A. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 161–179).Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (2002b). From Hand to Mouth: The origins of language (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (2003). “From hand to mouth: The gestural origins of language,” in Language Evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. and Kirby, S. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 201–218).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coutinho, C. C., Fonseca, R. N., Mansurea, J. J. C., and Borojevic, R. (2003). “Early steps in the evolution of multicellularity: Deep structural and functional homologies among homeobox genes in sponges and higher metazoans,” Mechanisms of Development 120, pp. 429–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cracraft, J. and Donoghue, M. J. (eds) (2004). Assembling the Tree of Life (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Crain, S. (1991). “Language acquisition in the absence of experience,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14, pp. 597–650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crelin, E. (1987). The Human Vocal Tract (New York, NY: Vantage Press).Google Scholar
Crockford, C., Herbinger, I., Vigilant, L., and Boesch, C. (2004). “Wild chimpanzees produce group-specific calls: A case for vocal learning?,” Ethology 110, pp. 221–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Croft, W. and Cruse, D. A. (2003). Cognitive Linguistics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Cross, I. (2003). “Music, cognition, culture and evolution,” in The Cognitive Neuroscience of Music, ed. Peretz, I. and Zatorre, R. J. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 42–56).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crothers, J. (1978). “Typology and universals of vowel systems,” in Universals of Human Language, ed. Greenberg, J., Ferguson, C. A., and Moravcsik, E. A. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 93–152).Google Scholar
Crystal, D. (2002). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Curio, E. (1978). “The adaptive significance of avian mobbing I: Teleonomic hypotheses and predictions,” Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 48, pp. 175–183.Google Scholar
Curio, E., Ernst, V., and Vieth, W. (1978). “Cultural transmission of enemy recognition: One function of mobbing,” Science 202, pp. 899–901.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curtis, S. (1977). Genie: A psycholinguistic study of a modern-day “wild child” (New York, NY: Academic Press).Google Scholar
Cutting, J. E. (1982). “Plucks and bows are categorically perceived, sometimes,” Perception & Psychophysics 31, pp. 462–476.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cutting, J. E. and Rosner, B. S. (1974). “Category boundaries in speech and music,” Perception & Psychophysics 16, pp. 564–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dart, R. A. (1925). “Australopithecus africanus: The ape-man of South Africa,” Nature 115, pp. 195–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darwin, C. (1859). On the Origin of Species (London: John Murray).Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1871). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (London: John Murray).Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1872a). On the Origin of Species (London: John Murray).Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1872b). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (London: John Murray).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darwin, C. (1875). The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication (London: John Murray).Google Scholar
Daumer, G. F. (1873). Kaspar Hauser: Sein Wesen, seine Unschuld (Leipaig: Dornach).Google Scholar
Davenport, R. K. and Rogers, C. M. (1970). “Intermodal equivalence of stimuli in apes,” Science 168, pp. 279–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, I. and Noble, W. (1993). “Tools and language in human evolution,” in Tools, Language and Cognition in Human Evolution, ed. by Gibson, K. R. and Ingold, T.. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 363–388).Google Scholar
Davis, H. (1992). “Transitive inference in rats (Rattus norvegicus),” Journal of Comparative Psychology 106, pp. 342–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, M. (1958). Computability and Unsolvability (New Yorl, NY: McGraw-Hill).Google Scholar
Davis, M. (ed.) (1965). The Undecidable: Basic papers on undecidable propositions, unsolvable problems and computable functions (Hewlett, NY: Raven Press).
Dawkins, R. (1976). The Selfish Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. (1986). The Blind Watchmaker (New York, NY: W.W. Norton).Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. (2004). The Ancestor's Tale (New York, NY: W. W. Norton).Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. and Krebs, J. R. (1978). “Animal signals: Information or manipulation?,” in Behavioural Ecology, ed. Krebs, J. R. and Davies, N. B. (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 282–309).Google Scholar
Day, M. H. and Williams, E. H. (1980). “Laetoli Pliocene hominid footprints and bipedalism,” Nature 286, pp. 385–387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1984). “Connections of the inferior periarcuate area in the brain of Macaca fascicularis: An experimental and comparative investigation of language circuitry and its evolution.” Unpublished PhD thesis, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Deacon, T. W. (1990a). “Fallacies of progression in theories of brain-size evolution,” International Journal of Primatology 11, pp. 193–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1990b). “Problems of ontogeny and phylogeny in brain-size evolution,” International Journal of Primatology 11, pp. 237–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1992). “The neural circuitry underlying primate calls and human language,” in Language Origins: A multidisciplinary approach, ed. Wind, J., Chiarelli, B. A., Bichakjian, B., and Nocentini, A. (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, pp. 301–323).Google Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1997). The Symbolic Species: The co-evolution of language and the brain (New York, NY: Norton).Google Scholar
Deaner, R. O., Nunn, C. L., and Schaik, C. P. (2000). “Comparative tests of primate cognition: Different scaling methods produce different results,” Brain Behavior and Evolution 55, pp. 44–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beer, G. (1971). Homology: An unsolved problem (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Boer, B. (2001). The Origins of Vowel Systems (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Dediu, D. and Ladd, D. R. (2007). “Linguistic tone is related to the population frequency of the adaptive haplogroups of two brain size genes, ASPM and Microcephalin,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, pp. 10944–10949.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeGusta, D., Gilbert, W. H., and Turner, S. P. (1999). “Hypoglossal canal size and hominid speech,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 96, pp. 1800–1804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dehaene, S. (1997). The Number Sense (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Demski, L. S. and Gerald, J. W. (1974). “Sound production and other behavioral effects of midbrain stimulation in free-swimming toadfish Opsanus beta,” Brain, Behavior and Evolution 9, pp. 41–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dennett, D. C. (1983). “Intentional systems in cognitive ethology: The ‘Panglossian paradigm’ defended,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6, pp. 343–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1991). Consciousness Explained (Boston, MA: Little, Brown).Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1995). Darwin's Dangerous Idea (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster).Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1996). Kinds of Minds (New York, NY: Basic Books).Google Scholar
Robertis, E. M. and Sasai, Y. (1996). “A common plan for dorsoventral patterning in Bilateria,” Nature 380, pp. 37–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Errico, F. (2003). “The invisible frontier: A multiple-species model for the origin of behavioral modernity,” Evolutionary Anthropology 12, pp. 188–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D'Errico, F., Villa, P., Llona, A. C. P., and Idarraga, R. R. (1998). “A Middle Palaeolithic origin of music? Using cave-bear bone accumulations to assess the Divje Babe I bone ‘flute,’Antiquity 72, pp. 65–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dessalles, J.-L. (1998). “Altruism, status and the origin of relevance,” in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 130–147).Google Scholar
Dessalles, J.-L. (2000). “Language and hominid politics,” in The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social function and the origins of linguistic form, ed. Knight, C., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Hurford, J. R. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 62–80).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devlin, A. M., Cross, J. H., Harkness, W., Chong, W. K., Harding, B., Vargha-Khadem, F., and Neville, B. G. R. (2003). “Clinical outcomes of hemispherectomy for epilepsy in childhood and adolescence,” Brain 126, pp. 556–566.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waal, F. B. M. (1989). Peacemaking Among Primates (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Waal, F. B. M. (1988). “The communicative repertoire of captive bonobos (Pan paniscus), compared to that of chimpanzees,” Behaviour 106, pp. 183–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, J. (1992). The Third Chimpanzee (New York, NY: HarperCollins).Google Scholar
Diamond, J. (1997). Guns, Germs and Steel (New York, NY: W. W. Norton).Google Scholar
Dissanayake, E. (1992). Homo Aestheticus: Where art comes from and why (New York, NY: Free Press).Google Scholar
Dissanayake, E. (2000). “Antecedents of the temporal arts in early mother–infant interaction,” in The Origins of Music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 389–410).Google Scholar
Dobzhansky, T. (1973). “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution,” American Biology Teacher 35, pp. 125–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donald, M. (1991). Origins of the Modern Mind (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Donald, M. (1998). “Mimesis and the executive suite: Missing links in language evolution,” in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 44–67).Google Scholar
Dorsaint-Pierre, R., Penhune, V. B., Watkins, K. E., Neelin, P., Lerch, J. P., Bouffard, M., and Zatorre, R. J. (2006). “Asymmetries of the planum temporale and Heschl's gyrus: Relationship to language lateralization,” Brain 129, pp. 1164–1176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doupe, A. J. and Kuhl, P. K. (1999). “Birdsong and human speech: Common themes and mechanisms,” Annual Review of Neuroscience 22, pp. 567–631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drayna, D., Manichaikul, A., Lange, M., Snieder, H., and Spector, T. (2001). “Genetic correlates of musical pitch recognition in humans,” Science 291, pp. 1969–1972.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dronkers, N. F. and Baldo, J. V. (2001). “Neural basis of speech production,” in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, ed. Smelser, N. J. and Baltes, P. B. (Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 14875–14879).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubois, E. (1897). “Sur le rapport du poids de l'encéphale avec la grandeur du corps chez mammifères,” Bulletin et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 8, pp. 337–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubois, E. (1898). “Abstract of remarks on the brain-cast of Pithecanthropus erectus,” Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 33, pp. 273–276.Google Scholar
DuBrul, E. L. (1958). Evolution of the Speech Apparatus (Springfield, IL: Thomas).Google Scholar
DuBrul, E. L. (1962). “The general phenomenon of bipedalism,” American Zoologist 2, pp. 205–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duchin, L. E. (1990). “The evolution of articulate speech: Comparative anatomy of the oral cavity in Pan and Homo,” Journal of Human Evolution 19, pp. 684–695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dudley, H. and Tarnoczy, T. H. (1950). “The speaking machine of Wolfgang von Kempelen,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 22, pp. 151–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dugatkin, L. A. (1993). “Sexual selection and imitation: Females copy the mate choice of others,” American Naturalist 139, pp. 1384–1389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1992). “Neocortex size as a constraint on group size in primates,” Journal of Human Evolution 20, pp. 469–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1993). “Coevolution of neocortical size, group size and language in humans,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16, pp. 681–735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1996). Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1998). “Theory of mind and the evolution of language,” in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 92–110).Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1999). “Culture, honesty and the Free Rider Problem,” in The Evolution of Culture, ed. Dunbar, R. I. M., Knight, C., and Power, C.. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 194–213).Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (2003). “The origin and subsequent evolution of language,” in Language Evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. and Kirby, S. (Oxford: Oxford Unviersity Press, pp. 219–234).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunford, C. (1977). “Kin selection for ground squirrel alarm calls,” American Naturalist 111, pp. 782–785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durham, W. (1991). Coevolution: Genes, culture, & human diversity (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press).Google Scholar
Eaton, R. L. (1979). “A beluga whale imitates human speech,” Carnivore 2, pp. 22–23.Google Scholar
Edelman, G. M. (1987). Neural Darwinism: The theory of neuronal group selection (New York, NY: Basic Books).Google Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1970). Ethology: The biology of behavior (New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston).Google Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1973). “The expressive behaviour of the deaf- and blind-born,” in Social Communication and Movement, ed. Von. Cranach, M. and Vine, J. (London: Academic, pp. 163–194).Google Scholar
Ekman, P. (1992). “Facial expressions of emotion: An old controversy and new findings,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 335, pp. 63–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekman, P. and Friesen, W. V. (1975). Unmasking the Face (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).Google Scholar
Elder, J. H. (1934). “Auditory acuity of the chimpanzee,” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 17, pp. 157–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elowson, A. M., Snowdon, C. T., and Lazaro-Perea, C. (1998a). “‘Babbling’ and social context in infant monkeys: Parallels to human infants,” Trends in Cognitive Science 2, pp. 31–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elowson, A. M., Snowdon, C. T., and Lazaro-Perea, C. (1998b). “Infant ‘babbling’ in a nonhuman primate: Complex vocal sequences with repeated call types,” Behaviour 135, pp. 643–664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emery, N. J. and Clayton, N. S. (2001). “Effects of experience and social context on prospective caching strategies in scrub jays,” Nature 414, pp. 443–446.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emery, N. J. and Clayton, N. S. (2004). “The mentality of crows: Convergent evolution of intelligence in corvids and apes,” Science 306, pp. 1903–1907.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emlen, S. T. and Oring, L. W. (1977). “Ecology, sexual selection and the evolution of mating systems,” Science 197, pp. 215–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emmorey, K. (2002). Language, Cognition and the Brain: Insights from sign language research (London: Lawrence Erlbaum).Google Scholar
Emmorey, K. (2005). “Sign languages are problematic for a gestural origins theory of language evolution,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, pp. 130–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enard, W., Gehre, S., Hammerschmidt, K., Holter, S. M., Blass, T., Somel, M. et al., (2009). “A humanized version of Foxp2 affects cortico-basal ganglia circuits in mice,” Cell 137(5), pp. 961–971.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enard, W., Przeworski, M., Fisher, S. E., Lai, C. S. L., Wiebe, V., Kitano, T., Monaco, A. P., and Paäbo, S. (2002). “Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language,” Nature 418, pp. 869–872.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Endler, J. A. (1986). “The newer synthesis? Some conceptual problems in evolutionary biology,” Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology 3, pp. 224–243.Google Scholar
Enquist, M. (1985). “Communication during aggressive interactions with particular reference to variation in choice of behaviour,” Animal Behavior 33, pp. 1152–1161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enquist, M. and Leimar, O. (1993). “The evolution of cooperation in mobile organisms,” Animal Behavior 45, pp. 747–757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erwin, D. H. and Davidson, E. H. (2002). “The last common bilaterian ancestor,” Development 129, pp. 3021–3032.Google ScholarPubMed
Etcoff, N. L. and Magee, J. J. (1992). “Categorical perception of facial expressions,” Cognition 44, pp. 227–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ettlinger, G. and Blakemore, C. B. (1969). “Cross-modal transfer set in the monkey,” Neuropsychologia 7, pp. 41–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, C. S. and Evans, L. (2007). “Representational signalling in birds,” Biology Letters 3, pp. 8–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, C. S., Evans, L., and Marler, P. (1993). “On the meaning of alarm calls: Functional reference in an avian vocal system,” Animal Behavior 46, pp. 23–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, C. S. and Marler, P. (1994). “Food-calling and audience effects in male chickens, Gallus gallus: Their relationships to food availability, courtship and social facilitation,” Animal Behavior 47, pp. 1159–1170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, P. D., Anderson, J. R., Vallender, E. J., Gilbert, S. L., Malcom, C. M., Dorus, S., and Lahn, B. T. (2004). “Adaptive evolution of ASPM, a major determinant of cerebral cortical size in humans,” Human Molecular Genetics 13, pp. 489–494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, P. D., Gilbert, S. L., Mekel-Bobrov, N., Vallender, E. J., Anderson, J. R., Vaez-Azizi, L., Tishkoff, S. A., Hudson, R. R., and Lahn, B. T. (2005). “Microcephalin, a gene regulating brain size, continues to evolve adaptively in humans,” Science 309, pp. 1717–1720.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, W. E. and Bastian, J. R. (1969). “Marine mammal communication: Social and ecological factors,” in The Biology of Marine Mammals, ed. Andersen, H. T. (New York, NY: Academic Press, pp. 425–475).Google Scholar
Falk, D. (1975). “Comparative anatomy of the larynx in man and the chimpanzee: Implications for language in Neanderthal,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 43, pp. 123–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falk, D. (1980). “A reanalysis of the South African Australopithecine natural endocasts,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 53, pp. 525–539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falk, D. (1983). “Cerebral cortices of East African early hominids,” Science 221, pp. 1072–1074.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falk, D. (1987). “Hominid paleoneurology,” Annual Review of Anthropology 16, pp. 13–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falk, D. (2000). “Hominid brain evolution and the origins of music,” in The Origins of Music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 197–216).Google Scholar
Falk, D. (2004). “Prelinguistic evolution in early hominins: Whence motherese?,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, pp. 491–450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falk, D., Hildebolt, C., Smith, K., Morwood, M. J., Sutikna, T., Brown, P., Jatmiko, Saptomo, E. W., Brunsden, B., and Prior, F. (2005). “The Brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis,” Science 308, pp. 242–245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fant, G. (1960). Acoustic Theory of Speech Production (The Hague: Mouton).Google Scholar
Fant, G. (1975). “Non-uniform vowel normalization,” Speech Transactions Laboratory Quarterly Progress and Status Report 2–3, pp. 1–19.Google Scholar
Farrar, F. W. (1870). “Philology & Darwinism,” Nature 1, pp. 527–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrar, F. W. (1996). “On language,” in The Origin of Language, ed. Harris, R. (Bristol: Thoemmes Press, pp. 42–80).Google Scholar
Fay, D. and Cutler, A. (1977). “Malapropisms and the structure of the mental lexicon,” Linguistic Inquiry 8, pp. 505–520.Google Scholar
Feher, O., Mitra, P. P., Sasahara, K., and Tchernichovski, O. (2008). “Evolution of song culture in the zebra finch,” in The Evolution of Language: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference, ed. Smith, A., Smith, K., and Ferrer, R. i Cancho (Singapore: World Scientific Press, pp. 423–424).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman, M. W. and Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (1976). “Cultural and biological evolutionary processes, selection for a trait under complex transmission,” Theoretical Population Biology 9, pp. 238–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feldman, M. W. and Laland, K. N. (1996). “Gene-culture coevolutionary theory,” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11, pp. 453–457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernald, A. (1992). “Human maternal vocalizations to infants as biologically relevant signals: An evolutionary perspective,” in The Adapted Mind, ed. Barkow, J., Cosmides, L., and Tooby, J. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, pp. 391–428).Google Scholar
Ferrari, P. F., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., and Rizzolatti, G. (2001). “Mirror neurons for mouth actions in monkey ventral premotor cortex,” Society for Neurosciences Abstracts 27, No. 729.4.Google Scholar
Feuerbach, P. J. A. (1832). Kaspar Hauser: Beispiel eines Verbrechens am Seelenleben des Menschen (Ansbach: Dolfuss).Google Scholar
Ficken, M. S., Ficken, R. W., and Witkin, S. R. (1978). “Vocal repertoire of the black-capped chickadee,” Auk 95, pp. 34–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ficken, M. S. and Witkin, S. R. (1977). “Responses of black-capped chickadees to predators,” Auk 94, pp. 156–157.Google Scholar
Finlay, B. L. and Darlington, R. B. (1995). “Linked regularities in the development and evolution of mammalian brains,” Science 268, pp. 1578–1584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finlay, B. L., Darlington, R. B., and Nicastro, N. (2001). “Developmental structure in brain evolution,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, pp. 263–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Firth, J. R. (1930). Speech (London: Ernest Benn).Google Scholar
Firth, J. R. (1937). The Tongues of Men (London: Ernest Benn).Google Scholar
Fischer, J. (1998). “Barbary macaques categorize shrill barks into two call types,” Animal Behavioe 55, pp. 799–807.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, C. (2002). “The role of abstract syntactic knowledge in language acquisition: A reply to Tomasello (2000),” Cognition 82, pp. 259–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, R. A. (1930). The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection (Oxford: Clarendon Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, S. E. and DeFries, J. C. (2002). “Developmental dyslexia: Genetic dissection of a complex cognitive trait,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3, pp. 767–780.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, S. E., Vargha-Khadem, F., Watkins, K. E., Monaco, A. P., and Pembrey, M. E. (1998). “Localisation of a gene implicated in a severe speech and language disorder,” Nature Genetics 18, pp. 168–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (1994). Vocal tract length perception and the evolution of language (UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Michigan).Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (1997). “Vocal tract length and formant frequency dispersion correlate with body size in rhesus macaques,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102, pp. 1213–1222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitch, W. T.Acoustic exaggeration of size in birds by tracheal elongation: Comparative and theoretical analyses,” Journal of Zoology (London) 248, pp. 31–49.CrossRef
Fitch, W. T. (2000a). “Skull dimensions in relation to body size in nonhuman mammals: The causal bases for acoustic allometry,” Zoology 103, pp. 40–58.Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (2000b). “The evolution of speech: A comparative review,” Trends in Cognitive Science 4, pp. 258–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitch, W. T. (2000c). “The phonetic potential of nonhuman vocal tracts: Comparative cineradiographic observations of vocalizing animals,” Phonetica 57, pp. 205–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitch, W. T. (2002). “Comparative vocal production and the evolution of speech: Reinterpreting the descent of the larynx,” in The Transition to Language, ed. Wray, A. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 21–45).Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (2004a). “Kin selection and ‘mother tongues’: A neglected component in language evolution,” in Evolution of Communication Systems: A comparative approach, ed. Oller, D. K. and Griebel, U. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 275–296).Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (2004b). “Vocal production system: Evolution,” in MIT Encyclopedia of Communication Sciences and Disorders, ed. Kent, R. D. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 56–59).Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (2005a). “Protomusic and protolanguage as alternatives to protosign,” Behavioral & Brain Sciences 28, pp. 132–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (2005b). “The evolution of language: A comparative review,” Biology and Philosophy 20, pp. 193–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (2005c). “The evolution of music in comparative perspective,” in The Neurosciences and Music II: From perception to performance, ed. Avanzini, G., Lopez, L., Koelsch, S., and Majno, M. (New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences, pp. 29–49).Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (2006a). “Production of vocalizations in mammals,” in Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, ed. Brown, K. (Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 115–121).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (2006b). “The biology and evolution of music: A comparative perspective,” Cognition 100, pp. 173–215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitch, W. T. (2007). “Evolving meaning: The roles of kin selection, allomothering and paternal care in language evolution,” in Emergence of Communication and Language, ed. Lyon, C., Nehaniv, C., and Cangelosi, A. (New York, NY: Springer, pp. 29–51).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (2009). “Fossil cues to the evolution of speech,” in The Cradle of Language, ed. Botha, R. P. and Knight, C. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 112–134).Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. and Fritz, J. B. (2006). “Rhesus macaques spontaneously perceive formants in conspecific vocalizations,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, pp. 2132–2141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitch, W. T. and Giedd, J. (1999). “Morphology and development of the human vocal tract: A study using magnetic resonance imaging,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106, pp. 1511–1522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitch, W. T. and Hauser, M. D. (1998). “Differences that make a difference: Do locus equations result from physical principles that characterize all mammalian vocal tracts?,” Behavioral & Brain Sciences 21, pp. 264–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitch, W. T. and Hauser, M. D. (2002). “Unpacking ‘honesty’: Vertebrate vocal production and the evolution of acoustic signals,” in Acoustic Communication, ed. Simmons, A. M., Fay, R. F., and Popper, A. N. (New York, NY: Springer, pp. 65–137).Google Scholar
Fitch, W. T. and Hauser, M. D. (2004). “Computational constraints on syntactic processing in a nonhuman primate,” Science 303, pp. 377–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitch, W. T., Hauser, M. D., and Chomsky, N. (2005). “The evolution of the Language Faculty: Clarifications and implications,” Cognition 97, pp. 179–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitch, W. T. and Kelley, J. P. (2000). “Perception of vocal tract resonances by whooping cranes, Grus americana,” Ethology 106, pp. 559–574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitch, W. T. and Reby, D. (2001). “The descended larynx is not uniquely human,” Proceedings of the Royal Society London, B 268, pp. 1669–1675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, N. H. and Rossing, T. D. (1991). The Physics of Musical Instruments (New York, NY: Springer-Verlag).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fobes, J. L. and King, J. E. (1982). “Measuring primate learning abilities,” in Primate Behavior, ed. Fobes, J. L. and King, J. E. (New York, NY: Academic Press, pp. 289–326).Google Scholar
Fodor, J. A. (1983). The Modularity of Mind (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Fodor, J. A. (2000). The Mind Doesn't Work That Way (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Foley, R. A. (1995). “The adaptive legacy of human evolution: A search for the environment of evolutionary adaptedness,” Evolutionary Anthropology 4, pp. 194–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foley, R. A. (1998). “The context of human genetic evolution,” Genome Research 8, pp. 339–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foley, R. A. and Lee, P. C. (1991). “Ecology and energetics of encephalization in hominid evolution,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 334, pp. 223–232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, J. K. B. and Fisher, H. D. (1983). “Group-specific dialects of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in British Columbia,” in Communication and Behavior of Whales, ed. Payne, R. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 129–161).Google Scholar
Forey, P. L. and Janvier, P. (1993). “Agnathans and the origin of jawed vertebrates,” Nature 361, pp. 129–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, K. R., Wenseleers, T., and Ratnieks, F. L. W. (2006). “Kin selection is the key to altruism,” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21, pp. 57–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fouts, R. and Mills, S. T. (1997). Next of Kin (New York, NY: Harper).Google Scholar
Fragaszy, D. M., Visalberghi, E., and Fedigan, L. M. (2004). The Complete Capuchin: The biology of the genus Cebus (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Frank, S. A. (1998). Foundations of Social Evolution (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Freeman, S. (1987). “Male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) assess the RHP of neighbors by watching contests,” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 21, pp. 307–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frey, R. and Riede, T. (2003). “Sexual dimorphism of the larynx of the Mongolian Gazelle (Procapra gutturosa Pallas, 1777) (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Bovidae),” Zoologischer Anzeiger 242, pp. 33–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friederici, A., Meyer, M., and von Cramon, D. Y. (2000). “Auditory language comprehension: An event-related fMRI study on the processing of syntactic and lexical information,” Brain and Language 74, pp. 289–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedmann, H. (1955). “The honey-guides,” Bulletin of the United States National Museum 208, pp. 1–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frishberg, N. (1979). “Historical change: From iconic to arbitrary,” in The Signs of Language, ed. Klima, E. S. and Bellugi, U. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 67–87).Google Scholar
Frith, U. (2001). “Mind blindness and the brain in autism,” Neuron 32, pp. 969–979.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fromkin, V. A. (1973). Speech Errors as Linguistic Evidence (The Hague: Mouton).Google Scholar
Fromkin, V. A. (ed.) (1978). Tone: A linguistic survey (New York, NY: Academice Press).
Fruth, B. and Hohmann, G. (1996). “Nest building behaviour in the great apes: The great leap forward?,” in Great Ape Societies, ed. McGrew, W. C., Marchant, L. F., and Nishida, T. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 225–240).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Futuyma, D. J. (1979). Evolutionary Biology (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates).Google Scholar
Gabunia, L., Vekua, A., Lordkipanidze, D., Swisher, C. C., Ferring, R., Justus, A., et al. (2000). “Earliest Pleistocene hominid cranial remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia: Taxonomy, geological setting, and age,” Science 288, pp. 1019–1025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galdikas, B. M. F. (1982). “Orang-utan tool use at Tanjung Puting Reserve, Central Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan Tengah),” Journal of Human Evolution 10, pp. 19–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galef, B. G. (1988). “Imitation in animals: History, definitions, and interpretation of data from the psychological laboratory,” in Social Learning: Psychological and biological perspectives, ed. Zentall, T. and Galef, B. G. (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 3–28).Google Scholar
Gallese, V. and Goldman, A. (1998). “Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading,” Trends in Cognitive Science 2, pp. 493–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallistel, C. R. (1990). The Organization of Learning (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Gallistel, C. R. (2000). “The replacement of general-purpose learning models with adaptively specialized learning modules,” in The New Cognitive Neurosciences, ed. Gazzaniga, M. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 1179–1191).Google Scholar
Gallup, G. G.. (1970). “Chimpanzees: Self-recognition,” Science 167, pp. 86–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallup, G. G.. (1991). “Toward a comparative psychology of self-awareness: Species limitations and cognitive consequences,” in The Self: An interdisciplinary approach, ed. Goethals, G. R. and Strauss, J. (New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, pp. 121–135).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gannon, P. J., Holloway, R. L., Broadfield, D. C., and Braun, A. R. (1998). “Asymmetry of chimpanzee planum temporale: Humanlike pattern of Wernicke's brain language area homolog,” Science 279, pp. 220–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gans, C. and Northcutt, R. G. (1983). “Neural crest and the origin of Vertebrates: A new head,” Science 220, pp. 268–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garcia, J. and Koelling, R. A. (1966). “Relation of cue to consequences in avoidance learning,” Psychonomic Science 4, pp. 123–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of Mind: The theory of multiple intelligences (London: Heinemann).Google Scholar
Gardner, H. (1985). The Mind's New Science: A history of the cognitive revolution (New York, NY: Basic Books).Google Scholar
Gardner, R. A. and Gardner, B. T. (1969). “Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee,” Science 165, pp. 664–672.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garner, R. L. (1892). The Speech of Monkeys (London: William Heinemann).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrett, M. (1988). “Processes in language production,” in Linguistics: The Cambridge survey, Vol. III: Language: Psychological and biological aspects, ed. Newmeyer, F. J. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Gatesy, S. M. and Biewener, A. A. (1991). “Bipedal locomotion: Effects of speed, size and limb posture in birds and humans,” Journal of Zoology, London 224, pp. 127–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gathercole, V. C. (1987). “The contrastive hypothesis for the acquisition of word meaning: A reconsideration of the theory,” Journal of Child Language 14, pp. 493–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaupp, E. (1904). “Das Hyobranchialskelet der Wirbeltiere,” Ergebnisse der Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte 14, pp. 808–1048.Google Scholar
Gautier, J. P. (1971). “Etude morphologique et fonctionnelle des annexes extra-laryngées des cercopithecinae; liaison avec les cris d'espacement,” Biologica Gabonica 7, pp. 230–267.Google Scholar
Gazdar, G., Klein, E., Pullum, G. K., and Sag, I. (1985). Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (Oxford: Basil Blackwell).Google Scholar
Gazzaniga, M. S. (2000). “Cerebral specialization and interhemispheric communication: Does the corpus callosum enable the human condition?,” Brain 123, pp. 1293–1326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gazzola, V., Aziz-Zadeh, L., and Keysers, C. (2006). “Empathy and the somatotopic auditory mirror system in humans,” Current Biology 16, pp. 1824–1829.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gehring, W. J. and Ikeo, K. (1999). “Pax 6: Mastering eye morphogenesis and eye evolution,” Trends Genet 15, pp. 371–377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geissmann, T. (1984). “Inheritance of song parameters in the gibbon song analyzed in 2 hybrid gibbons (Hylobates pileatus s H. lar),” Folia primatologica 42, pp. 216–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geissmann, T. (1987). “Songs of hybrid gibbons Hylobates pileatus x H. lar,” International Journal of Primatology 8, p. 540.Google Scholar
Geissmann, T. (2000). “Gibbon song and human music from an evolutionary perspective,” in The Origins of Music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 103–123).Google Scholar
Geissmann, T. (2002). “Duet-splitting and the evolution of gibbon songs,” Biological Reviews 77, pp. 57–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gentilucci, M. and Corballis, M. C. (2006). “From manual gesture to speech: A gradual transition,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 30, pp. 949–960.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gentner, T. Q., Fenn, K. M., Margoliash, D., and Nusbaum, H. C. (2006). “Recursive syntactic pattern learning by songbirds,” Nature 440, pp. 1204–1207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
George, S. L. (1978). “A longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of the growth of the post-natal cranial base angle,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 49, pp. 171–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gergely, G., Bekkering, H., and Király, I. (2002). “Rational imitation in preverbal infants,” Nature 415, p. 755.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerhart, J. and Kirschner, M. (1997). Cells, Embryos, and Evolution (Toronto: Blackwell Science).Google Scholar
Gersting, J. L. (1999). Mathematical Structures for Computer Science (New York, NY: W. H. Freeman).Google Scholar
Geschwind, N. (1970). “Intermodal equivalence of stimuli in apes,” Science 170, p. 1249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghazanfar, A. A. and Hauser, M. D. (1999). “The neuroethology of primate vocal communication: Substrates for the evolution of speech,” Trends in Cognitive Science 3, pp. 377–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giedd, J. N., Castellanos, F. X., Rajapakse, J. C., Vaituzis, A. C., and Rapoport, J. L. (1997). “Sexual dimorphism of the developing human brain,” Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 21, pp. 1185–1201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilbert, S. F. (2003). Developmental Biology (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer).Google ScholarPubMed
Gilbert, S. F., Opitz, J. M., and Raff, R. A. (1996). “Resynthesizing evolutionary and developmental biology,” Developmental Biology 173, pp. 357–372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gillan, D. D. D. (1981). “Reasoning in the chimpanzee II: Transitive inference,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 7, pp. 150–164.Google Scholar
Giurfa, M., Zhang, S., Jenett, A., Menzel, R., and Srinivasan, M. V. (2001). “The concepts of ‘sameness’ and ‘difference’ in an insect,” Nature 410, pp. 930–933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (1995). Functionalism and Grammar (Amsterdam: John Benjamins).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (2002). Bio-Linguistics: The Santa Barbara lectures (Amsterdam: John Benjamins).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glass, L. and Mackey, M. C. (1988). From Clocks to Chaos: The rhythms of life (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Gleason, J. B. (ed.) (2005). The Development of Language (Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon).Google Scholar
Gleitman, L. and Papafragou, A. (2005). “Language and thought,” in Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning, ed. Holyoak, K. J. and Morrison, R. G. (New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 633–661).Google Scholar
Goddard, C. and Wierzbicka, A. (eds) (2002). Meaning and Universal Grammar: Theory and empirical findings (Amsterdam: John Benjamins).Google Scholar
Godfray, H. C. J. (1991). “Signalling of need by offspring to their parents,” Nature 352, pp. 328–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S. (2003). Hearing Gesture: How our hands help us think (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S. and Mylander, C. (1998). “Spontaneous sign systems created by deaf children in two cultures,” Nature 391, pp. 278–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldsmith, J. A. (1990). Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology (Oxford: Blackwell).Google Scholar
Goldstein, L., Byrd, D., and Saltzman, E. (2006a). “The role of vocal tract gestural action units in understanding the evolution of phonology,” in From Action to Language via The mirror neuron system, ed. Arbib, M. A. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 215–249).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, L., Whalen, D. H., and Best, C. T. (eds) (2006b). Laboratory Phonology 8 (Amsterdam: Walter de Gruyter).CrossRef
Golinkoff, R. M., Mervis, C. B., and Hirsh-Pasek, K. (1994). “Early object labels: The case for a developmental lexical principles framework,” Journal of Child Language 21, pp. 125–155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodall, J. (1968). “The behaviour of free-living chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream Reserve, Tanzania,” Animal Behaviour Monographs 1, pp. 161–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodall, J. (1986). The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of behavior (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Goodman, N. (1983). Fact, Fiction and Forecast (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Goodwin, B. C. (2001). How the Leopard Changed its Spots: The evolution of complexity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Gopnik, M. (1990). “Feature-blind grammar and dysphasia,” Nature 344, p. 715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1974). “On the acoustic basis of species identification in wood ducklings (Aix sponsa),” Journal of Comparative Physiology and Psychology 87, pp. 1038–1048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1992). Individual Development and Evolution: The genesis of novel behavior (New York, NY: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Gould, J. L. and Marler, P. (1987). “Learning by instinct,” Scientific American 256, pp. 74–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1975). “Allometry in primates, with emphasis on scaling and evolution of the brain,” in Approaches to Primate Paleobiology, ed. Szalay, F. (Basel: S. Karger, pp 244–292).Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1977). Ontogeny and Phylogeny (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press).Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1987). “Integrity and Mr. Rifkin,” in An Urchin in the Storm: Essays about books and ideas, ed. Gould, S. J. (New York: Norton, pp. 229–239).Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1991). “Exaptation: A crucial tool for evolutionary psychology,” Journal of Social Issues 47, pp. 43–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1996). The Mismeasure of Man (New York, NY: W. Norton & Co.).Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1997). “The exaptive excellence of spandrels as a term and prototype,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94, pp. 10750–10755.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gould, S. J. (2002). The Structure of Evolutionary Theory (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. and Lewontin, R. C. (1979). “The spandrels of San Marco and the panglossian paradigm: A critique of the adaptationist programme,” Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 205, pp. 581–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, S. J. and Vrba, E. S. (1982). “Exaptation – a missing term in the science of form,” Paleobiology 8, pp. 4–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gouzoules, S., Gouzoules, H., and Marler, P. (1984). “Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) screams: Representational signalling in the recruitment of agonistic aid,” Animal Behavior 32, pp. 182–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gowlett, J. A. J. (1992). “Tools: The Paleolithic record,” in Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution, ed. Jones, S., Martin, R. D., and Pilbeam, D. R. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 350–360).Google Scholar
Grafen, A. (1982). “How not to measure inclusive fitness,” Nature 298, pp. 425–426.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grafen, A. (1984). “Natural selection, kin selection and group selection,” in Behavioural Ecology, ed. Krebs, J. R. and Davies, N. B. (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, pp. 62–84).Google Scholar
Grafen, A. (1990a). “Biological signals as handicaps,” Journal of Theoretical Biology 144, pp. 517–546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grafen, A. (1990b). “Sexual selection unhandicapped by the Fisher process,” Journal of Theoretical Biology 144, pp. 473–516.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, R. D. and Atkinson, Q. D. (2003). “Language-tree divergence times support the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin,” Nature 426, pp. 435–439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graybiel, A. M. (1994). “The basal ganglia and adaptive motor control,” Science 265, pp. 1826–1831.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graybiel, A. M. (2005). “The basal ganglia: Learning new tricks and loving it,” Current Opinion in Neurobiology 15, pp. 638–644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenewalt, C. H. (1968). Bird Song: Acoustics and physiology (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press).Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. (1991). “Language, tools, and brain: The ontogeny and phylogeny of hierarchically organized sequential behavior,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14, pp. 531–595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. and Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1990). “Grammatical combination in Pan paniscus: Processed of learning and invention in the evolution and development of language,” in “Language” and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. and Gibson, K. R. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 540–578).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grice, H. P. (1957). “Meaning,” Philosophical Review 66, pp. 377–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grice, H. P. (1975). “Logic and conversation,” in The Logic of Grammar, ed. Davidson, D. and Harman, G. (Encino, CA: Dickenson, pp. 64–153).Google Scholar
Griffin, D. R. (1976). The Question of Animal Awareness (New York, NY: Rockefeller University Press).Google Scholar
Griffin, D. R. (1992). Animal Minds (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press).Google Scholar
Griffin, D. R. (2001). Animal Minds: Beyond cognition to consciousness (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press).Google Scholar
Groszer, M., Keays, D., Deacon, R., Bono, J., Prasad-Mulcare, S., Gaub, S., Baum, M., French, C., Nicod, J., Coventry, J., Enard, W., Fray, M., Brown, S. D. M.., Pääbo, S., Channon, K. M., Costas, R. M., Eilers, J., Ehret, G., Nicholas, J., Rawlins, P., and Fisher, S. E. (2008). “Impaired synaptic plasticity and motor learning in mice with a point mutation implicated in human speech deficits,” Current Biology 18, pp. 354–362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guilloud, N. B. and McClure, H. M. (1969). “Air sac infection in the Orang-utan,” Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Primatology 3, pp. 143–147.Google Scholar
Guinee, L. and Payne, K. (1988). “Rhyme-like repetition in songs of humpback whales,” Ethology 79, pp. 295–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guttenplan, S. (1986). The Languages of Logic (Oxford: Blackwell).Google Scholar
Haesler, S., Rochefort, C., Geogi, B., Licznerski, P., Osten, P., and Scharff, C. (2007). “Incomplete and inaccurate vocal imitation after knockdown of FoxP2 in songbird basal ganglia nucleus area X,” PLOS Biology 5, p. e321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haesler, S., Wada, K., Nshdejan, A., Morrisey, E. E., Lints, T., Jarvis, E. D., and Scharff, C. (2004). “FoxP2 expression in avian vocal learners and non-learners,” Journal of Neuroscience 24, pp. 3164–3175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hahn, J. and Münzel, S. (1995). “Knochenflöten aus dem Aurignacien des Geissenklösterle bei Blaubeuren, Alb-Donau-Kreis,” Fundberichte aus Baden-Würtemberg 20, pp. 1–12.Google Scholar
Hailman, J. P. and Ficken, M. S. (1987). “Combinatorial animal communication with computable syntax: Chick-a-dee calling qualifies as ‘language’ by structural linguistics,” Animal Behavior 34, pp. 1899–1901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haldane, J. B. S. (1955). “Population genetics,” New Biology 18, pp. 34–51.Google Scholar
Hall, B. K. (ed.) (1994). Homology: The hierarchical basis of comparative biology (San Diego, CA: Academic Press).
Hall, B. K. (1998). Evolutionary Developmental Biology (London: Chapman & Hall).Google Scholar
Hall, K. and Schaller, G. B. (1964). “Tool using behavior of the California sea otter,” Journal of Mammalogy 45, pp. 287–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, R. A. (1966). Pidgin and Creole Languages (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press).Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1963). “The evolution of altruistic behavior,” American Naturalist 97, pp. 354–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1964). “The genetical evolution of social behavior,” Journal of Theoretical Biology 7, pp. 1–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1975). “Innate social aptitudes of man: An approach from evolutionary genetics,” in Biosocial Anthropology, ed. Fox, R. (New York, NY: John Wiley, pp. 133–155).Google Scholar
Hammerschmidt, K., Freudenstein, T., and Jürgens, U. (2001). “Vocal development in squirrel monkeys,” Behaviour 138, pp. 1179–1204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, M. (1995). “Metrical phonology,” Annual Review of Anthropology 24, pp. 313–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hampton, R. R. (1994). “Sensitivity to information specifying the line of gaze of humans in sparrows (Passer domesticus),” Behaviour 130, pp. 41–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Happé, F. G. E. (1995). “The role of age and verbal ability in the theory of mind task performance of subjects with autism,” Child Development 66, pp. 843–855.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, B., Brown, M., Williamson, C., and Tomasello, M. (2002). “The domestication of social cognition in dogs,” Science 298, pp. 1634–1636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, B., Call, J., Agnetta, B., and Tomasello, M. (2000). “Chimpanzees know what conspecifics do and do not see,” Animal Behavior 59, pp. 771–785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hare, B., Plyusnina, I., Ignacio, N., Schepina, O., Stepika, A., Wrangham, R. W., and Trut, L. (2005). “Social cognitive evolution in captive foxes is a correlated by-product of experimental domestication,” Current Biology 15, pp. 226–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, B. and Tomasello, M. (2004). “Chimpanzees are more skillful in competitive than cooperative cognitive tasks,” Animal Behavior 68, pp. 571–581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harnad, S. (1990). “The symbol grounding problem,” Physica D 42, pp. 335–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harnad, S., Steklis, H. S., and Lancaster, J. (eds) (1976). Origin and Evolution of Language and Speech (New York: New York Academy of Sciences).Google Scholar
Harries, M. L. L., Hawkins, S., Hacking, J., and Hughes, I. (1998). “Changes in the male voice at puberty: Vocal fold length and its relationship to the fundamental frequency of the voice,” Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, pp. 451–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, R. (2007). “Concepts where there are none,” in Times Higher Education (London).Google Scholar
Harris, T. R, Fitch, W. T., Goldstein, L. M., and Fashing, P. J. (2006). “Black and white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza) roars as a source of both honest and exaggerated information about body mass,” Ethology 112, pp. 911–920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, Z. S. (1951). Methods in Structural Linguistics (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Harrison, D. F. N. (1995). The Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammalian Larynx (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, P. H. and Bradbury, J. W. (1991). “Sexual selection,” in Behavioural Ecology, ed. Krebs, J. R. and Davies, N. B. (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 203–233).Google Scholar
Harvey, P. H. and Pagel, M. D. (1991). The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Haslinger, B., Erhard, P., Altenmuller, E., Schroeder, U., Boecker, H., and Ceballos-Baumann, A. O. (2005). “Transmodal sensorimotor networks during action observation in professional pianists,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, pp. 282–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haspelmath, M. (1999). “Why is grammaticalization irreversible?,” Linguistics 37, pp. 1043–1068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hast, M. (1983). “Comparative anatomy of the larynx: Evolution and function,” in Vocal Fold Physiology: Biomechanics, acoustics and phonatory control, ed. Titze, I. R. and Scherer, R. C. (Denver, CO: Denver Center for the Performing Arts, pp. 3–14).Google Scholar
Haug, H. (1987). “Brain sizes, surfaces, and neuronal sizes of the cortex cerebri: A stereological investigation of man and his variability and a comparison with some mammals (primates, whales, marsupials, insectivores, and one elephant),” American Journal of Anatomy 180, pp. 126–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hausberger, M., Henry, L., and Richard, M. (1995a). “Testosterone-induced singing in female European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris),” Ethology 99, p. 193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hausberger, M., Richard-Yris, M.-A., Henry, L., Lepage, L., and Schmidt, I. (1995b). “Song sharing reflects the social organization in a captive group of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris),” Journal of Comparative Psychology 109, pp. 222–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauser, M. D. (1988). “How infant vervet monkeys learn to recognize starling alarm calls,” Behaviour 105, pp. 187–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauser, M. D. (1992). “Costs of deception: Cheaters are punished in rhesus monkeys,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89, pp. 12137–12139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauser, M. D. (1996). The Evolution of Communication (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D. (2000). Wild Minds: What animals really think (New York, NY: Henry Holt).Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D., Chomsky, N., and Fitch, W. T. (2002). “The Language Faculty: What is it, who has it, and how did it evolve?,” Science 298, pp. 1569–1579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauser, M. D., Dehaene, S., Dehaene-Lambertz, G., and Patalano, A. L. (2002b). “Spontaneous number discrimination of multi-format auditory stimuli in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus),” Cognition 86, pp. B23–B32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauser, M. D. and Fitch, W. T. (2003). “What are the uniquely human components of the language faculty?,” in Language Evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. and Kirby, S. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 158–181).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauser, M. D. and Marler, P. (1993). “Food-associated calls in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) I: Socioecological factors influencing call production,” Behavioral Ecology 4, pp. 194–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauser, M. D. and McDermott, J. (2003). “The evolution of the music faculty: A comparative perspective,” Nature Neuroscience 6, pp. 663–668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauser, M. D. and Nelson, D. (1991). “Intentional signaling in animal communication,” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 6, pp. 186–189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauser, M. D. and Schön Ybarra, M. (1994). “The role of lip configuration in monkey vocalizations: Experiments using xylocaine as a nerve block,” Brain and Language 46, pp. 232–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauser, M. D. and Wrangham, R. W. (1987). “Manipulation of food calls in captive chimpanzees: A preliminary report,” Folia primatologica 48, pp. 24–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hawkes, K., O'Connell, J. F., Blurton Jones, N. G., Alvarez, H., and Charnov, E. L. (1998). “Grandmothering, menopause, and the evolution of human life histories,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95, pp. 1336–1339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hay, R. L. and Leakey, M. D. (1982). “The fossil footprints of Laetoli,” Scientific American 246, pp. 50–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, C. (1951). The Ape in Our House (New York, NY: Harper).Google Scholar
Hayes, K. J. and Hayes, C. (1951). “The intellectual development of a home-raised chimpanzee,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95, pp. 105–109.Google Scholar
Healy, S. D. and Hurly, T. A. (2004). “Spatial learning and memory in birds,” Brain, Behavior and Evolution 63, pp. 211–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heath, R. G. (1963). “Electrical self-stimulation of the brain in man,” American Journal of Psychiatry 120, pp. 571–577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heffner, R. S. (2004). “Primate hearing from a mammalian perspective,” Anatomical Record 281A, pp. 1111–1122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heimlich, H. J. (1975). “A life-saving maneuver to prevent food-choking,” Journal of the American Medical Association 234, pp. 398–401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heine, B., Claudi, U., and Hünnemeyer, F. (1991). Grammaticalization: A conceptual framework (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Heine, B. and Kuteva, T. (2002). “On the evolution of grammatical forms,” in The Transition to Language, ed. Wray, A. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 376–397).Google Scholar
Held, R. and Hein, A. (1963). “Movement-produced stimulation in the development of visually guided behavior,” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 56, pp. 872–876.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hellige, J. B. (ed.) (2001). Hemispheric Asymmetry: What's right and what's left? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Henderson, J., Hurly, T. A., Bateson, M., and Healy, S. D. (2006). “Timing in free-living rufous hummingbirds, Selasphorus rufus,” Current Biology 16, pp. 512–515.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henshilwood, C., D'Errico, F., Yates, R., Jacobs, Z., Tribolo, C., Duller, G., Mercier, N., Sealy, J., Valladas, H., Watts, I., and Wintle, A. (2002). “Emergence of modern human behavior: Middle Stone Age engravings from South Africa,” Science 295, pp. 1278–1280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henton, C. (1992). “The abnormality of male speech,” in New Departures in Linguistics, ed. Wolf, G. (New York, NY: Garland Publishing, pp. 27–59).Google Scholar
Hepper, P. G. (1991). “An examination of fetal learning before and after birth,” Irish Journal of Psychology 12, pp. 95–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herder, J. G. (1996[1772]). Essay on the Origin of Language [Über den Ursprung der Sprache], trans. John H. Moran (Stuttgart: Verlag Freies Geistesleben).Google Scholar
Herman, L. M., Richards, D. G., and Wolz, J. P. (1984). “Comprehension of sentences by bottlenosed dolphins,” Cognition 16, pp. 129–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hernandez-Aguilar, R. A., Moore, J., and Pickering, T. R. (2007). “Savanna chimpanzees use tools to harvest the underground storage organs of plants,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, pp. 19210–19213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herodotus, (1964 [450–420 bc]). The Histories (Baltimore, MD: Penguin).Google Scholar
Herrnstein, R. J., Loveland, D. H., and Cable, C. (1976). “Natural concepts in in the pigeon,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 2, pp. 285–311.Google Scholar
Herrnstein, R. J., Vaughan, W.., Mumford, D. B., and Kosslyn, S. M. (1989). “Teaching pigeons an abstract relational rule: Insideness,” Perception & Psychphysics 46, pp. 56–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hewes, G. W. (1973). “Primate communication and the gestural origin of language,” Current Anthropology 14, pp. 5–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hewes, G. W. (1975). Language Origins: A bibliography (The Hague: Mouton).Google Scholar
Hewes, G. W. (1977). “Language origin theories,” in Language Learning by a Chimpanzee: The Lana Project, ed. Rumbaugh, D. M. (New York, NY: Academic Press, pp. 5–53).Google Scholar
Hewes, G. W. (1983). “The invention of phonemically-based language,” in Glossogenetics: The origin and evolution of language, ed. Grolier, É. d. (New York, NY: Harwood Academic Publishers, pp. 143–162).Google Scholar
Hewes, G. W. (1996). “A history of the study of language origins and the gestural primacy hypothesis,” in Handbook of Human Symbolic Evolution, ed. Lock, A. and Peters, C. R. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 571–595).Google Scholar
Hewitt, G., MacLarnon, A., and Jones, K. E. (2002). “The functions of laryngeal air sacs in primates: A new hypothesis,” Folia Primatologica 73, pp. 70–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hienz, R. D., Jones, A. M., and Weerts, E. M. (2004). “The discrimination of baboon grunt calls and human vowel sounds by baboons,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116, pp. 1692–1697.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hight, G. and Jury, K. (1970). “Hill country sheep production II: Lamb mortality and birth weights in Romney and Border Leicester × Romney flocks,” New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 13, pp. 735–752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hiiemäe, K. and Palmer, J. B. (2003). “Tongue movements in feeding and speech,” Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 14, pp. 413–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, K., Boesch, C., Goodall, J., Pusey, A. E., Williams, J., and Wrangham, R. W. (2001). “Mortality rates among wild chimpanzees,” Journal of Human Evolution 40, pp. 437–450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilloowala, R. A. (1975). “Comparative anatomical study of the hyoid apparatus in selected primates,” American Journal of Anatomy 142, pp. 367–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hinde, R. A. (1981). “Animal signals: Ethological and games-theory approaches are not incompatible,” Animal Behavior 29, pp. 535–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinton, G. E. and Nowlan, S. J. (1987). “How learning can guide evolution,” Complex Systems 1, pp. 495–502.Google Scholar
Hinton, L., Nichols, J., and Ohala, J. (eds) (1994). Sound Symbolism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Hockett, C. F. (1960). “Logical considerations in the study of animal communication,” in Animal Sounds and Communication, ed. Lanyon, W. E. and Tavolga, W. N. (Washington, DC: American Institute of Biological Sciences, pp. 392–430).Google Scholar
Hockett, C. F. (1963). “The problem of universals in language,” in Universals of Language, ed. Greenberg, J. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 1–29).Google Scholar
Hockett, C. F. and Ascher, R. (1964). “The human revolution,” Current Anthropology 5, pp. 135–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoelzel, A. R. (1986). “Song characteristics and response to playback of male and female robins Erithacus rubecula,” Ibis 128, pp. 115–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofstadter, D. R. (1979). Godel, Escher, Bach: An eternal golden braid (New York, NY: Basic Books).Google Scholar
Holbrook, R. T. and Carmody, F. J. (1937). “X-ray studies of speech articulations,” University of California Publications in Modern Philology 20, pp. 187–238.Google Scholar
Holland, P. W. H. (1999). “The future of evolutionary developmental biology,” Nature 402 suppl., pp. C41–C42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holland, P. W. H., Garcia-Fernández, J., Williams, N. A., and Sidow, N. (1994). “Gene duplication and the origins of vertebrate development,” Development, 1994, pp. 125–133.Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1966). “Cranial capacity, neural reorganization and hominid evolution: A search for more suitable parameters,” American Anthropologist 68, pp. 103–121.Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1969). “Culture: A human domain,” Current Anthropology 10, pp. 395–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1996). “Evolution of the human brain,” in Handbook of Human Symbolic Evolution, ed. Lock, A. and Peters, C. R. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 74–108).Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (2008). “The human brain evolving: A personal retrospective,” Annual Review of Anthropology 37, pp. 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holy, T. E. and Guo, Z. (2005). “Ultrasonic songs of male mice,” PLOS Biology 3, p. e386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopcroft, J. E., Motwani, R., and Ullman, J. D. (2000). Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley).Google Scholar
Hopfield, J. J. (1982). “Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 79, pp. 2554–2558.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, W. D. and Russell, J. L. (2004). “Further evidence of a right hand advantage in motor skill by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes),” Neuropsychologia 42, pp. 990–996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, W. D., Russell, J. L., Freeman, H., Buehler, N., Reynolds, E., and Schapiro, S. J. (2005). “The distribution and development of handedness for manual gestures in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes),” Psychological Science 16, pp. 487–493.Google Scholar
Hopkins, W. D., Taglialatela, J. P., and Leavens, D. A. (2007). “Chimpanzees differentially produce novel vocalizations to capture the attention of a human,” Animal Behavior 73, pp. 281–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopson, J. A. (1966). “The origin of the mammalian middle ear,” American Zoologist 6, pp. 437–450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howie, J. M. (1991). Automata and Languages (Oxford: Oxford Univeristy Press).Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (1981). The Woman Who Never Evolved (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (1999). Mother Nature (New York, NY: Pantheon Books).Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (2005). “Comes the child before man: How cooperative breeding and prolonged postweaning dependence shaped human potentials,” in Hunter-Gatherer Childhoods, ed. Hewlett, B. and Lamb, M. (London: Aldine Transaction, pp. 65–91).Google Scholar
Hu, Y., Meng, J., Wang, Y., and Li, C. (2005). “Large Mesozoic mammals fed on young dinosaurs,” Nature 433, pp. 150–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huey, R. B., Hertz, P. E., and Sinervo, B. (2003). “Behavioral drive versus behavioral inertia in evolution: A null model approach,” American Naturalist 161, pp. 357–385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huffman, M. A. (1997). “Current evidence for self-medication in primates: A multidisciplinary perspective,” Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 40, pp. 171–200.3.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huffman, M. A. and Seifu, M. (1989). “Observations on the illness and consumption of a possibly medicinal plant Vernonia amygdalina by a wild chimpanzee in the Mahale mountains National Park, Tanzania,” Primates 30, pp. 51–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulse, S. H., Fowler, H., and Honig, W. K. (eds) (1978). Cognitive Processes in Animal Behavior (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates).
Humboldt, W. (1836). Über die Kawi-Sprache auf der Insel Java (Berlin: Druckerei der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften).Google Scholar
Humphrey, N. K. (1976). “The social function of intellect,” in Growing Points in Ethology, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. and Hinde, R. A. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 303–317).Google Scholar
Hunt, G. R. and Gray, R. D. (2003). “Diversification and cumulative evolution in New Caledonian crow tool manufacture,” Proceedings of the Royal Society London, B 270, pp. 867–874.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hunt, G. R. and Gray, R. D. (2004a). “Direct observations of pandanus-tool manufacture and use by a New Caledonian crow (Corvus moneduloides),” Animal Cognition 7, pp. 114–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, G. R. and Gray, R. D. (2004b). “The crafting of hook tools by wild New Caledonian crows,” Proceedings of the Royal Society London, B 271 Suppl. 3, pp. S88–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hurford, J. (1990). “Nativist and functional explanations in language acquisition,” in Logical issues in Language Acquistion, ed. Roca, I. M. (Dordrecht: Foris Publications, pp. 85–136).Google Scholar
Hurford, J. (1994). “Linguistics and evolution: A background briefing for non-linguists,” Discussions in Neuroscience 10, pp. 149–157.Google Scholar
Hurford, J. (2000). “The emergence of syntax,” in The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social function and the origins of linguistic form, ed. Knight, C., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Hurford, J. R. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 219–230).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurford, J. (2004). “Language beyond our grasp: What mirror neurons can, and cannot, do for language evolution,” in The Evolution of Communication Systems: A comparative approach, ed. Oller, D. K. and Griebel, U. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 297–313).Google Scholar
Hurford, J. (2007). The Origins of Meaning (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Huxley, J. S. (1932). Problems of Relative Growth (London: Methuen).Google Scholar
Huxley, T. H. (1863). Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill).Google Scholar
Huybregts, R. (1985). “The weak inadequacy of CFPSGs,” in Van Periferie naar Kern, ed. Haan, G., Trommelen, M., and Zonneveld, W. (Dordrecht: Foris Publications, pp. 81–99).Google Scholar
Hyde, J. S. and Linn, M. C. (1988). “Gender differences in verbal ability: A meta-analysis,” Psychological Bulletin 104, pp. 53–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iacoboni, M., Molnar-Szakacs, I., Gallese, V., Buccino, G., Mazziotta, J. C., and Rizzolatti, G. (2005). “Grasping the intentions of others with one's own mirror neuron system,” PLOS Biology 3, p. e79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C., and Rizzolatti, G. (1999). “Cortical mechanisms of human imitation,” Science 286, pp. 2526–2528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Insley, S. J. (2001). “Mother–offspring vocal recognition in northern fur seals is mutual but asymmetrical,” Animal Behavior 61, pp. 129–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
,International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium, The (2004). “Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution,” Nature 432, pp. 695–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaac, G. L. (1978). “Food sharing and human evolution: Archaeological evidence from the Plio-Pleistocene of East Africa,” Journal of Anthropological Research 34, pp. 311–325.Google Scholar
Isack, H. A. and Reyer, H.-U. (1989). “Honeyguides and honey gatherers: Interspecific communication in a symbiotic relationship,” Science 243, pp. 1343–1346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwatsubo, T., Kuzuhara, S., Kanemitsu, A., Shimada, H., and Toyokura, Y. (1990). “Corticofugal projections to the motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal cord in humans,” Neurology 40, pp. 309–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jablonski, N. G. (1998). “The response of catarrhine primates to Pleistocene environmental fluctuations in East Asia,” Primates 39, pp. 29–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackendoff, R. (1999). “Possible stages in the evolution of the language capacity,” Trends in Cognitive Science 3, pp. 272–279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackendoff, R. (2002). Foundations of Language (New York, NY: Oxford University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackendoff, R. and Lerdahl, F. (1982). “A grammatical parallel between music and language,” in Music, Mind, and Brain: The neuropsychology of music, ed. Clynes, M. E. (New York, NY: Plenum, pp. 83–117).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackendoff, R. and Lerdahl, F. (2006). “The capacity for music: What is it, and what's special about it?,” Cognition 100, pp. 33–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, A. P., Eastwood, H., Bell, S. M., Adu, J., Toomes, C., Carr, I. M., Roberts, E., Hampshire, D. J., Crow, Y. J., Mighell, A. J., Karbani, G., Jafri, H., Rashid, Y., Mueller, R. F., Markham, A. F., and Woods, C. G. (2002). “Identification of microcephalin, a protein implicated in determining the size of the human brain,” American Journal of Human Genetics 71, pp. 136–142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacob, F. (1977). “Evolution and tinkering,” Science 196, pp. 1161–1166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobs, G. H. and Rowe, M. P. (2004). “Evolution of vertebrate colour vision,” Clinical and Experimental Optometry 87, pp. 206–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jakobson, R. (1941). Kindersprache, Aphasie, und allgemeine Lautgesetze (Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell).Google Scholar
Jakobson, R. (1960). “Linguistics and poetics,” in Style in Language, ed. Sebeok, T. A. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 350–377).Google Scholar
Jakobson, R. (1968). Child Language, Aphasia, and Phonological Universals (The Hague: Mouton).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakobson, R., Fant, G., and Halle, M. (1957). Preliminaries to Speech Analysis: The distinctive features and their acoustic correlates (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
James, W. (1890). The Principles of Psychology (New York, NY: Henry Holt).Google Scholar
Janik, V. M. and Slater, P. J. B. (1997). “Vocal learning in mammals,” Advances in the Study of Behavior 26, pp. 59–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janik, V. M. and Slater, P. J. B. (1998). “Context-specific use suggests that bottlenose dolphin signature whistles are cohesion calls,” Animal Behavior 56, pp. 829–838.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janik, V. M. and Slater, P. J. B. (2000). “The different roles of social learning in vocal communication,” Animal Behavior 60, pp. 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenkins, L. (1999). Biolinguistics: Exploring the biology of language (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Jerison, H. J. (1973). Evolution of the Brain and Intelligence (New York: Academic Press).Google Scholar
Jerison, H. J. (1975). “Fossil evidence of the evolution of the human brain,” Annual Review of Anthropology 4, pp. 27–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jespersen, O. (1922). Language: Its nature, development and origin (New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co.).Google Scholar
Ji, Q., Luo, Z.-X., Yuan, C.-X., Wible, J. R., Zhang, J.-P., and Georgi, J. A. (2002). “The earliest eutherian mammal,” Nature 416, pp. 816–822.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johanson, D. C. and Edgar, B. (1996). From Lucy to Language (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster Editions).Google Scholar
Johanson, D. C. and White, T. D. (1979). “A systematic assessment of early African hominids,” Science 203, pp. 321–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, M. H. (2005). “Sensitive periods in functional brain development: Problems and prospects,” Developmental Psychobiology 46, pp. 287–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnstone, R. A. (1995). “Sexual selection, honest advertisement and the handicap principle: Reviewing the evidence,” Biological Reviews 7, pp. 1–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnstone, R. A. and Grafen, A. (1992). “The continuous Sir Philip Sidney game: A simple model of biological signalling,” Journal of Theoretical Biology 156, pp. 215–234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jolly, A. (1966). “Lemur social behavior and primate intelligence,” Science 153, pp. 501–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jonas, S. (1981). “The supplementary motor region and speech emission,” Journal of Communication Disorders 14, pp. 349–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jonas, S. (1982). “The thalamus and aphasia, including transcortical aphasia: A review,” Journal of Communication Disorders 15, pp. 31–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, G. and Ransome, R. D. (1993). “Echolocation calls of bats are influenced by maternal effects and change over a lifetime,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B 252B, pp. 125–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, S. W. (1798 [1786]). “On the Hindus: The third anniversary discourse,” Asiatick Researches 1, pp. 415–431 (delivered February 2, 1786).Google Scholar
Joshi, A. K. (2002). “Tree-adjoining grammars,” in Handbook of Computational Linguisitcs (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–31).Google Scholar
Joshi, A. K., Vijay-Shanker, K., and Weir, D. J. (1991). “The convergence of Mildly Context-Sensitive formalisms,” in Processing of Linguistic Structure, ed. Sells, P., Shieber, S. M., and Wasow, T. (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, pp. 31–81).Google Scholar
Joyce, G. F. (2002). “The antiquity of RNA-based evolution,” Nature 382, pp. 525–528.Google Scholar
Jungers, W. J., Pokempner, A. A., Kay, R. F., and Cartmill, M. (2003). “Hypoglossal canal size in living hominoids and the evolution of human speech,” Human Biology 75, pp. 473–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jürgens, U. (1979). “Vocalizations as an emotional indicator: A neuroethological study in the squirrel monkey,” Behaviour 69, pp. 88–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jürgens, U. (1994). “The role of the periaqueductal grey in vocal behaviour,” Behavioural Brain Research 62, pp. 107–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jürgens, U. (1995). “Neuronal control of vocal production in non-human and human primates,” in Current Topics in Primate Vocal Communication, ed. Zimmerman, E. and Newman, J. D. (New York, NY: Plenum Press, pp. 199–206).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jürgens, U. (1998). “Neuronal control of mammalian vocalization, with special reference to the squirrel monkey,” Naturwissenschaften 85, pp. 376–388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jürgens, U. (2002). “Neural pathways underlying vocal control,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 26, pp. 235–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jürgens, U., Kirzinger, A., and Cramon, D. Y. (1982). “The effects of deep-reaching lesions in the cortical face area on phonation: A combined case report and experimental monkey study,” Cortex 18, pp. 125–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jürgens, U. and Ploog, D. W. (1976). “Zur Evolution der Stimme?,” Archives of Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankungen 222, pp. 117–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jürgens, U. and Pratt, R. (1979). “Cingular vocalization pathway: Squirrel monkey,” Experimental Brain Research 34, pp. 499–510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jürgens, U. and Cramon, D. (1982). “On the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in phonation: A case report,” Brain and Language 15, pp. 234–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Juslin, P. and Sloboda, J. A. (eds) (2001). Music and Emotion: Theory and research (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Kahane, J. (1982). “Growth of the human prepubertal and pubertal larynx,” Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 25, pp. 446–455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kako, E. (1999). “Elements of syntax in the systems of three language-trained animals,” Animal Learning & Behavior 27, pp. 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamil, A. C. and Jones, J. E. (1997). “Clark's nutcrackers learn geometric relationships among landmarks,” Nature 390, pp. 276–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaminski, J., Call, J., and Fischer, J. (2004). “Word learning in a domestic dog: Evidence for ‘fast mapping,’Science 304, pp. 1682–1683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaminski, J., Riedel, J., Call, J., and Tomasello, M. (2005). “Domestic goats, Capra hircus, follow gaze direction and use social cues in an object choice task,” Animal Behavior 69, pp. 11–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kandel, E. R. and Schwartz, J. H. (1985). Principles of Neural Science (New York, NY: Elsevier).Google Scholar
Kappelman, J. (1996). “The evolution of body mass and relative brain size in fossil hominids,” Journal of Human Evolution 30, pp. 243–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A., Klima, E. S., Bellugi, U., Grant, J., and Baron-Cohen, S. (1995). “Is there a social module? Language, face-processing and theory of mind in individuals with William's Syndrome,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 7, pp. 196–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, E. D. and Condon, K. (1987). “Skeletal changes in the hindlimbs of bipedal rats,” The Anatomical Record 218, pp. 1–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kay, R. F., Cartmill, M., and Balow, M. (1998). “The hypoglossal canal and the origin of human vocal behavior,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 95, pp. 5417–5419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keeley, L. H. (1980). Experimental Determination of Stone Tool Uses: A microwear analysis (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Kegl, J. (2002). “Language emergence in a language-ready brain: Acquisition issues,” in Language Acquisition in Signed Languages, ed. Morgan, G. and Woll, B. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 207–254).Google Scholar
Keith, A. (1948). A New Theory of the Evolution of Man (London: Watts).Google Scholar
Kelemen, G. (1963). “Comparative anatomy and performance of the vocal organ in vertebrates,” in Acoustic Behavior of Animals, ed. Busnel, R. (Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company, pp. 489–521).Google Scholar
Kelemen, G. (1969). “Anatomy of the larynx and the anatomical basis of vocal performance,” in The Chimpanzee, ed. Bourne, G. (Basel: S. Karger, pp. 165–187).Google Scholar
Kelemen, G. and Sade, J. (1960). “The vocal organ of the howling monkey (Alouatta palliata),” Journal of Morphology 107, pp. 123–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, R. (1995). On Language Change: The invisible hand in language (New York, NY: Routledge).Google Scholar
Kellogg, W. N. and Kellogg, L. A. (1933). The Ape and the Child (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill).Google Scholar
Kemp, T. S. (2005). The Origin and Evolution of Mammals (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Kendon, A. (1991). “Some considerations for a theory of language origins,” Man 26, pp. 199–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, G. E. (2005). “From the ape's dilemma to the weanling's dilemma: Early weaning and its evolutionary context,” Journal of Human Evolution 48, pp. 123–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kenward, B., Weir, A. A., Rutz, C., and Kacelnik, A. (2005). “Tool manufacture by naive juvenile crows,” Nature 433, p. 121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keysers, C., Kohler, E., Umiltà, M. A., Nannetti, L., Fogassi, L., and Gallese, V. (2003a). “Audiovisual mirror neurons and action recognition,” Experimental Brain Research 153, pp. 628–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keysers, C., Wicker, B., Gazzola, V., Anton, J.-L., Fogassi, L., and Gallese, V. (2003b). “A touching sight: SII/PV activation during the observation and experience of touch,” Neuron 42, pp. 335–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khaitovich, P., Muetzel, B., She, X., Lachmann, M., Hellmann, I., Dietzsch, J., Steigele, S., Do, H.-H., Weiss, G., Enard, W., Heissig, F., Arendt, T., Nieselt-Struwe, K., Eichler, E. E., and Paabo, S. (2004). “Regional patterns of gene expression in human and chimpanzee brains,” Genome Research 14, pp. 1462–1473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kier, W. M. and Smith, K. K. (1985). “Tongues, tentacles and trunks: The biomechanics of movement in muscular-hydrostats,” Zoological Journal of the Linneaen Society 83, pp. 307–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimura, D. (1973). “The assymetry of the human brain,” Scientific American 228, pp. 70–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimura, D. (1993). Neuromotor Mechanisms in Human Communication (Oxford: Oxford University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimura, M. (1983). The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution (New York: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, J. L. and Jukes, T. H. (1969). “Non-Darwinian evolution,” Science 164, pp. 788–798.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kinzey, W. G. (1987). “Monogamous primates: A primate model for human mating systems,” in The Evolution of Human Behavior: Primate models, ed. Kinzey, W. G. (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, pp. 105–114).Google Scholar
Kirby, S. (1999). Function, Selection and Innateness: The emergence of language universals (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Kirby, S. (2000). “Syntax without natural selection: How compositionality emerges from vocabulary in a population of learners,” in The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social function and the origins of linguistic form, ed. Knight, C., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Hurford, J. R. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 303–323).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, S. (2002). “Natural language from artifical life,” Artificial Life 8, pp. 185–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, S., Cornish, H., and Smith, K. (2008). “Cumulative cultural evolution in the laboratory: An experimental approach to the origins of structure in human language,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, pp. 10681–10686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, S., Dowman, M., and Griffiths, T. L. (2007). “Innateness and culture in the evolution of langauge,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 104, pp. 5241–5245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, S., Smith, K., and Brighton, H. (2004). “From UG to universals: Linguistic adaptation through iterated learning,” Studies in Language 28, pp. 587–607.Google Scholar
Kirschner, M. W. and Gerhart, J. C. (2005). The Plausibility of Life: Resolving Darwin's dilemma (London: Yale University Press).Google Scholar
Kitano, H. (2002). “Computation systems biology,” Nature 420, pp. 206–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kittler, R., Kayser, M., and Stoneking, M. (2003). “Molecular evolution of Pediculus humanus and the origin of clothing,” Current Biology 13, pp. 1414–1417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klatt, D. H. and Stefanski, R. A. (1974). “How does a mynah bird imitate human speech?,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 55, pp. 822–832.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleene, S. C. (1956). “Representation of events in nerve nets and finite automata,” in Automata Studies, ed. Shannon, C. E. and McCarthy, J. J. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 3–40).Google Scholar
Kleiman, D. G. (1977). “Monogamy in mammals,” Quarterly Review of Biology 52, pp. 39–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klein, W. and Perdue, C. (1997). “The basic variety (or: Couldn't natural languages be much simpler?),” Second Language Research 13, pp. 301–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klima, E. S. and Bellugi, U. (1979). The Signs of Language (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Kluender, K. R., Diehl, R. L., and Killeen, P. R. (1987). “Japanese quail can learn phonetic categories,” Science 237, pp. 1195–1197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kluender, K. R., Lotto, A. J., Holt, L. L., and Bloedel, S. L. (1998). “Role of experience for language-specific functional mappings of vowel sounds,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, pp. 3568–3582.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knight, C. (1998). “Ritual/speech coevolution: A solution to the problem of deception,” in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 68–91).Google Scholar
Knoll, A. H. (2003). Life on a Young Planet: The first three billion years of evolution on earth (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Koehler, O. (1951). “Der vogelgesang als vorstufe von musik und sprache,” Journal of Ornithology 93, pp. 3–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koehler, O. (1954). “Vom Erbgut der Sprache,” Homo 5, pp. 97–104.Google Scholar
Koelsch, S., Gunter, T. C., Cramon, D. Y. v., Zysset, S., Lohmann, G., and Friederici, A. D. (2002). “Bach Speaks: A cortical ‘language-network’ serves the processing of music,” NeuroImage 17, pp. 956–966.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koelsch, S., Kasper, E., Sammler, D., Schulze, K., Gunter, T. C., and Friederici, A. D. (2004). “Music, language, and meaning: Brain signatures of semantic processing,” Nature Neuroscience 7, pp. 511–514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koelsch, S. and Siebel, W. A. (2005). “Towards a neural basis of music perception,” Trends in Cognitive Science 9, pp. 578–584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohler, E., Keysers, C., Umiltà, M. A., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., and Rizzolatti, G. (2002). “Hearing sounds, understanding actions: Action representation in mirror neurons,” Science 297, pp. 846–849.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohonen, T. (2001). Self-organizing Maps (New York, NY: Springer).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kojima, S. (1990). “Comparison of auditory functions in the chimpanzee and human,” Folia Primatologica 55, pp. 62–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kortland, A. (1973). “Commentary on Hewes,” Current Anthropology 14, pp. 13–14.Google Scholar
Krakauer, A. H. (2005). “Kin selection and cooperative courtship in wild turkeys,” Nature 434, pp. 69–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krantz, G. S. (1980). “Sapienization and speech,” Current Anthropology 21, pp. 773–792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krause, J., Lalueza-Fox, C., Orlando, L., Enard, W., Green, R. E., Burbano, H. A., Hublin, J.-J., Hänni, C., Fortea, J., de la Rasilla, M., Bertranpetit, J., Rosas, A., and Pääbo, S. (2007). “The derived FOXP2 variant of modern humans was shared with Neandertals,” Current Biology 17, pp. 1908–1912.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krauss, R. M. and Hadar, U. (1999). “The role of speech-related arm/hand gestures in word retrieval,” in Gesture, Speech and Sign, ed. Messing, L. S. and Campbell, R. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 93–116).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krebs, H. A. (1975). “The August Krogh principle: For many problems there is an animal on which it can be most conveniently studied,” Journal of Experimental Zoology 194, pp. 221–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krebs, J. R. and Davies, N. B. (1997). Behavioural Ecology: An evolutionary approach (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications).Google Scholar
Krebs, J. R. and Dawkins, R. (1984). “Animal signals: Mind reading and manipulation,” in Behavioural Ecology, ed. Krebs, J. R. and Davies, N. B. (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, pp. 380–402).Google Scholar
Krings, M., Stone, A., Schmitz, R., Krainitzki, H., Stoneking, M., and Pääbo, S. (1997). “Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans,” Cell 90, pp. 19–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kroodsma, D. and Parker, L. D. (1977). “Vocal virtuosity in the brown thrasher,” Auk 94, pp. 783–785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. and Byers, B. E. (1991). “The function(s) of bird song,” American Zoologist 31, pp. 318–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krubitzer, L. (1995). “The organization of neocortex in mammals: Are species differences really so different?,” Trends in Neurosciences 18, pp. 408–417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krumhansl, C. L. (1991). “Music psychology: Tonal structures in perception and memory,” Annual Review of Psychology 42, pp. 277–303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuczaj, S. A. (1983). Crib Speech and Language Play (New York, NY: Springer).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhl, P. K. (1987). “The special-mechanisms debate in speech research: Categorization tests on animals and infants,” in Categorical Perception: The groundwork of cognition, ed. Harnad, S. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 355–387).Google Scholar
Kuhl, P. K. (1991). “Human adults and human infants show a ‘perceptual magnet effect’ for the prototypes of speech categories, monkeys do not,” Perception and Psychophysics 50, pp. 93–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhl, P. K. and Miller, J. D. (1975). “Speech perception by the chinchilla: Voiced–voiceless distinction in alveolar plosive consonants,” Science 190, pp. 69–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuhl, P. K. and Miller, J. D. (1978). “Speech perception by the chinchilla: Identification functions for synthetic VOT stimuli,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 63, pp. 905–917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhl, P. K., Williams, K. A., Lacerda, F., Stevens, K. N., and Lindblom, B. (1992). “Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age,” Science 255, pp. 606–608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuipers, A. H. (1960). Phoneme and Morpheme in Kabardian (Eastern Adyghe) (The Hague: Mouton).Google Scholar
Kunej, D. and Turk, I. (2000). “New perspectives on the beginnings of music: Archaeological and musicological analysis of a middle Paleolithic bone ‘flute,’” in The Origins of Music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 235–268).Google Scholar
Kurlansky, M. (1997). Cod: A biography of the fish that changed the world (New York, NY: Walker and Co.).Google Scholar
Kurtén, B. (1987). Dance of the Tiger: A novel of the Ice Age (New York, NY: J. Curley).Google Scholar
Kuypers, H. G. J. M. (1958). “Corticobulbar connections to the pons and lower brainstem in man: An anatomical study,” Brain 81, pp. 364–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lachlan, R. F. (1999). “Cultural evolution of song in theory and in chaffinches Fringilla coelebs,” in Biology (University of St. Andrews), p. 185.Google Scholar
Lachmann, M., Számadó, S., and Bergstrom, C. T. (2001). “Cost and conflict in animal signals and human language,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, pp. 13189–13194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ladd, D. R. (1996). Intonational Phonology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Ladefoged, P. (1967). Three Areas of Experimental Phonetics (London: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Ladefoged, P. (2001). Vowels and Consonants: An introduction to the sounds of languages (Oxford: Blackwell).Google Scholar
Ladefoged, P. and Broadbent, D. E. (1957). “Information conveyed by vowels,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 29, pp. 98–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lahr, M. M. and Foley, R. A. (1998). “Towards a theory of modern human origins: Geography, demography, and diversity in recent human evolution,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement 27, pp. 137–176.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lai, C. S. L., Fisher, S. E., Hurst, J. A., Vargha-Khadem, F. and Monaco, A. P. (2001). “A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder,” Nature 413, pp. 519–523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lai, C. S. L., Gerrelli, D., Monaco, A. P., Fisher, S. E. and Copp, A. J. (2003). “FOXP2 expression during brain development coincides with adult sites of pathology in a severe speech and language disorder,” Brain 126, pp. 2455–2462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laitman, J. T. (1977). The ontogenetic and phylogenetic development of the upper respiratory system and basicranium in man (Yale University, New Haven).Google Scholar
Laitman, J. T. and Heimbuch, R. C. (1982). “The basicranium of Plio-Pleistocene hominids as an indicator of their upper respiratory systems,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 59, pp. 323–343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laitman, J. T., Heimbuch, R. C., and Crelin, E. S. (1978). “Developmental change in a basicranial line and its relationship to the upper respiratory system in living primates,” American Journal of Anatomy 152, pp. 467–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laitman, J. T. and Reidenberg, J. S. (1988). “Advances in understanding the relationship between the skull base and larynx with comments on the origins of speech,” Journal of Human Evolution 3, pp. 99–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laitman, J. T., Reidenberg, J. S., Gannon, P. J., and Johansson, B. (1990). “The Kebara hyoid: What can it tell us about the evolution of the hominid vocal tract?,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 81, p. 254.Google Scholar
Laland, K. N. and Brown, G. R. (2002). Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary perspectives on human behaviour (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Laland, K. N. and Janik, V. M. (2006). “The animal cultures debate,” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21, pp. 542–547.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laland, K. N., Odling-Smee, J., and Feldman, M. W. (2001). “Cultural niche construction and human evolution,” Journal of Evolutionary Biology 14, pp. 22–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lalueza-Fox, C., Römpler, H., Caramelli, D., Stäubert, C., Catalano, G., Hughes, D., Rohland, N., Pilli, E., Longo, L., Condemi, S., Rasilla, M., Fortea, J., Rosas, A., Stoneking, M., Schöneberg, T., Bertranpetit, J., and Hofreiter, M. (2007). “A melanocortin 1 receptor allele suggests varying pigmentation among Neanderthals,” Science 318, pp. 1453–1455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lamarck, J. B. d. (1809). Philosophie Zoologique (Paris: P. Savy).Google Scholar
Lancaster, J. B. (1968). “Primate communication systems and the emergence of human language,” in Primates, ed. Jay, P. C. (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, pp. 439–457).Google Scholar
Lande, R. (1980). “Sexual dimorphism, sexual selection, and adaptation in polygenic characters,” Evolution 34, pp. 292–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langer, S. K. (1962). Philosophical Sketches (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press).Google Scholar
Langer, S. K. (1972). Mind: An essay on human feeling (Vol. II) (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press).Google Scholar
Langmore, N. E. (1996). “Female song attracts males in the alpine accentor Prunella collaris,” Proceedings of the Royal Society London, B 263, pp. 141–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langmore, N. E. (1998). “Functions of duet and solo songs of female birds,” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13, pp. 136–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langmore, N. E. (2000). “Why female birds sing,” in Signalling and Signal Design in Animal Communication, ed. Espmark, Y., Amundsen, T., and Rosenqvist, G. (Trondhein: Tapir Academic Press, pp. 317–327).Google Scholar
Larson, C. R., Sutton, D., Taylor, E. M., and Lindeman, R. (1973). “Sound spectral properties of conditioned vocalizations in monkeys,” Phonetica 27, pp. 100–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lashley, K. (1951). “The problem of serial order in behavior,” in Cerebral mechanisms in behavior: The Hixon symposium, ed. Jeffress, L. A. (New York, NY: Wiley, pp. 112–146).Google Scholar
Lass, R. (1997). Historical Linguistics and Language Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurent, G. (2006). “Shall we even understand the fly's brain?,” in 23 Problems in Systems Neuroscience, ed. Hemmen, J. L. and Sejnowski, T. J. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–21).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leakey, M. D. (1966). “A review of the Oldowan culture from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania,” Nature 212, pp. 579–581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leakey, M. D. and Hay, R. L. (1979). “Pliocene footprints in the Laetolil beds at Laetoli, northern Tanzania,” Nature 278, pp. 317–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leavens, D. A., Russell, J. L., and Hopkins, W. D. (2005). “Intentionality as measured in the persistence and elaboration of communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes),” Child Development 76, pp. 291–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lebedev, O. A. and Coates, M. I. (1995). “The postcranial skeleton of the Devonian tetrapod Tulerpeton curtum Lebedev,” Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 114, pp. 307–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douarin, N. M. and Kalcheim, C. (1999). The Neural Crest (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LeMay, M. (1975). “The language capability of Neanderthal man,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 42, pp. 9–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LeMay, M. (1976). “Morphological cerebral asymmetries of modern man, fossil man, and nonhuman priamtes,” Annals of the New York Academy of Science 280, pp. 349–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LeMay, M. (1985). “Asymmetries of the brains and skulls of nonhuman primates,” in Cerebral Lateralization in Nonhuman Species, ed. Glick, S. D. (New York, NY: Academic Press, pp. 233–245).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemon, R. E. (1975). “How birds develop song dialects,” Condor 77, pp. 385–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenneberg, E. H. (1967). Biological Foundations of Language (New York, NY: Wiley).Google Scholar
Lenski, R. E., Mongold, J. A., Sniegowski, P. D., Travisano, M., Vasi, F., Gerrish, P. J., and Schmidt, T. M. (1998). “Evolution of competitive fitness in experimental populations of Escherischia coli: What makes one genotype a better competitor than another?,” Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 73, pp. 35–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lerdahl, F. and Jackendoff, R. (1983). A Generative Theory of Tonal Music (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). Speaking: From intention to articulation (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Levelt, W. J. M. and Wheeldon, L. R. (1994). “Do speakers have access to a mental syllabary?,” Cognition 50, pp. 239–269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewontin, R. C. (1998). “The evolution of cognition: Questions we will never answer,” in An Invitation to Cognitive Science: Methods, models, and conceptual issues, ed. Scarborough, D. and Sternberg, S. (Cambridge., MA: MIT Press, pp. 107–131).Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C. and Hubby, J. L. (1966). “A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations II: Amount of variation and degree of heterozygosity in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura,” Genetics 54, pp. 595–609.Google Scholar
Liberman, A. M. (1957). “Some results of research on speech perception,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 29, pp. 117–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liberman, A. M. (1996). Speech: A special code (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Liberman, A. M., Cooper, F. S., Shankweiler, D. P., and Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1967). “Perception of the speech code,” Psychological Review 74, pp. 431–461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liberman, A. M., Harris, K. S., Hoffman, H. S., and Griffith, B. C. (1957). “The discrimination of speech sounds within and across phoneme boundaries,” Journal of Experimental Psychology 53, pp. 358–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liberman, A. M. and Mattingly, I. G. (1989). “A specialization for speech perception,” Science 243, pp. 489–494.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liebal, K. (2007). “Gestures in organutans (Pongo pygmaeus),” in The Gestural Communication of Apes and Monkeys, ed. Call, J. and Tomasello, M. (London: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 69–98).Google Scholar
Lieberman, D. E. and McCarthy, R. C. (1999). “The ontogeny of cranial base angulation in humans and chimpanzees and its implications for reconstructing pharyngeal dimensions,” Journal of Human Evolution 36, pp. 487–517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieberman, D. E., McCarthy, R. C., Hiiemae, K., and Palmer, J. B. (2001). “Ontogeny of postnatal hyoid and larynx descent in humans,” Archives of Oral Biology 46, pp. 117–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieberman, E., Michel, J.-B., Jackson, J., Tang, T., and Nowak, M. A. (2007). “Quantifying the evolutionary dynamics of language,” Nature 449, pp. 713–716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieberman, P. (1968). “Primate vocalization and human linguistic ability,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 44, pp. 1574–1584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieberman, P. (1975). On the Origins of Language (New York, NY: Macmillan).Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1984). The Biology and Evolution of Language (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1986). “On Bickerton's review of The Biology and Evolution of Language,” American Anthropologist 88, pp. 701–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1998). “On the evolution of human syntactic ability: Its pre-adaptive bases, motor control and speech,” Journal of Human Evolution 14, pp. 657–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, P. (2000). Human Language and Our Reptilian Brain: The subcortical bases of speech, syntax and thought (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (2006). Toward an Evolutionary Biology of Language (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (2007a). “Current views on Neanderthal speech capabilities: A reply to Boe et al. (2002),” Journal of Phonetics 2007, pp. 552–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, P. (2007b). “Human speech: Anatomical and neural bases,” Current Anthropology 48, pp. 39–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, P. and Blumstein, S. E. (1988). Speech Physiology, Speech Perception, and Acoustic Phonetics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, P. and Crelin, E. S. (1971). “On the speech of Neanderthal man,” Linguistic Inquiry 2, pp. 203–222.Google Scholar
Lieberman, P., Crelin, E. S., and Klatt, D. H. (1972). “Phonetic ability and related anatomy of the newborn and adult human, Neanderthal man, and the chimpanzee,” American Anthropologist 74, pp. 287–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, P., Klatt, D. H., and Wilson, W. H. (1969). “Vocal tract limitations on the vowel repertoires of rhesus monkeys and other nonhuman primates,” Science 164, pp. 1185–1187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liégeois, F., Baldeweg, T., Connelly, A., Gadian, D. G., Mishkin, M., and Vargha-Khadem, F. (2003). “Language fMRI abnormalities associated with FOXP2 gene mutation,” Nature Neuroscience 6, pp. 1230–1237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liégeois, F., Connelly, A., Cross, J., Boyd, S. G., Gadian, D. G., Vargha-Khadem, F., and Baldeweg, T. (2004). “Language reorganization in children with early-onset lesions of the left hemisphere: An fMRI study,” Brain 127, pp. 1229–1236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liem, K. F. (1988). “Form and function of lungs: The evolution of air breathing mechanisms,” American Zoologist 28, pp. 739–759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lightfoot, D. (1998). The Development of Language: Acquisition, change and evolution (Oxford: Blackwell).Google Scholar
Liljencrants, J. and Lindblom, B. (1972). “Numerical simulations of vowel quality systems: The role of perceptual contrast,” Language 48, pp. 839–862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindblom, B., MacNeilage, P. F., and Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1983). “Self-organizing processes and the explanation of phonological universals,” Linguistics 21, pp. 181–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindblom, B., MacNeilage, P. F., and Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1984). “Self-organizing processes and the explanation of phonological universals,” in Explanations for Language Universals, ed. Butterworth, B., Comrie, B., and Dahl, O. (Berlin: Mouton, pp. 181–203).Google Scholar
Livingstone, F. B. (1973). “Did the Australopithecines sing?,” Current Anthropology 14, pp. 25–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1993). The Child's Path to Spoken Language (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. and Bogin, B. (2006). “Language and life history: A new perspective on the development and evolution of human language,” Behavioral & Brain Sciences 29, pp. 259–280.Google ScholarPubMed
Locke, J. L. and Pearson, D. M. (1990). “Linguistic significance of babbling: Evidence from a tracheostomized infant,” Journal of Child Language 17, pp. 1–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Long, C. H. (1963). Alpha: The myths of creation (Chici, CA: Scholars Press).Google Scholar
Long, J. A. (1995). The Rise of Fishes (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press).Google Scholar
Longuet-Higgins, H. C. (1978). “The perception of music,” Interdisciplinary Science Review 3, pp. 148–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorenz, E. N. (1963). “Deterministic nonperiodic flow,” Journal of Atmospheric Science 20, pp. 130–141.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorenz, K. (1965). Evolution and Modification of Behavior (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Lotto, A. J., Kluender, K. R., and Holt, L. L. (1998). “Depolarizing the perceptual magnet effect,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, pp. 3648–3655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lovejoy, C. O. (1981). “The origin of man,” Science 211, pp. 341–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lubker, J. and Gay, T. (1982). “Anticipatory labial coarticulation: Experimental, biological and linguistic variables,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 71, pp. 437–448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Mace, R. (2000). “Evolutionary ecology of human life history,” Animal Behavior 59, pp. 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macedonia, J. M. and Evans, C. S. (1993). “Variation among mammalian alarm call systems and the problem of meaning in animal signals,” Ethology 93, pp. 177–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKay, D. (2003). Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Mackie, G. O. (1990). “The elementary nervous system revisited,” American Zoologist 30, pp. 907–920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacLarnon, A. M. and Hewitt, G. P. (1999). “The evolution of human speech: The role of enhanced breathing control,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 109, pp. 341–363.3.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacLean, P. D. (1990). The Triune Brain in Evolution: Role in paleocerebral functions (New York, NY: Plenum Press).Google Scholar
Macnamara, J. (1972). “Cognitive basis of language learning in infants,” Psychological Review 79, pp. 1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacNeilage, P. F. (1991). “The ‘postural origins’ theory of primate neurobiological asymmetries,” in Biological Foundations of Language Development, ed. Krasnegor, N., Rumbaugh, D., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Schiefelbusch, R.. (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 165–188).Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. (1998a). “Evolution of the mechanisms of language output: Comparative neurobiology of vocal and manual communication,” in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 222–241).Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. (1998b). “The frame/content theory of evolution of speech production,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, pp. 499–546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacNeilage, P. F. (2008). The Origin of Speech (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. and Davis, B. L. (1990). “Acquisition of speech production: Frames, then content,” in Attention and Performance 13: Motor representation and control, ed. Jeannerod, M. (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 453–477).Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. and Davis, B. L. (2000). “On the origin of internal structure of word forms,” Science 288, pp. 527–531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacNeilage, P. F. and Davis, B. L. (2005). “Evolutionary sleight of hand: Then, they saw it; now we don't,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, pp. 137–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F., Davis, B. L., Kinney, A., and Matyear, C. (1999). “Origen of serial-output complexity in speech,” Psychological Science 10, pp. 459–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F., Davis, B. L., Kinney, A., and Matyear, C. (2000). “The motor core of speech: A comparison of serial organization patterns in infants and languages,” Child Development 71, pp. 153–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacNeilage, P. F., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Lindblom, B. (1987). “Primate handedness reconsidered,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10, pp. 247–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macphail, E. M. (1982). Brain and Intelligence in Vertebrates (Oxford: Clarendon Press).Google Scholar
Maddieson, I. (1984). Patterns of Sounds (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madsen, E. A., Tunney, R. J., Fieldman, G., Plotkin, H. C., Dunbar, R. I. M., Richardson, J.-M., and McFarland, D. (2007). “Kinship and altruism: A cross-cultural experimental study,”British Journal of Psychology 98, pp. 339–359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malson, L. (1964). Les Enfants Sauvages: Mythe et réalité (Paris: Christian Bourgois).Google Scholar
Mandeville, B. (1997 [1723]). The Fable of the Bees and Other Writings (Cambridge: Hackett).Google Scholar
Manser, M. B., Seyfarth, R. M., and Cheney, D. L. (2002). “Suricate alarm calls signal predator class and urgency,” Trends in Cognitive Science 6, pp. 55–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marcus, G. F. and Fisher, S. E. (2003). “FOXP2 in focus: What can genes tell us about speech and language?,” Trends in Cognitive Science 7, pp. 257–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Margulis, L. (1992). Symbiosis In Cell Evolution: Microbial communities in the Archean and Proterozoic eons (New York, NY: W. H. Freeman and Co.).Google Scholar
Marino, L. (1998). “A comparison of encephalization between Odontocete cetaceans and Anthropoid primates,” Brain, Behavior and Evolution 51, pp. 230–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Markman, E. M. (1990). “Constraints children place on word meanings,” Cognitive Science 14, pp. 57–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markman, E. M. and Hutchinson, J. E. (1984). “Children's sensitivity to constraints on word meaning: Taxonomic versus thematic relations,” Cognitive Psychology 16, pp. 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markman, E. M. and Wachtel, G. F. (1988). “Children's use of mutual exclusivity to constrain the meaning of words,” Cognitive Psychology 20, pp. 121–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markson, L. and Bloom, P. (1997). “Evidence against a dedicated system for word learning in children,” Nature 385, pp. 813–815.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marler, P. (1955). “Characteristics of some animal calls,” Nature 176, pp. 6–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marler, P. (1991a). “Song learning behavior: the interface with neuroethology,” Trends in Neurosciences 14, pp. 199–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marler, P. (1991b). “The instinct to learn,” in The Epigenesis of Mind: Essays on biology and cognition, ed. Carey, S. and Gelman, R. (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 37–66).Google Scholar
Marler, P. (2000). “Origins of music and speech: Insights from animals,” in The Origins of Music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 31–48).Google Scholar
Marler, P. and Evans, C. S. (1996). “Bird calls – just emotional displays or something more,” Ibis 138, pp. 26–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marler, P., Evans, C. S., and Hauser, M. D. (1992). “Animal signals: Reference, motivation or both?,” in Nonverbal Vocal Communication: Comparative and developmental approaches, ed. Papousek, H., Jürgens, U., and Papousek, M. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–86).Google Scholar
Marler, P., Karakashian, S., and Gyger, M. (1991). “Do animals have the option of withholding signals when communication is inappropriate? The audience effect,” in Cognitive Ethology: The minds of other animals, ed. Ristau, C. (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 135–186).Google Scholar
Marler, P. and Peters, S. (1982). “Developmental overproduction and selective attrition: New processes in the epigenesis of birdsong,” Developmental Psychobiology 15, pp. 369–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marler, P. and Slabbekoorn, H. (2004). Nature's Music: The science of birdsong (New York, NY: Academic Press).Google Scholar
Marler, P. and Tamura, M. (1962). “Song ‘dialects’ in three populations of white-crowned sparrows,” Condor 64, pp. 368–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, A. J., Wrangham, R. W., and Arcadi, A. C. (1999). “Does learning affect the structure of vocalizations in chimpanzees?,” Animal Behavior 58, pp. 825–830.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, A., Wiggs, C. L., Ungerleider, L. G., and Haxby, J. V. (1996). “Neural correlates of category-specific knowledge,” Nature 379, pp. 649–652.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, R. D. (1981). “Relative brain size and basal metabolic rate in terrestrial vertebrates,” Nature 293, pp. 57–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, R. D. and Harvey, P. H. (1985). “Brain size allometry: Ontogeny and phylogeny,” in Size and Scaling in Primate Biology, ed. Jungers, W. J. (New York, NY: Plenum Press, pp. 147–173).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, R. D., MacLarnon, A. M., Phillips, J. L., and Dobyns, W. B. (2006). “Flores hominid: New species or microcephalic dwarf?,” Anatomical Record 288A, pp. 1123–1145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez, I., Rosa, M., Arsuaga, J.-L., Jarabo, P., Quam, R., Lorenzo, C., Gracia, A., Carretero, J.-M., Bermudez de Castro, J. M., and Carbonell, E. (2004). “Auditory capacities in Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, pp. 9976–9981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mather, R. (1992). “A field study of hybrid gibbons in Central Kalimantan Indonesia.” Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.
Matsuzawa, T. (1985). “Use of numbers by a chimpanzee,” Nature 315, pp. 57–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maupertuis, P.-L. M. d. (1768). Dissertation sur les Différents Moyens dont les Hommes se Sont Servis Pour Exprimer Leurs Idés (Paris: Husson).Google Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1964). “Group selection and kin selection,” Nature 201, pp. 1145–1147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1976). “Sexual selection and the handicap principle,” Journal of Theoretical Biology 57, pp. 239–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1978). “Optimization theory in evolution,” Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics 9, pp. 31–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1979). “Game theory and the evolution of behaviour,” Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, B 205, pp. 475–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1982). Evolution and the Theory of Games (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1987). “Natural selection: When learning guides evolution,” Nature 329, pp. 761–762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1991). “Honest signalling: The Philip Sydney game,” Animal Behavior 42, pp. 1034–1035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1998). “The origin of altruism (Review of Sober & Wilson),” Nature 393, pp. 639–640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J., Burian, R., Kauffman, S., Alberch, P., Campbell, J., Goodwin, B., Lande, R., Raup, D., and Wolpert, L. (1985). “Developmental constraints and evolution,” The Quarterly Review of Biology 60, pp. 265–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. and Harper, D. (2003). Animal Signals (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. and Holliday, R. (eds) (1979). The Evolution of Adaptation by Natural Selection (London: The Royal Society).
Maynard Smith, J. and Price, G. R. (1973). “The logic of animal conflict,” Nature 246, pp. 15–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. and Szathmáry, E. (1995). The Major Transitions in Evolution (New York: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Mayr, E. (1951). “Taxonomic categories in fossil hominids,” Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 15, p. 109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, E. (1963). Animal Species and Evolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, E. (1974). “Behavior programs and evolutionary strategies,” American Scientist 62, pp. 650–659.Google ScholarPubMed
Mayr, E. (1982). The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, evolution and inheritance (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Mazak, V. (1981). “Panthera tigris,” Mammalian Species 152, pp. 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBrearty, S. and Brooks, A. S. (2000). “The revolution that wasn't: A new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior,” Journal of Human Evolution 39, pp. 453–563.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McBride, D. and Williams, S. (2001). “Audiometric notch as a sign of noise induced hearing loss,” Occupational and Environmental Medicine 58, pp. 46–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCarthy, J. J. (2002). A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
McComb, K., Moss, C., Sayialel, S., and Baker, L. (2000). “Unusually extensive networks of vocal recognition in African elephants,” Animal Behavior 59, pp. 1103–1109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDaniel, M. A. (2005). “Big-brained people are smarter: A meta-analysis of the relationship between in vivo brain volume and intelligence,” Intelligence 33, pp. 337–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDermott, J. and Hauser, M. D. (2005). “The origins of music: Innateness, uniqueness, and evolution,” Music Perception 23, pp. 29–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDougal, C. (1987). “The man-eating tiger in geographical and historical perspective,” in Tigers of the World: The biology, biopolitics, management, and conservation of an endangered species, ed. Tilson, R. L. and Seal, U. S. (Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes, pp. 435–447).Google Scholar
McGinn, C. (1991). The Problem of Consciousness (Oxford: Blackwell).Google Scholar
McGinnis, N., Kuziora, M. A., and McGinnis, W. (1990). “Human Hox-4.2 and Drosophila Deformed encode similar regulatory specificities in Drosophila embryos and larvae,” Cell 63, pp. 969–976.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGonigle, B. and Chalmers, M. (1977). “Are monkeys logical?,” Nature 267, pp. 694–696.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGregor, P. K. (2005). Animal Communication Networks (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrew, W. C. (1979). “Evolutionary implications of sex differences in chimpanzee predation and tool use,” in The Great Apes, ed. Hamburg, D. A. and McCown, E. R. (Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings, pp. 441–463).Google Scholar
McGrew, W. C. (1992). Chimpanzee Material Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrew, W. C. (2004). The Cultured Chimpanzee (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrew, W. C. (2007). “Savanna chimpanzees dig for food,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, pp. 19167–19168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrew, W. C. and Marchant, L. F. (1997). “On the other hand: Current issues in and meta-analysis of the behavioral laterality of hand function in nonhuman primates,” Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 40, pp. 201–232.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGurk, H. and MacDonald, J. (1976). “Hearing lips and seeing voices,” Nature 264, pp. 746–748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McHenry, H. M. (1992). “Body size and proportions in early hominids,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 87, pp. 407–431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McHenry, H. M. (1994). “Behavioral ecological implications of early hominid body size,” Journal of Human Evolution 27, pp. 77–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McHenry, H. M. (1996). “Sexual dimorphism in fossil hominids and its socioecological implications,” in The Archaeology of Human Ancestry, ed. Steele, J. and Shennan, S. (London: Routledge, 91–109).Google Scholar
McNeil, D. (1985). “So you think gestures are nonverbal?,” Psychological Review 92, pp. 350–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNeil, D. (1992). Hand and Mind: What gestures reveal about thought (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
McNeil, D. (ed.) (2000). Language and Gesture (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press).CrossRef
McNeill, D., Bertentahl, B., Cole, J., and Gallagher, S. (2005). “Gesture-first, but no gestures?,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, pp. 138–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
M'Donnel, R. (1860). “Observations on the habits and anatomy of the Lepidosiren annectans,” Natural History Review 7, pp. 93–112.Google Scholar
Mehler, J., Bertoncini, J., Barriere, M., and Jassik, D. (1978). “Infant recognition of mother's voice,” Perception 7, pp. 491–497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mehler, J., Jusczyk, P., Lambertz, G., Halsted, N., Bertoncini, J., and Amiel-Tison, C. (1988). “A precursor of language acquisition in young infants,” Cognition 29, pp. 143–178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mekel-Bobrov, N., Gilbert, S. L., Evans, P. D., Vallender, E. J., Anderson, J. R., Tishkoff, S. A., Hudson, R. R., and Lahn, B. T. (2005). “Ongoing adaptive evolution of ASPM, a brain size determinant in Homo sapiens,” Science 309, pp. 1720–1722.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mekel-Bobrov, N., Posthuma, D., Gilbert, S. L., Lind, P., Gosso, M. F., Luciano, M. et al. (2007). “The ongoing adaptive evolution of ASPM and Microcephalin is not explained by increased intelligence,” Human Molecular Genetics 16, pp. 600–608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellars, P. A. (1989). “Major issues in the emergence of modern humans,” Current Anthropology 30, pp. 349–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellars, P. A. (1991). “Cognitive changes and the emergence of modern humans in Europe,” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 1, pp. 63–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellars, P. A. (2005). “The impossible coincidence: A single-species model for the origins of modern human behavior in Europe,” Evolutionary Anthropology 14, pp. 12–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellars, P. A. (2006). “Going east: New genetic and archaeological perspectives on the modern human colonization of Eurasia,” Science 313, pp. 796–800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mellars, P. A. and Stringer, C. (eds) (1989). The Human Revolution: Modelling the earlyhuman mind (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).
Meltzoff, A. N. (1988). “The human infant as Homo imitans,” in Social Learning, ed. Zentall, T. R. and Galef, J. B. G. (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 319–341).Google Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. and Moore, M. K. (1977). “Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates,” Science 198, pp. 75–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menn, L. and Stoel-Gammon, C. (2005). “Phonological development: Learning sounds and sound patterns,” in The Development of Language, ed. Gleason, J. B. (Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon, pp. 62–111).Google Scholar
Mercader, J., Panger, M. A., and Boesch, C. (2002). “Excavation of a chimpanzee stone tool site in the African rainforest,” Science 296, pp. 1452–1455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merker, B. (2000). “Synchronous chorusing and human origins,” in The Origins of Music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 315–327).Google Scholar
Merriman, W. E. and Bowman, L. L. (1989). “The mutual exclusivity bias in children's word learning,” Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 54, pp. 1–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merzenich, M. M., Recanzone, G., Jenkins, W. M., Allard, T. T., and Nudo, R. J. (1989). “Cortical representational plasticity,” in Neurobiology of Neocortex, ed. Rakic, P. and Singer, W. (Chichester, NY: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 41–67).Google Scholar
Mesoudi, A., Whiten, A., and Laland, K. N. (2004). “Is human cultural evolution Darwinian? Evidence reviewed from the perspective of ‘The Origin of Species,’Evolution 58, pp. 1–11.Google Scholar
Messing, L. S. and Campbell, R. (eds) (1999). Gesture, Speech and Sign (Oxford: Oxford University Press).CrossRef
Micheau, C., Luboisnki, B., and Lanchi, P. (1978). “Relationship between laryngoceles and laryngeal carcinomas,” Laryngoscope 88, pp. 680–688.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miklosi, A., Kubinyi, E., Topal, J., Gacsi, M., Viranyi, Z., and Csanyi, V. (2003). “A simple reason for a big difference: Wolves do not look back at humans, but dogs do,” Current Biology 13, pp. 763–766.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miles, H. L. (1990). “The cognitive foundations for reference in a signing orangutan,” in “Language” and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. and Gibson, K. R. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 511–539).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, G. A. (1956). “The magical number seven plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information,” Psychological Review 63, pp. 81–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, G. A. (1967). “Project Grammarama,” in Psychology of Communication, ed. Miller, G. A. (New York, NY: Basic Books).Google Scholar
Miller, G. A., Galanter, E., and Pribram, K. H. (1960). Plans and the Structure of Behavior (New York, NY: Henry Holt).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, G. F. (2000). “Evolution of music through sexual selection,” in The Origins of Music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 329–360).Google Scholar
Miller, G. F. (2001). The Mating Mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature (New York, NY: Doubleday).Google Scholar
Miller, S. L. (1953). “A production of amino acids under possible primitive Earth conditions,” Science 117, pp. 527–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milovanov, R., Huotilainen, M., Välimäki, V., Esquef, P. A., and Tervaniemi, M. (2008). “Musical aptitude and second language pronunciation skills in school-aged children: Neural and behavioral evidence,” Brain Research 1194, pp. 81–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitani, J. C. and Brandt, K. L. (1994). “Social factors influence the acoustic variability in the long-distance calls of male chimpanzees,” Ethology 96, pp. 233–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitani, J. C., Hunley, K. L., and Murdoch, M. E. (1999). “Geographic variation in the calls of wild chimpanzees: A reassessment,” American Journal of Primatology 47, pp. 133–151.3.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mithen, S. (1996). The Prehistory of the Mind (London: Thames & Hudson).Google Scholar
Mithen, S. (2005). The Singing Neanderthals: The origins of music, language, mind, and body (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson).Google Scholar
Molliver, M. E. (1963). “Operant control of vocal behavior in the cat,” Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 6, pp. 197–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Molnar, S. (1972). “Tooth wear and culture: A survey of tooth functions among some prehistoric populations,” Current Anthropology 13, pp. 511–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monod, J. (1971). Chance and Necessity (New York: NY: Knopf).Google Scholar
Montague, R. (1974a). Formal Philosophy: Selected papers of Richard Montague (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press).Google Scholar
Montague, R. (1974b). “Pragmatics,” in Formal Philosophy: Selected papers of Richard Montague, ed. Thomason, R. H. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, pp. 95–118).Google Scholar
Moon, S.-J. and Lindblom, B. (2003). “Two experiments on oxygen consumption during speech production: Vocal effort and speaking tempo,” Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of the Phonetic Sciences, Barcelona, pp. 3129–3132.Google Scholar
Moore, B. C. J. (1988). An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing (New York, NY: Academic Press).Google Scholar
Morgan, C. L. (1903). An Introduction to Comparative Psychology (London: Walter Scott Publishing).Google Scholar
Morgan, E. (1997). The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis (London: Souvenir Press).Google Scholar
Morse, P. A. and Snowdon, C. T. (1975). “An investigation of categorical speech discrimination by rhesus monkeys,” Perception and Psychophysics 19, pp. 137–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, E. S. (1977). “On the occurrence and significance of motivation-structural rules in some bird and mammal sounds,” American Naturalist 111, pp. 855–869.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mowrey, R. A. and MacKay, I. R. A. (1990). “Phonological primitives: Electromyographic speech error evidence,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88, pp. 1299–1312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Møller, A. P. (1988). “False alarm calls as a means of resource usurpation in the great tit, Parus major,” Ethology 79, pp. 25–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mufwene, S. S. (2001). The Ecology of Language Evolution (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mühlhäusler, P. (1997). Pidgin and Creole Linguistics (London: University of Westminster Press).Google Scholar
Müller, F. M. (1861). “The theoretical stage, and the origin of language,” in Lectures on the Science of Language (London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts).Google Scholar
Müller, F. M. (1873). “Lectures on Mr Darwin's philosophy of language,” Fraser's Magazine 7–8, pp. 147–233.Google Scholar
Munn, C. A. (1986). “The deceptive use of alarm calls by sentinel species in mixed species flocks of neotropical birds,” in Deception: Perspectives on human and nonhuman deceit, ed. Mitchell, R. W. and Thompson, N. S. (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, pp. 169–175).Google Scholar
Myers, R. E. (1976). “Comparative neurology of vocalization and speech: Proof of a dichotomy,” Annals of the New York Academy of Science 280, pp. 745–757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myers, S. A., Horel, J. A., and Pennypacker, H. S. (1965). “Operant control of vocal behavior in the monkey Cebus albifrons,” Psychonomic Science 3, pp. 389–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myrberg, A. A. and Riggio, R. J. (1985). “Acoustically-mediated individual recognition by a coral reef fish (Pomacentrus partitus),” Animal Behaviour 33, pp. 411–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naguib, M. and Kipper, S. (2006). “Effects of different levels of song overlapping and singing behavior in male territorial nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos),” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 59, pp. 419–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naguib, M. and Todt, D. (1997). “Effects of dyadic vocal interactions on other conspecific receivers in nightingales,” Animal Behavior 54, pp. 1535–1543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nash, J. F. (1996). Essays on Game Theory (Cheltenham: Elgar).Google Scholar
Nearey, T. (1978). Phonetic Features for Vowels (Bloominton, IN: Indiana University Linguistics Club).Google Scholar
Negus, V. E. (1929). The Mechanism of the Larynx (London: Heinemann).Google Scholar
Negus, V. E. (1949). The Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Larynx (New York, NY: Hafner Publishing Company).Google Scholar
Neiworth, J. J. and Rilling, M. E. (1987). “A method for studying imagery in animals,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 13, pp. 203–214.Google Scholar
Nelson, D. A. and Marler, P. (1989). “Categorical perception of a natural stimulus continuum: Birdsong,” Science 244, pp. 976–978.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, K. (1973). “Structure and strategy in learning to talk,” Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 38, pp. 1–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nettl, B. (2000). “An ethnomusicologist contemplates universals in musical sound and musical culture,” in The Origins of Music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 463–472).Google Scholar
Nettle, D. (1999a). “Language variation and the evolution of societies,” in The Evolution of Culture, ed. Dunbar, R. I. M., Knight, C., and Power, C. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 214–227).Google Scholar
Nettle, D. (1999b). Linguistic Diversity (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google ScholarPubMed
Nettle, D. and Dunbar, R. I. M. (1997). “Social markers and the evolution of reciprocal exchange,” Current Anthropology 38, pp. 93–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, J. D. (1992). “The primate isolation call and the evolution and physiological control of human speech,” in Language Origins: A multidisciplinary approach, ed. Wind, J., Chiarelli, B. A., Bichakjian, B., and Nocentini, A. (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, pp. 301–323).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newmeyer, F. J. (1991). “Functional explanation in linguistics and the origin of language,” Language and Communication 11, pp. 3–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newmeyer, F. J. (1998a). Language Form and Language Function (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Newmeyer, F. J. (1998b). “On the supposed ‘counterfunctionality’ of Universal Grammar: Some evolutionary implications,” in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 305–319).Google Scholar
Newmeyer, F. J. (2003). “What can the field of linguistics tell us about the origins of language?,” in Language Evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. and Kirby, S. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 58–76).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newport, E. L. (1991). “Contrasting conceptions of the critical period for language,” in Epigenesis of Mind: Essays on biology and cognition, ed. Carey, S. and Gelman, R. (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 113–141).Google Scholar
Niklas, K. J. (1997). The Evolutionary Biology of Plants (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Nishimura, T., Mikami, A., Suzuki, J., and Matsuzawa, T. (2003). “Descent of the larynx in chimpanzee infants,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100, pp. 6930–6933.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishimura, T. (2007). “Development of the laryngeal air sac in chimpanzees,” International Journal of Primatology 28, pp. 483–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niyogi, P. (2006). The Computational Nature of Language Learning and Evolution (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Noad, M. J., Cato, D. H., Bryden, M. M., Jenner, M. N., and Jenner, K. C. S. (2000). “Cultural revolution in whale songs,” Nature 408, p. 537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noiré, L. (1917). The Origin and Philosophy of Language (Chicago, IL, and London: Open Court Publishing).Google Scholar
Northcutt, R. G. and Gans, C. (1983). “The genesis of neural crest and epidermal placodes: A reinterpretation of vertebrate origins,” Quarterly Review of Biology 58, pp. 1–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nottebohm, F. (1971). “Neural lateralization of vocal control in a passerine bird. I Song,” Journal of Experimental Zoology 177, pp. 229–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1973). “Comment on Hewes,” Current Anthropology 14, pp. 5–24.Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1975). “A zoologist's view of some language phenomena, with particular emphasis on vocal learning,” in Foundations of Language Development, ed. Lenneberg, E. H. and Lenneberg, E. (New York, NY: Academic Press, pp. 61–103).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1976a). “Phonation in the orange-winged Amazon parrot, Amazona amazonica,” Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 108, pp. 157–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1976b). “Vocal tract and brain: A search for evolutionary bottlenecks,” Annals of the New York Academy of Science 280, pp. 643–649.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nottebohm, F. (1999). “The anatomy and timing of vocal learning in birds,” in The Design of Animal Communication, ed. Hauser, M. D. and Konishi, M. (Cambridge, MA: MIT/Bradford, pp. 63–110).Google Scholar
Nowak, M. A., Komarova, N. L., and Niyogi, P. (2001). “Evolution of universal grammar,” Science 291, pp. 114–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nowak, M. A., Komarova, N. L., and Niyogi, P. (2002). “Computational and evolutionary aspects of language,” Nature 417, pp. 611–617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nowak, M. A., Krakauer, D. C., and Dress, A. (1999). “An error limit for the evolution of language,” Proceedings of the Royal Society, London 266, pp. 2131–2136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nowicki, S., Searcy, W. A., and Peters, S. (2002). “Quality of song learning affects female response to male bird song,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 269, pp. 1949–1954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nozick, R. (1974). Anarchy, State and Utopia (New York, NY: Basic Books).Google Scholar
O'Connell, J. F., Hawkes, K., and Blurton Jones, N. G. (1999). “Grandmothering and the evolution of Homo erectus,” Journal of Human Evolution 36, pp. 461–485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Odling-Smee, J., Laland, K. N., and Feldman, M. W. (2003). Niche Construction: The neglected process in evolution (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
O'Donnell, T. J., Hauser, M. D., and Fitch, W. T. (2005). “Using mathematical models of language experimentally,” Trends in Cognitive Science 9, pp. 284–289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogden, C. K. and Richards, I. A. (1923). The Meaning of Meaning (London: Routledge and Keagan Paul).Google Scholar
Ohala, J. J. (1983a). “Cross-language use of pitch: An ethological view,” Phonetica 40, pp. 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohala, J. J. (1983b). “The origin of sound patterns in vocal tract constraints,” in The Production of Speech, ed. MacNeilage, P. F. (New York, NY: Springer, pp. 189–216).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohala, J. J. (1984). “An ethological perspective on common cross-language utilization of F0 of voice,” Phonetica 41, pp. 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohala, J. J. (1993). “The phonetics of sound change,” in Historical Linguistics: Problems and perspectives, ed. Jones, C. (London: Longman, pp. 237–278).Google Scholar
Ohno, S. (1970). Evolution by Gene Duplication (Heidelberg: Springer).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olds, J. and Milner, P. (1954). “Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of the septal area and other regions of the rat brain,” Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology 47, pp. 419–427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orenstein, R. I. (1972). “Tool-use by the New Caledonian Crow (Corvus moneduloides),” Auk 89, pp. 674–676.Google Scholar
Orr, W. F. and Cappannari, S. C. (1964). “The emergence of language,” American Anthropologist 66, pp. 318–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oudeyer, P.-Y. (2005). “The self-organization of speech sounds,” Journal of Theoretical Biology 233, pp. 435–449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owen, R. (1835). “On the anatomy of the Cheetah, Felis jubata,” Transactions of the Zoological Society (London) 1, pp. 129–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owren, M. J., Dieter, J. A., Seyfarth, R. M., and Cheney, D. L. (1993). “Vocalizations of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Japanese (M. fuscata) macaques cross-fostered between species show evidence of only limited modification,” Developmental Psychobiology 26, pp. 389–406.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owren, M. J. and Rendall, D. (2001). “Sound on the rebound: Bringing form and function back to the forefront in understanding nonhuman primate vocal signaling,” Evolutionary Anthropology 10, pp. 58–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Packer, C. (1977). “Reciprocal altruism in Papio anubis,” Nature 265, pp. 441–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pagel, M. D. (1992). “A method for the analysis of comparative data,” Journal of Theoretical Biology 156, pp. 434–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pagel, M. D., Atkinson, Q. D., and Meade, A. (2007). “Frequency of word-use predicts rates of lexical evolution throughout Indo-European history,” Nature 449, pp. 717–721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pagel, M. D. and Harvey, P. H. (1989). “Taxonomic differences in the scaling of brain on body weight among mammals,” Science 244, pp. 1589–1593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pagel, M. D., Venditti, C., and Meade, A. (2006). “Large punctuational contribution of speciation to evolutionary divergence at the molecular level,” Science 314, pp. 119–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paget, R. A. S. (1923). “The production of artificial vowel sounds,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A 102, pp. 752–765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paget, R. A. S. (1930). Human Speech (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co.).Google Scholar
Paget, R. A. S. (1944). “The origin of language,” Science 99, pp. 14–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmer, A. R. (2002). “Chimpanzee right-handedness reconsidered: Evaluating the evidence with funnel plots,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 118, pp. 191–199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmer, C. T. (1991). “Kin selection, reciprocal altruism and information sharing among Maine lobstermen,” Ethology and Sociobiology 12, pp. 221–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panchanathan, K. and Boyd, R. (2004). “Indirect reciprocity can stabilize cooperation without the second-order free rider problem,” Nature 432, pp. 499–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panchen, A. L. (1994). “Richard Owen and the concept of homology,” in Homology: The hierarchical basis of comparative biology, ed. Hall, B. K. (San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 21–62).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panopoulou, G., Hennig, S., Groth, D., Krause, A., Poustka, A. J., Herwig, R., Vingron, M., and Lehrach, H. (2003). “New evidence for genome-wide duplications at the origin of vertebrates using an amphioxus gene set and completed animal genomes,” Genome Research 13, pp. 1056–1066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parker, G. A. and Maynard Smith, J. (1990). “Optimality Theory in evolutionary biology,” Nature 348, pp. 27–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parkes, A. P. (2002). Introduction to Languages, Machines and Logic: Computable languages, abstract machines and formal logic (New York, NY: Springer).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patel, A. D. (2003). “Language, music, syntax and the brain,” Nature Neuroscience 6, pp. 674–681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patel, A. D. (2008). Music, Language, and the Brain (New York, NY: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Patterson, D. and Pepperberg, I. (1994). “A comparative study of human and parrot phonation: Acoustic and articulatory correlates of vowels,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, pp. 634–648.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patterson, D. and Pepperberg, I. (1998). “Acoustic and articulatory correlates of stop consonants in a parrot and a human subject,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, pp. 2197–2215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, F. G. (1978). “The gestures of a gorilla: Language acquisition in another pongid,” Brain and Language 5, pp. 72–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paulsen, K. (1967). Das Prinzip der Stimmbildung in der Wirbeltierreihe und beim Menschen (Frankfurt a. M.: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft).Google Scholar
Paus, T. (2001). “Primate anterior cingulate cortex: Where motor control, drive and cognition interface,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2, pp. 417–424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Payne, K. (2000). “The progressively changing songs of humpback whales: A window on the creative process in a wild animal,” in The Origins of Music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 135–150).Google Scholar
Payne, R. and McVay, S. (1971). “Songs of humpback whales,” Science 173, pp. 583–597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paz-y-Miño, G., Bond, A. B., Kamil, A. C., and Balda, R. P. (2004). “Pinyon jays use transitive inference to predict social dominance,” Nature 430, pp. 778–781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peccei, J. S. (2006). Child Language: A resource book for students (London: Routledge).Google Scholar
Penfield, W. and Welch, K. (1951). “The supplementary motor area of the cerebral cortex: A clinical and experimental study,” AMA Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 66, pp. 289–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pepperberg, I. M. (1990). “Conceptual abilities of some nonprimate species, with an emphasis on an African Grey parrot,” in “Language” and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes: Caomparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. and Gibson, K. R. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 469–507).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. (1991). “A communicative approach to animal cognition: A study of conceptual abilities of an African grey parrot,” in Cognitive Ethology, ed. Ristau, C. A.. (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 153–186).Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. (1994). “Numerical competence in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus eithacus),” Journal of Comparative Psychology 108, pp. 36–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. (1999). The Alex Studies: Cognitive and communicative abilities of grey parrots (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. and Brezinsky, M. V. (1991). “Acquisition of a relative class concept by an African Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus): Discriminations based on relative size,” Journal of Comparative Psychology 105, pp. 286–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M., Garcia, S. E., Jackson, E. C., and Marconi, S. (1995). “Mirror use by African Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus),” Journal of Comparative Psychology 109, pp. 182–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. and Wilcox, S. E. (2000). “Evidence for a form of mutual exclusivity during label acquisition by grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)?,” Journal of Comparative Psychology 114, pp. 219–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peretz, I., Ayotte, J., Zatorre, R. J., Mehler, J., Ahad, P., Penhune, U., and Jutras, B. (2002). “Congenital amusia: A disorder of fine-grained pitch discrimination,” Neuron 33, pp. 185–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peretz, I. and Zatorre, R. J. (eds) (2003). The Cognitive Neuroscience of Music (Oxford: Oxford University Press).CrossRef
Perkell, J. S. (1969). Physiology of Speech Production: Results and implications of a quantitative cineradiographic study (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Perrett, D. I., Smith, P. A. J., Mistlin, A. J., Head, A. S., Potter, D. D., Milner, A. D., Broennimann, R., and Jeeves, M. A. (1985). “Visual analysis of body movements by neurones in the temporal cortex of the macaque monkey: A preliminary report,” Behavioral Brain Research 16, pp. 153–170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perry, G. H., Verrelli, B. C., and Stone, A. C. (2004). “Comparative analyses reveal a complex history of molecular evolution for human MYH16,” Molecular Biology and Evolution 22, pp. 379–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petitto, L. A. and Marentette, P. (1991). “Babbling in the manual mode: Evidence for the ontogeny of language,” Science 251, pp. 1493–1496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pfungst, O. (1911). Clever Hans: The horse of Mr. von Osten (Bristol: Thoemmes).Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1962). Play, Dreams and Imitation in Childhood (New York, NY: Norton Press).Google Scholar
Piattelli-Palmarini, M. (1989). “Evolution, selection, and cognition: From ‘learning’ to parameter setting in biology and the study of language,” Cognition 31, pp. 1–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinker, S. (1994a). “On language,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 6, pp. 92–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinker, S. (1994b). The Language Instinct (New York, NY: William Morrow and Company).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinker, S. (1997). How the Mind Works (New York, NY: Norton).Google Scholar
Pinker, S. and Bloom, P. (1990). “Natural language and natural selection,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13, pp. 707–784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinker, S. and Jackendoff, R. (2005). “The faculty of language: What's special about it?,” Cognition 95, pp. 201–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plavcan, and Schaik, C. P. (1997). “Interpreting hominid behavior on the basis of sexual dimorphism,” Journal of Human Evolution 32, pp. 345–374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plooij, F. X. (1984). The Behavioral Development of Free-living Chimpanzee Babies and Infants (Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation).Google Scholar
Plotnik, J. M., de Waal, F. B. M., and Reiss, D. (2006). “Self-recognition in an Asian elephant,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, pp. 17053–17057.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plummer, T. (2004). “Flaked stones and old bones: Biological and cultural evolution at the dawn of technology,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 39, pp. 118–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plutynski, A. (2006). “What was Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection and what was it for?,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 37, pp. 59–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Podos, J. (1997). “A performance constraint on the evolution of trilled vocalizations in a songbird family (Passeriformes: Emberizidae),” Evolution 51, pp. 537–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Podos, J., Nowicki, S., and Peters, S. (1999). “Permissiveness in the learning and development of song syntax in swamp sparrows,” Animal Behavior 58, pp. 93–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pollard, C. and Sag, I. (1987). Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Pomiankowski, A. (1987). “Sexual selection: The handicap principle does work – sometimes,” Proceedings of the Royal Society London, B 231, pp. 123–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poole, J. H., Tyack, P. L., Stoeger-Horwath, A. S., and Watwood, S. (2005). “Elephants are capable of vocal learning,” Nature 434, pp. 455–456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poremba, A., Malloy, M., Saunders, R. C., Carson, R. E., Herscovitch, P., and Mishkin, M. (2004). “Species-specific calls evoke asymmetric activity in the monkey's temporal poles,” Nature 427, pp. 448–451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Portner, P. H. (2005). What is Meaning: Fundamentals of formal semantics (Oxford: Blackwell).Google Scholar
Povinelli, D. J., Bierschwale, D. T., and Cech, C. G. (1999). “Comprehension of seeing as a referential act in young children, but not juvenile chimpanzees,” British Journal of Developmental Psychology 17, pp. 37–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Povinelli, D. J. and Cant, J. G. H. (1995). “Arboreal clambering and the evolution of self-conception,” Quarterly Review of Biology 70, pp. 393–421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Povinelli, D. J., Nelson, K. E., and Boysen, S. T. (1990). “Inferences about guessing and knowing by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes),” Journal of Comparative Psychology 104, pp. 203–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Povinelli, D. J., Parks, K. A., and Novak, M. A. (1991). “Do rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) attribute knowledge and ignorance to others?Journal of Comparative Psychology 105, pp. 318–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power, C. (1998). “Old wives' tales: The gossip hypothesis and the reliability of cheap signals,” in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 111–129).Google Scholar
Premack, D. (1971). “Language in chimpanzee?Science 172, pp. 808–822.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Premack, D. (1986). Gavagai! Or the Future History of the Animal Language Controversy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Premack, D. and Woodruff, G. (1978). “Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4, pp. 515–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pressing, J. (1983). “Cognitive isomorphisms between pitch and rhythm in world musics: West Africa, the Balkans and Western tonality,” Studies in Music 17, pp. 38–61.Google Scholar
Preuschoft, S. (1995). “‘Laughter’ and ‘smiling’ in macaques: An evolutionary perspective.” Unpublished PhD thesis, Utrecht University.
Prinz, W. (2002). “Experimental approaches to imitation,” in The Imitative Mind: Development, evolution and brain bases, ed. Meltzoff, A. N. and Prinz, W. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 143–162).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prothero, D. R. and Dott, R. H.. (2004). Evolution of the Earth (Boston, MA: McGraw Hill).Google Scholar
Pruetz, J. D. and Bertolani, P. (2007). “Savanna chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus, hunt with tools,” Current Biology 17, pp. 412–417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pulleyblank, E. G. (1989). “The meaning of duality of patterning and its importance in language evolution,” in Studies in Language Origins, ed. Wind, J., Pulleyblank, E. G., Grolier, É. d., and Bichakjian, B. H. (Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 53–65).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pullum, G. K. and Gazdar, G. (1982). “Natural languages and context-free languages,” Linguistics and Philosophy 4, pp. 471–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purves, D. (1988). Body and Brain: A trophic theory of neural connections (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Purves, D. and Lichtman, J. W. (1980). “Elimination of synapses in the developing nervous system,” Science 210, pp. 153–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Putnam, N., Butts, , Ferrier, T., Furlong, D. E. K., Hellsten, R. F., Kawashima, U., , T.et al. (2008). “The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype,” Nature 453, pp. 1064–1071.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qiang, J., Currie, P. J., Norell, M. A., and Shu-An, J. (1998). “Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China,” Nature 393, pp. 753–761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quine, W. V. O. (1960). Word and Object (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Raff, R. A. and Kaufman, T. C. (1983). Embryos, Genes and Evolution (New York, NY: Macmillan).Google Scholar
Rainey, H. J., Zuberbühler, K., and Slater, P. J. B. (2004). “Hornbills can distinguish between primate alarm calls,” Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 271, pp. 755–759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ralls, K., Fiorelli, P., and Gish, S. (1985). “Vocalizations and vocal mimicry in captive harbor seals, Phoca vitulina,” Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, pp. 1050–1056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramachandran, V. S. (2006). “Mirror neurons and imitation learning as the driving force behind ‘the great leap forward’ in human evolution.” Available at www.edge.org/3rd_culture/ramachandran/ramachandran_p1.html
Ramus, F. (2002). “Language discrimination by newborns: Teasing apart phonotactic, rhythmic, and intonational cues,” Annual Review of Language Acquisition 2, pp. 85–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramus, F., Hauser, M. D., Miller, C. T., Morris, D., and Mehler, J. (2000). “Language discrimination by human newborns and cotton-top tamarin monkeys,” Science 288, pp. 349–351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramus, F., Nespor, M., and Mehler, J. (1999). “Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal,” Cognition 73, pp. 265–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Randolph, M. C. and Brooks, B. B. (1967). “Conditioning of a vocal response in a chimpanzee through social reinforcement,” Folia Primatologica 5, pp. 70–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rauschecker, J. P. (2005). “Vocal gestures and auditory objects,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, pp. 143–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reader, S. M. and Laland, K. N. (2002). “Social intelligence, innovation, and enhanced brain size in primates,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 99, pp. 4436–4441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reby, D. and McComb, K. (2003). “Anatomical constraints generate honesty: Acoustic cues to age and weight in the roars of red deer stags,” Animal Behavior 65, pp. 519–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reby, D., McComb, K., Cargnelutti, B., Darwin, C., Fitch, W. T., and Clutton-Brock, T. (2005). “Red deer stags use formants as assessment cues during intrasexual agonistic interactions,” Procedings of the Royal Society London, B 272, pp. 941–947.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, D. L., Smith, V. S., Hammond, S. L., Rogers, A. R., and Clayton, D. H. (2004). “Genetic analysis of lice supports direct contact between modern and archaic humans,” PLOS Biology 2, p. e340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reichard, U. H. and Boesch, C. (eds) (2003). Monogamy: Mating strategies and partnerships in birds, humans and other mammals (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRef
Reiss, D. and Marino, L. (2001). “Mirror self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: A case of cognitive convergence,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98, pp. 5937–5942.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reiss, D. and McCowan, B. (1993). “Spontaneous vocal mimicry and production by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Evidence for vocal learning,” Journal of Comparative Psychology 107, pp. 301–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rendall, D., Cheney, D. L., and Seyfarth, R. M. (2000). “Proximate factors mediating ‘contact’ calls in adult female baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) and their infants,” Journal of Comparative Psychology 114, 36–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rendall, D., Owren, M. J., and Rodman, P. S. (1998). “The role of vocal tract filtering in identity cueing in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) vocalizations,” Joural of the Acoustical Society of America 103, pp. 602–614.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rendall, D., Rodman, P. S., and Emond, R. E. (1996). “Vocal recognition of individuals and kin in free-ranging rhesus monkeys,” Animal Behavior 51, pp. 1007–1015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rendall, D., Vokey, J. R., Nemeth, C., and Ney, C. (2005). “Reliable but weak voice-formant cues to body size in men but not women,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, p. 2372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reno, P. L., Meindl, R. S., McCollum, M. A., and Lovejoy, C. O. (2003). “Sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis was similar to that of modern humans,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100, pp. 9404–9409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rensch, B. (1956). “Increase of learning capability with increase of brain-size,” American Naturalist 15, pp. 81–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Repp, B. H. (1982). “Phonetic trading relations and context effects: New experimental evidence for a speech mode of perception,” Psychological Bulletin 92, pp. 81–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Révész, G. (1956). The Origins and Prehistory of Language (New York, NY: Philosophical Library).Google Scholar
Reynolds Losin, E. A., Russell, J. L., Freeman, H., Meguerditchian, A., and Hopkins, W. D. (2008). “Left hemisphere specialization for oro-facial movements of learned vocal signals by captive chimpanzees,” PLOS ONE 3, p. e2529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richerson, P. J. and Boyd, R. (2005). Not by Genes Alone: How culture transformed human evolution (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Richman, B. (1976). “Some vocal distinctive features used by gelada monkeys,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 60, pp. 718–724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richman, B. (1987). “Rhythm and melody in gelada vocal exchanges,” Primates 28, pp. 199–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richman, B. (1993). “On the evolution of speech: Singing as the middle term,” Current Anthropology 34, pp. 721–722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richmond, B. G., Begun, D. R., and Strait, D. S. (2001). “Origin of human bipedalism: The knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited,” Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 44, pp. 70–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ridley, M. (1997). Evolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Ridley, M. (2003). Nature Via Nurture: Genes, experience, and what makes us human (New York, NY: HarperCollins).Google Scholar
Riebel, K. (2003). “The ‘mute’ sex revisited: Vocal production and perception learning in female songbirds,” Advances in the Study of Behavior 33, pp. 49–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riechert, S. E. (1978). “Games spiders play: Behavioural variability in territorial disputes,” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 3, pp. 135–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riede, T. and Fitch, W. T. (1999). “Vocal tract length and acoustics of vocalization in the domestic dog Canis familiaris,” Journal of Experimental Biology 202, pp. 2859–2867.Google ScholarPubMed
Ritchison, G. (1983). “The function of singing in female black-headed grosbeaks (Pheucticus melanocephalus): Family group maintenance,” Auk 100, pp. 105–116.Google Scholar
Ritchison, G. (1986). “The singing behavior of female northern cardinals,” Condor 88, pp. 156–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rizzolatti, G. and Arbib, M. A. (1998). “Language within our grasp,” Trends in Neuroscience 21, pp. 188–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., and Fogassi, L. (1996). “Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions,” Cognitive Brain Research 3, pp. 131–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, W. A. (1998). Principles of Animal Cognition (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill).Google Scholar
Robinson, J. G. (1984). “Syntactic structures in the vocalizations of wedge-capped capuchin monkeys, Cebus nigrivittatus,” Behaviour 90, pp. 46–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodenstein, D. O., Perlmutter, N., and Stanescu, D. C. (1985). “Infants are not obligatory nasal breathers,” American Review of Respiratory Disease 131, pp. 343–347.Google Scholar
Roe, A. W., Pallas, S. L., Hahm, J.-O., and Sur, M. (1990). “A map of visual space induced in primary auditory cortex,” Science 250, pp. 818–820.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roede, M., Wind, J., Patrick, J., and Reynolds, V. (1991). The Aquatic Ape: Fact or fiction? (London: Souvenir Press).Google Scholar
Rogers, J. and Pullum, G. K. (2009). “Aural pattern recognition experiments and the subregular hierarchy,” UCLA Working Papers in Linguistics 10, pp. 1–16.Google Scholar
Rogers, L. J. and Kaplan, G. T. (eds) (2004). Comparative vertebrate cognition: Are primates superior to non-primates? (New York, NY: Kluwer Academic).CrossRef
Roitblat, H. L., Bever, T. G., and Terrace, H. S. (eds) (1984). Animal Cognition (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum).
Roland, P. E., Larsen, B., Lassen, N. A., and Skinhoj, E. (1980). “Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organization of voluntary movements in man,” Journal of Neurophysiology 43, pp. 118–136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Romer, A. S. (1941). Man and the Vertbrates (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Rosen, S. and Howell, P. (1981). “Plucks and bows are not categorically perceived,” Perception and Psychophysics 30, pp. 156–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, E. D. (1981). “The aprosodias: Functional-anatomic organization of the affective components of language in the right hemisphere,” Archives of Neurology 38, pp. 561–569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ross, E. D. (1988). “Acoustic analysis of affective prosody during right-sided Wada test: A within-subjects verification of the right hemisphere's role in language,” Brain and Language 33, pp. 128–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rothstein, E. (2006). Emblems of Mind: The inner life of music and mathematics (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Rousseau, J.-J. (1966[1781]). Essay on the Origin of Languages (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Rubin, D. C. (1995). Memory in Oral Traditions: The cognitive psychology of epics, ballads, and counting-out rhymes (New York, NY: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Rubin, D. C., Wallace, W. T., and Houston, B. C. (1993). “The beginnings of expertise for ballads,” Cognitive Science 17, pp. 435–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruelle, D. (1991). Chance and Chaos (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Ruse, M. (1986). Taking Darwin Seriously (New York, NY: Basil Blackwell).Google Scholar
Russell, B. and Whitehead, A. N. (1910). Principia Mathematica (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Ruvolo, M. E., Zehr, S., and Von Dornum, M. (1993). “Mitochondrial COII sequences and modern human origins,” Molecular Biology and Evolution 10, pp. 1115–1135.Google ScholarPubMed
Sabater Pi, J., Veà, J. J., and Serrallonga, J. (1997). “Did the first hominids build nests?,” Current Anthropology 38, pp. 914–917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sacks, O. (1985). The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales (New York, NY: Perennial Library).Google Scholar
Sampson, G. (1980). Schools of Linguistics (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press).Google Scholar
Sampson, G. (1997). Educating Eve: The ‘language instinct’ debate (London: Cassell).Google Scholar
Sandberg, R., Yasuda, R., Pankratz, D. G., Carter, T. A., Del Rio, J. A., Wodicka, L., Mayford, M., Lockhart, D. J., and Barlow, C. (2000). “Regional and strain-specific gene expression mapping in the adult mouse brain,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, pp. 11038–11043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sapir, E. (1921). Language (New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace and Co.).Google Scholar
Sapir, E. (1929). “A study in phonetic symbolism,” Journal of Experimental Psychology 12, pp. 225–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sasaki, C. T., Levine, P. A., Laitman, J. T., and Crelin, E. S. (1977). “Postnatal descent of the epiglottis in man,” Archives of Otolaryngology 103, pp. 169–171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saussure, F. (1916). Course in General Linguistics (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill).Google Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1986). Ape Language: From conditioned response to symbol (New York, NY: Columbia University Press).Google Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Murphy, J., Sevcik, R. A., Brakke, K. E., Williams, S. L., and Rumbaugh, D. M. (1993). “Language comprehension in ape and child,” Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 58, pp. 1–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Sevcik, R. A., and Hopkins, W. D. (1988). “Symbolic cross-modal transfer in two species of chimpanzees,” Child Development 59, pp. 617–625.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sayigh, L. S., Tyack, P. L., Wells, R. S., and Scott, M. D. (1990). “Signature whistles of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus: Stability and mother–offspring comparisons,” Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 26, pp. 247–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scharff, C. and Haesler, S. (2005). “An evolutionary perspective on FoxP2: Strictly for the birds?,” Current Opinion in Neurobiology 15, pp. 694–703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scherer, K. R. (1985). “Vocal affect signaling: A comparative approach,” Advances in the Study of Behavior 15, pp. 189–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlaug, G. (2001). “The musician brain: Evidence for functional and structural adaptation,” Annals of the New York Academy of Science 930, pp. 281–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt-Nielsen, K., Bretz, W., and Taylor, C. (1970). “Panting in dogs: Unidirectional air flow over evaporative surfaces,” Science 169, pp. 1102–1104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, R. (1964). “Der Larynx der Säugetiere,” Handbuch der Zoologie 5, pp. 1–128.Google Scholar
Schusterman, R. J. (2008). “Vocal learning in mammals with special emphasis on pinnipeds,” in The Evolution of Communicative Flexibility: Complexity, creativity, and adaptability in human and animal communication, ed. Oller, D. K and U. Griebel (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 41–70).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schusterman, R. J. and Feinstein, S. H. (1965). “Shaping and discriminative control of underwater click vocalizations in a California sea lion,” Science 150, pp. 1743–1744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schusterman, R. J. and Gisiner, R. (1988). “Artificial language comprehension in dolphins and sea lions: The essential cognitive skills,” Psychological Record 38, pp. 311–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schusterman, R. J. and Krieger, K. (1984). “California sea lions are capable of semantic comprehension,” Psychological Record 34, pp. 3–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, J. and Tallal, P. (1980). “Rate of acoustic change may underlie hemispheric specialization for speech perception,” Science 207, pp. 1380–1381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, S. K. (2005). “The neurobiology of speech perception,” in Twenty-First Century Psycholinguistics: Four cornerstones, ed. Cutler, A. (London: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 141–156).Google Scholar
Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech Acts: An essay in the philosophy of language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seashore, C. (1967). The Psychology of Music (New York, NY: Dover).Google Scholar
Sebeok, T. A. (1977). How Animals Communicate (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press).Google Scholar
Semaw, S., Renne, P., Harris, J. W., Feibel, C. S., Bernor, R. L., Fesseha, N., and Mowbray, K. (1997). “2.5-million-year-old stone tools from Gona, Ethiopia,” Nature 385, pp. 333–336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Senghas, A. and Coppola, M. (2001). “Children creating language: How Nicaraguan Sign Language acquired a spatial grammar,” Psychological Science 12, pp. 323–328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Senghas, A., Kita, S., and Özyürek, A. (2005). “Children creating core properties of language: Evidence from an emerging sign language in Nicaragua,” Science 305, pp. 1779–1782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seuren, P. (1998). Western Linguistics: An historical introduction (Oxford: Blackwell).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seyfarth, R. M. (2005). “Continuities in vocal communication argue against a gestural origin of language,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, pp. 144–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seyfarth, R. M. and Cheney, D. L. (1984). “Grooming, alliances and reciprocal altruism in vervet monkeys,” Nature 308, pp. 541–543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seyfarth, R. M. and Cheney, D. L. (1997). “Behavioral mechanisms underlying vocal communication in nonhuman primates,” Animal Learning and Behavior 25, pp. 249–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seyfarth, R. M. and Cheney, D. L. (2003). “Signalers and receivers in animal communication,” Annual Review of Psychology 54, pp. 145–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seyfarth, R. M. and Cheney, D. L. (2005). “Constraints and preadaptations in the earliest stages of language evolution,” Linguistic Review 22, pp. 135–159.Google Scholar
Seyfarth, R. M. and Cheney, D. L. (in press). “Primate social cognition as a precursor to language,” in The Oxford Handbook of Language Evolution, ed. Tallerman, M. and Gibson, K. (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Seyfarth, R. M., Cheney, D. L., and Bergman, T. J. (2005). “Primate social cognition and the origins of language,” Trends in Cognitive Science 9, pp. 264–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seyfarth, R. M., Cheney, D. L., and Marler, P. (1980a). “Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: Evidence of predator classification and semantic communication,” Science 210, pp. 801–803.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seyfarth, R. M., Cheney, D. L., and Marler, P. (1980b). “Vervet monkey alarm calls: Semantic communication in a free-ranging primate,” Animal Behavior 28, pp. 1070–1094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shannon, C. E. and Weaver, W. (1949). The Mathematical Theory of Communication (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois).Google Scholar
Shattuck-Hufnagel, S. (1979). “Speech errors as evidence for a serial ordering mechanism in sentence production,” in Sentence Processing: Psycholinguistic studies presented to Merrill Garrett, ed. Cooper, W. E. and Walker, E. C. T. (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 295–342).Google Scholar
Shea, J. J. (2003). “Neandertals, competition, and the origin of modern human behavior in the Levant,” Evolutionary Anthropology 12, pp. 173–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherman, P. W. (1977). “Nepotism and the evolution of alarm calls,” Science 197, pp. 1246–1253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sherman, P. W. (1985). “Alarm calls of Belding's ground squirrels to aerial predators: Nepotism or self-preservation?,” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 17, pp. 313–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shettleworth, S. J. (1998). Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Shieber, S. M. (1985). “Evidence against the context-freeness of natural language,” Linguistics and Philosophy 8, pp. 333–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shu, W., Cho, J. Y., Jiang, Y., Zhang, M., Weisz, D., Elder, G. A., Schmeidler, J., Gasperi, R., Gama Sosa, M. A., Rabidou, D., Santucci, A. C., Perl, D., Morrisey, E., and Buxbaum, J. D. (2005). “Altered ultrasonic vocalization in mice with a disruption in the Foxp2 gene,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 102, pp. 9643–9648.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shubin, N. (2008). Your Inner Fish: A journey into the 3.5 billion-year history of the human body (London: Penguin Books).Google Scholar
Shubin, N., Tabin, C., and Carroll, S. (1997). “Fossils, genes and the evolution of animal limbs,” Nature 388, pp. 639–648.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegelmann, H. T. and Sontag, E. D. (1991). “Turing computability with neural nets,” Applied Mathematics Letters 4, pp. 77–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silk, J. B., Cheney, D. L., and Seyfarth, R. M. (1996). “The form and function of post-conflict interactions between female baboons,” Animal Behavior 52, pp. 259–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silk, J. B., Cheney, D. L., and Seyfarth, R. M. (1999). “The structure of social relationships among female baboons,” Behaviour 136, pp. 679–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Síma, J. and Orponen, P. (2003). “General-purpose computation with neural networks: A survey of complexity theoretic results,” Neural Computation 15, pp. 2727–2778.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simon, H. A. (1962). “The architecture of complexity,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 106, pp. 467–482.Google Scholar
Simon, H. A. (1972). “Complexity and the representation of patterned sequences of symbols,” Psychological Review 79, pp. 369–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, H. A. (1974). “How big is a chunk?,” Science 183, pp. 482–488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simons, E. L. (1995). “Egyptian oligocene primates: A review,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 38, pp. 199–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, I. (2000). Pidgins and Creoles: An introduction (London: Arnold).Google Scholar
Sinnott, J. M. and Brown, C. H. (1997). “Perception of the American English liquid /ra-la/ contrast by humans and monkeys,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102, pp. 588–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sinnott, J. M. and Saporita, T. A. (2000). “Differences in American English, Spanish, and monkey perception of the say-stay trading relation,” Perception and Psychophysics 62, pp. 1312–1319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sinnott, J. M. and Williamson, T. L. (1999). “Can macaques perceive place of articulation from formant transition information?,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106, pp. 929–937.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sipser, M. (1997). Introduction to the Theory of Computation (Boston, MA: PWS Publishing).Google Scholar
Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal Behavior (New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slijper, E. J. (1942). “Biologic-anatomical investigations on the bipedal gait and upright posture in mammals, with special reference to a little goat, born without forelegs,” Proceedings Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen 45, pp. 288–295, 407–415.Google Scholar
Sloboda, J. A. (1985). The Musical Mind: The cognitive psychology of music (Oxford: Clarendon).Google Scholar
Slobodchikoff, C. N., Kiriazis, J., Fischer, C., and Creef, E. (1991). “Semantic information distinguishing individual predators in the alarm calls of Gunnison's prairie dogs,” Animal Behavior 42, pp. 713–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slocombe, K. E. and Zuberbühler, K. (2005). “Functionally referential communication in a chimpanzee,” Current Biology 15, pp. 1779–1784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slocombe, K. E. and Zuberbühler, K. (2007). “Chimpanzees modify recruitment screams as a function of audience composition,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, pp. 17228–17233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, A. G. (1966). “Speech and other functions after left (dominant) hemispherectomy,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 109, pp. 95–150.Google Scholar
Smith, D. R. R., Patterson, R. D., Turner, R., Kawahara, H., and Irino, T. (2005). “The processing and perception of size information in speech sounds,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, pp. 305–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smithson, T. R. (1989). “The earliest known reptile,” Nature 342, pp. 676–678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sober, E. and Wilson, D. S. (1998). Unto Others: The evolution and psychology of unselfish behavior (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Sommers, M. S., Moody, D. B., Prosen, C. A., and Stebbins, W. C. (1992). “Formant frequency discrimination by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata),” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, pp. 3499–3510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sonntag, C. F. (1921). “The comparative anatomy of the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) and Vulpine Phalanger (Trichosurus vulpecula),” Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 39, pp. 547–577.Google Scholar
Sperber, D. and Wilson, D. (1986). Relevance: Communication and cognition (Oxford: Blackwell).Google Scholar
Spoor, F., Leakey, M. G., Gathogo, P. N., Brown, F. H., Antón, S. C., McDougall, I., Kiarie, C., Manthi, F. K., and Leakey, L. N. (2007). “Implications of new early Homo fossils from Ileret, east of Lake Turkana, Kenya,” Nature 448, pp. 688–691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stabler, E. P. (2004). “Varieties of crossing dependencies: Structure dependence and mild context sensitivity,” Cognitive Science 28, pp. 699–720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stalnaker, R. C. (1972). “Pragmatics,” in Semantics of Natural Language, ed. Davidson, D. and Harman, G. (Dordrecht: Reidel, pp. 380–397).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stam, J. H. (1976). Inquiries Into the Origin of Language (New York, NY: Harper & Row).Google Scholar
Stamenov, M. I. and Gallese, V. (eds) (2002). Mirror Neurons and the Evolution of Brain and Language (Amsterdam: John Benjamins).CrossRef
Stanford, C. B., Wallis, J., Matama, H., and Goodall, J. (1994a). “Patterns of predation by chimpanzees on red colobus monkeys in Gombe National Park, 1982–1991,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 94, pp. 213–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stanford, C. B., Wallis, J., Mpongo, E., and Goodall, J. (1994b). “Hunting decisions in wild chimpanzees,” Behaviour 131, pp. 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stedman, H. H., Kozyak, B. W., Nelson, A., Thesier, D. M., Su, L. T., and Low, D. W., Bridges, C. R., Shrager, J. B., Minugh-Purvis, N., and Mitchell, M. (2004). “Myosin gene mutation correlates with anatomical changes in the human lineage,” Nature 428, pp. 415–418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steedman, M. J. (1996). “Categorial grammar,” in Concise Encyclopedia of Syntactic Theories, ed. Brown, E. K. and Miller, J. E. (Oxford: Pergamon, pp. 31–44).Google Scholar
Steels, L. (1997). “The synthetic modeling of language origins,” Evolution of Communication 1, pp. 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steels, L. (2000). “The puzzle of language evolution,” Kognitionswissenschaft 8, pp. 143–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steels, L. (2002). “Grounding symbols through evolutionary language games,” in Simulating the Evolution of Language, ed. Cangelosi, A. and Parisi, D. (New York, NY: Springer, pp. 211–226).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steklis, H. D. and Raleigh, M. J. (1973). “Comment on Livingstone,” Current Anthropology 14, p. 27.Google Scholar
Stensiö, E. A. (1921). Triassic Fishes from Spitzbergen (Vienna: Holzhausen).Google Scholar
Stephan, H., Frahm, H., and Baron, G. (1981). “New and revised data on volumes of brain structures in insectivores and primates,” Folia Primatologica 35, pp. 1–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephenson, P. H. (1974). “On the possible significance of silence for the origin of speech,” Current Anthropology 15, pp. 324–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sterelny, K. (2001). Dawkins vs. Gould: Survival of the fittest (London: Icon Books).Google Scholar
Stoel-Gammon, C. and Otomo, K. (1986). “Babbling development of hearing-imparied and normally hearing subjects,” Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 51, pp. 33–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokoe, W. C. (1960). Sign Language Structure: An outline of the communicative systems of the American deaf (Silver Spring, MD: Linstock Press).Google Scholar
Stokoe, W. C. (1974). “Motor signs as the first form of language,” in Language Origins, ed. Wescott, R. W. (Silver. Spring, MD: Linstock Press, pp. 35–49).Google Scholar
Stokoe, W. C. (2001). Language in Hand: Why sign came before speech (Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press).Google Scholar
Stout, D., Toth, N., Schick, K., and Chaminade, T. (2008). “Neural correlates of Early Stone Age toolmaking: Technology, language and cognition in human evolution,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 363, pp. 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Street, A., Young, S., Tafuri, J., and Ilari, B. (2003). “Mothers' attitudes towards singing to their infants,” Proceedings of the 5th Triennial ESCOM Conference 5, pp. 628–631.Google Scholar
Striedter, G. F. (2004). Principles of Brain Evolution (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer).Google Scholar
Stringer, C. and Andrews, P. (2005). The Complete World of Human Evolution (London: Thames & Hudson).Google Scholar
Struhsaker, T. T. (1967). “Auditory communication among vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops),” in Social Communication Among Primates, ed. Altmann, S. A. (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, pp. 281–324).Google Scholar
Struhsaker, T. T. (1970). The Red Colobus Monkey (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press).Google Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1998). “The particulate origins of language generativity: From syllable to gesture,” in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 202–221).Google Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. and Goldstein, L. (2003). “Launching language: The gestural origins of discrete infinity,” in Language Evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. and Kirby, S. (Oxford: Oxford Unviersity Press, pp. 235–254).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suddendorf, T. and Corballis, M. C. (2007). “The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans?,” Behavioral & Brain Sciences 30, pp. 299–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suga, N., Niwa, H., Taniguchi, I., and Margoliash, D. (1987). “The personalized auditory cortex of the mustached bat: Adaptation for echolocation,” Journal of Neurophysiology 58, pp. 643–654.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sugiyama, Y. and Koman, J. (1979). “Tool-using and tool-making behavior in wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea,” Primates 20, pp. 513–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundberg, J. (1987). The Science of the Singing Voice (Dekalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press).Google Scholar
Sundberg, J. and Lindblom, B. (1976). “Generative theories in language and music descriptions,” Cognition 4, pp. 99–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sur, M., Garraghty, P. E., and Roe, A. W. (1988). “Experimentally induced visual projections into auditory thalamus and cortex,” Science 242, pp. 1437–1441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suthers, R. A. and Zollinger, S. A. (2004). “Producing song: Yhe vocal apparatus,” Annals of the New York Academy of Science 1016, pp. 109–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, D., Larson, C., Taylor, E. M., and Lindeman, R. C. (1973). “Vocalization in rhesus monkeys: Conditionability,” Brain Research 52, pp. 225–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suzuki, R., Buck, J. R., and Tyack, P. L. (2006). “Information entropy of humpback whale songs,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, pp. 1849–1866.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Symington, J. (1885). “On the relations of the larynx and trachea to the vertebral column in the foetus and child,” Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 19, pp. 286–291.Google Scholar
Számadó, S. and Szathmary, E. (2006). “Selective scenarios for the emergence of natural language,” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21, pp. 555–561.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Szathmáry, E. (2001). “Origin of the human language faculty: The language amoeba hypothesis,” in New Essays on the Origin of Language, ed. Trabant, J. and Ward, S. (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 55–81).Google Scholar
Tallal, P., Miller, S. L., Bedi, G., Byma, G., Wang, X., Nagarajan, S. S., Schreiner, C., Jenkins, W. M., and Merzenich, M. M. (1996). “Language comprehension in language-learning impaired children improved with acoustically modified speech,” Science 271, pp. 81–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tallerman, M. (2007). “Did our ancestors speak a holistic protolanguage?,” Lingua 117, pp. 579–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tallerman, M. (2008). “Holophrastic protolanguage: Planning, processing, storage, and retrieval,” Interaction Studies 9, pp. 84–99.Google Scholar
Tattersall, I. (1999). Becoming Human: Evolution and human uniqueness (New York, NY: Harcourt-Brace).Google Scholar
Tchernichovski, O., Mitra, P. P., Lints, T., and Nottebohm, F. (2001). “Dynamics of the vocal imitation process: How a zebra finch learns its song,” Science 291, pp. 2564–2569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tebbich, S., Taborsky, M., Fessl, B., and Blomqvist, D. (2001). “Do woodpecker finches acquire tool-use by social learning?,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B 268, pp. 2189–2193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Temeles, E. J. (1994). “The role of neighbours in territorial systems: When are they ‘dear enemies’?,” Animal Behavior 47, pp. 339–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Temperley, D. (2001). The Cognition of Basic Musical Structures (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Templeton, C. N., Greene, E., and Davis, K. (2005). “Allometry of alarm calls: Black-capped chickadees encode information about predator size,” Science 308, pp. 1934–1937.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terrace, H. S. (1979). Nim (New York, NY: Knopf).Google Scholar
Terrace, H. S. (1987). “Chunking by a pigeon in a serial learning task,” Nature 325, pp. 149–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terrace, H. S. (2001). “Chunking and serially organized behavior in pigeons, monkeys and humans,” in Avian Visual Cognition, ed. Cook, R. G. (Cambridge, MA: Comparative Cognition Press; available at: www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/avc/terrace/).Google Scholar
Terrace, H. S., Petitto, L. A., Sanders, S. J., and Bever, T. G. (1979). “Can an ape create a sentence?,” Science 200, pp. 891–902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terrace, H. S., Son, L. K., and Brannon, E. M. (2003). “Serial expertise of rhesus macaques,” Psychological Science 14, pp. 66–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thieme, H. (1997). “Lower Palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany,” Nature 385, pp. 807–810.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, J. A. and Golladay, C. L. (1996). “Geographic variation in leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) underwater vocalizations,” in Sensory Systems of Aquatic Mammals, ed. Kastelein, R., Thomas, J. A., and Nachtigall, P. E. (Woerden: DeSpil Publishers, pp. 201–221).Google Scholar
Thomas, J. A. and Stirling, I. (1983). “Geographic variation in the underwater vocalizations of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddelli) from Palmer Peninsula and McMurdo Sound, Antarctica,” Canadian Journal of Zoology 61, pp. 2203–2212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, D. A. W. (1948). On Growth and Form (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Thompson, J. A. M. (2002). “The status of bonobos in their southernmost geographic range,” in Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects, Vol. 1: African apes, ed. Galdikas, B. M. F., Briggs, N. E., Sheeran, L. K., Shapiro, G. L., and Goodall, J. (New York, NY: Springer, pp 75–81).Google Scholar
Thompson, N. S., Abbey, E., Wapner, J., Logan, C., Merritt, P. G., and Pooth, A. (2000). “Variation in the bout structure of northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) singing,” Bird Behavior 13, pp. 93–98.Google Scholar
Thompson-Schill, S. L., D'Esposito, M., Aguirre, G. K., and Farah, M. J. (1997). “Role of left inferior prefrontal cortex in retrieval of semantic knowledge: A reevaluation,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94, pp. 14792–14797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, K. S. (1991). “Where did tetrapods come from?,” American Scientist 79, pp. 488–490.Google Scholar
Thorndike, E. L. (1943a). Man and His Works (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorndike, E. L. (1943b). “The origin of language,” Science 98, pp. 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thornton, A. and McAuliffe, K. (2006). “Teaching in wild meerkats,” Science 313, pp. 227–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tinbergen, N. (1963). “On aims and methods of ethology,” Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 20, pp. 410–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tincoff, R., Hauser, M. D., Tsao, F., Spaepen, G., Ramus, F., and Mehler, J. (2005). “Language discrimination based on rhythmic cues: Further experiments on cotton-top tamarins,” Developmental Science 8, pp. 26–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tinklepaugh, O. L. (1928). “Multiple delayed reaction with chimpanzees and monkeys,” Journal of Comparative Psychology 13, pp. 207–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Titze, I. R. (1989). “Physiologic and acoustic differences between male and female voices,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, pp. 1699–1707.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Titze, I. R. (1994). Principles of Voice Production (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall).Google Scholar
Tobias, P. V. (1965). “The Olduvai Bed I Hominine with special reference to its cranial capacity,” Current Anthropology 6, pp. 421–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tobias, P. V. (1987). “The brain of Homo habilis: A new level of organization in cerebral evolution,” Journal of Human Evolution 16, pp. 741–761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Todt, D. (1975). “Social learning of vocal patterns and modes of their application in grey parrots Psittacus erithacus,” Zeitschrift Tierpsychologie 39, pp. 178–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. (1990). “Cultural transmission in the tool use and communicatory signaling of chimpanzees?,” in “Language” and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes: Caomparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. and Gibson, K. R. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 274–311).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. (1995). “Language is not an instinct,” Cognitive Development 10, pp. 131–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. (ed.) (1998a). The New Psychology of Language: Cognitive and functional approaches to language structure (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates).
Tomasello, M. (1998b). “The return of constructions,” Journal of Child Language 25, pp. 431–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. (1999). The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2000). “Do young children have adult syntactic competence?,” Cognition 74, pp. 209–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2002). “Not waving but speaking: How important were gestures in the evolution of language?,” Nature 417, pp. 791–792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2003). “On the different origins of symbols and grammar,” in Language Evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. and Kirby, S. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 94–110).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2005). “Comment on Everrett (2005),” Current Anthropology 46, pp. 640–641.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. and Call, J. (1997). Primate Cognition (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. and Call, J. (2007). “Ape gestures and the origins of language,” in The Gestural Communication of Apes and Monkeys, ed. Call, J. and Tomasello, M. (London: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 221–239).Google Scholar
Tomasello, M., Call, J., and Hare, B. (1998). “Five primate species follow the visual gaze of conspecifics,” Animal Behavior 55, pp. 1063–1069.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tomasello, M., Call, J., and Hare, B. (2003). “Chimpanzees understand psychological states – the question is which ones and to what extent,” Trends in Cognitive Science 7, pp. 153–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, J., Behne, T., and Moll, H. (2005). “Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition,” Behavioral & Brain Sciences 28, pp. 675–735.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tomasello, M., Hare, B., and Agnetta, B. (1999). “Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, follow gaze direction geometrically,” Animal Behavior 58, pp. 769–777.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tomasello, M., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., and Kruger, A. (1993). “Imitative learning of actions on objects by children, chimpanzees, and enculturated chimpanzees,” Child Development 64, pp. 1688–1706.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tooby, J. and Cosmides, L. (1990a). “On the universality of human nature and the uniqueness of the individual: The role of genetics and adaptation,” Journal of Personality 58, pp. 17–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tooby, J. and Cosmides, L. (1990b). “The past explains the present: Emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environments,” Ethology & Sociobology 11, pp. 375–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toro, J. M., Trobalon, J., and Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2003). “The use of prosodic cues in language discrimination tasks by rats,” Animal Cognition 6, pp. 131–136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toth, N. (1985). “Archaeological evidence for preferential right-handedness in the lower and middle Pleistocene, and its possible implications,” Journal of Human Evolution 14, pp. 607–614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toth, N., Schick, K. D., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., and Sevcik, R. A. (1993). “Pan the tool-maker: Investigations into the stone tool-making and tool using capabilities of a bonobo (Pan paniscus),” Journal of Archaeological Science 20, pp. 81–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Townsend, S. W., Deschner, T., and Zuberbühler, K. (2008). “Female chimpanzees use copulation calls flexibly to prevent social competition,” PLOS One 3, p. e2431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trainor, L. J. (1996). “Infant preferences for infant-directed versus noninfant-directed playsongs and lullabies,” Infant Behaviour and Development 19, pp. 83–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trainor, L. J. and Trehub, S. E. (1992). “A comparison of infants' and adults' sensitivity to Western musical structure,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 18, pp. 394–402.Google ScholarPubMed
Trehub, S. E. (2000). “Human processing predispositions and musical universals,” in The Origins of Music, ed. Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 427–448).Google Scholar
Trehub, S. E. (2003a). “Musical predispositions in infancy: An update,” in The Cognitive Neuroscience of Music, ed. Peretz, I. and Zatorre, R. J. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–20).Google Scholar
Trehub, S. E. (2003b). “The developmental origins of musicality,” Nature Neuroscience 6, pp. 669–673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trehub, S. E. and Hannon, E. E. (2006). “Infant music perception: Domain-general or domain-specific mechanisms?,” Cognition 100, pp. 73–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trevarthen, C. (1999). “Musicality and the intrinsic motor pulse: Evidence from human psychobiology and infant communication,” Musica Scientiae Special Issue 1999–2000, pp. 155–211.Google Scholar
Trevathan, W. (1987). Human Birth: An evolutionary perspective (New York, NY: Aldine De Gruyter).Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1971). “The evolution of reciprocal altruism,” Quarterly Review of Biology 46, pp. 35–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1972). “Parental investment and sexual selection,” in Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man, ed. Campbell, B. G. (Chicago, IL: Aldine Press, pp. 136–179).Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1974). “Parent–offspring conflict,” American Zoologist 14, pp. 249–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trubetskoy, N. S. (1939/1969). Grundzüge der Phonologie/Principles of Phonology (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press).Google Scholar
Tsai, L. S. and Maurer, S. (1930). “‘Right-handedness’ in white rats,” Science 72, pp. 436–438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tulving, E. (2002). “Episodic memory: From mind to brain,” Annual Review of Psychology 53, pp. 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tulving, E. and Thomson, D. M. (1973). “Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory,” Psychological Review 80, pp. 352–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turing, A. M. (1952). “The chemical basis of morphogenesis,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 237, pp. 37–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tutin, C. E. G. (1979). “Mating patterns and reproductive strategies in a community of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii),” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 6, pp. 29–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyack, P. L. and Clark, C. W. (2000). “Communication and acoustic behavior of dolphins and whales,” in Hearing by Whales and Dolphins, ed. Au, W. W. L., Popper, A. N., and Fay, R. R. (New York: Springer, pp. 156–224).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyack, P. L. and Miller, E. H. (2002). “Vocal anatomy, acoustic communication, and echolocation,” in Marine Mammal Biology: An evolutionary approach, ed. Hoelzel, A. R. (New York, NY: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 142–184).Google Scholar
Valone, T. J. (2007). “From eavesdropping on performance to copying the behavior of others: A review of public information use,” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 62, pp. 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berg, J. (1958). “Myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of voice production,” Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 1, pp. 227–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dommelen, W. A. (1993). “Speaker height and weight identification: A re-evaluation of some old data,” Journal of Phonetics 21, pp. 337–341.Google Scholar
Heyningen, V. and Williamson, K. A. (2002). “PAX6 in sensory development,” Human Molecular Genetics 11, pp. 1161–1167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoof, J. A. R. A. M. (1972). “A comparative approach to the phylogeny of laughter and smiling,” in Nonverbal Communication, ed. Hinde, R. A. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 12–53).Google Scholar
Parijs, S. M. (2003). “Aquatic mating in pinnipeds: A review,” Aquatic Mammals 29, pp. 214–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaik, C. P., Ancrenaz, M., Borgen, G., Galdikas, B., Knott, C. D., Singleton, I., Suzuki, A., Utami, S. S., and Merrill, M. (2003). “Orangutan cultures and the evolution of material cultures,” Science 2, pp. 102–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaik, C. P., Fox, E. A., and Sitompul, A. F. (1996). “Manufacture and use of tools in wild Sumatran orangutans: Implications for human evolution,” Naturwissenschaften 83, pp. 186–188.Google ScholarPubMed
Valin, R. D. (1996). “Role and reference grammar,” in Concise Encyclopedia of Syntactic Theories, ed. Brown, E. K. and Miller, J. E. (Oxford: Pergamon, pp. 281–293).Google Scholar
Valin, R. D. (2001). An Introduction to Syntax (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valin, R. D. (2008). “Some remarks on Universal Grammar,” in Crosslinguistic Approaches to the Study of Language, ed. Lieven, E. and Guo, J. (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 311–320).Google Scholar
Vandepoele, K., Vos, W., Taylor, J. S., Meyer, A., and Peer, Y. (2004). “Major events in the genome evolution of vertebrates: Paranome age and size differ considerably between ray-finned fishes and land vertebrates,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 101, pp. 1638–1643.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vargha-Khadem, F., Carr, L. J., Isaacs, E., Brett, E., Adams, C., and Mishkin, M. (1997). “Onset of speech after left hemispherectomy in a nine-year-old boy,” Brain 120, pp. 159–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vargha-Khadem, F., Gadian, D. G., Copp, A., and Mishkin, M. (2005). “FOXP2 and the neuroanatomy of speech and language,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6, pp. 131–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vargha-Khadem, F., Watkins, K. E., Alcock, K., Fletcher, P., and Passingham, R. (1995). “Praxic and nonverbal cognitive deficits in a large family with a genetically-transmitted speech and language disorder,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92, pp. 930–933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vargha-Khadem, F., Watkins, K., Price, C. J., Ashburner, J., Alcock, K., Connelly, A., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Friston, K. J., Pembrey, M. E., Mishkin, M., Gadian, D. G., and Passingham, R. E. (1998). “Neural basis of an inherited speech and language disorder,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95, pp. 12695–12700.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vauclair, J. (1996). Animal Cognition: An introduction to modern comparative psychology (London: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Vaughan, W. and Greene, S. L. (1984). “Pigeon visual memory capacity,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 10, pp. 256–271.Google Scholar
Vihman, M. M. (1986). “Individual differences in babbling and early speech: Predicting to age three,” in Precursors of Early Speech, ed. Lindblom, B. and Zetterström, R. (New York, NY: Stockton Press, pp. 95–112).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vihman, M. M. (1991). “Ontogeny of phonetic gestures: Speech production,” in Modularity and the Motor Theory of Speech Perception, ed. Mattingly, I. G. and Studdert-Kennedy, M. (London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 69–84).Google Scholar
Vihman, M. M. (1996). Phonological Development: The origins of language in the child (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell).Google Scholar
Visalberghi, E. and Fragaszy, D. M. (1990). “Do monkeys ape?,” in “Language” and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. and Gibson, K. R. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 247–273).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voelkel, B. and Huber, L. (2000). “True imitation in marmosets,” Animal Behavior 60, pp. 195–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frisch, K. (1967). The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Frisch, K. (1974). Animal Architecture (London: Hutchinson).Google Scholar
Melchner, L., Pallas, S. L., and Sur, M. (2000). “Visual behaviour mediated by retinal projections directed to the auditory pathway,” Nature 404, pp. 871–876.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vorobyev, M. (2004). “Ecology and evolution of primate colour vision,” Clinical and Experimental Optometry 87, pp. 230–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vorperian, H. K., Kent, R. D., Lindstrom, M. J., Kalina, C. M., Gentry, L. R., and Yandell, B. S. (2005). “Development of vocal tract length during early childhood: A magnetic resonance imaging study,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, pp. 338–350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wada, K., Howard, J. T., McConnell, P., Whitney, O., Lints, T., Rivas, M., Horita, H., Patterson, M. A., White, S. A., Scharff, C., Haesler, S., Zhao, S., Sakaguchi, H., Hagiwara, M., Shiraki, T., Hirozane-Kishikawa, T., Skene, P., Hayashizaki, Y., Caninci, T., and Jarvis, E. D. (2006). “A molecular neuroethological approach for identifying and characterizing a cascade of behaviorally regulated genes,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 103, pp. 15212–15217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, A. and Leakey, R. E. (eds) (1993). The Nariokotome Homo Erectus Skeleton (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).CrossRef
Walker, S. (1983). Animal Thought (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul).Google Scholar
Walkowiak, W. (1988). “Neuroethology of anuran call recognition,” in The Evolution of the Amphibian Auditory System, ed. Fritzsch, B., Ryan, M. J., Wilczynski, W., Hetherington, T. E., and Walkowiak, W. (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 485–510).Google Scholar
Wall, C. E. and Smith, K. K. (2001). “Ingestion in mammals,” in Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, ed. Group, N. P. (London: Macmillan, pp. 1–6).Google Scholar
Wallace, A. R. (1864). “The development of the human races under the law of natural selection,” Journal of the Anthropological Society of London 2, pp. clviii–clxxxvii.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, A. R. (1871). “Limits of natural selection as applied to man,” in Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection, ed. Wallace, A. R.. (New York, NY: Macmillan).Google Scholar
Wallace, A. R. (1905). Darwinism: An exposition of the theory of natural selection with some of its applications (New York, NY: Macmillan).Google Scholar
Wallin, N. L., Merker, B., and Brown, S. (2000). The Origins of Music (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Wallman, J. (1992). Aping Language (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walters, J. (1987). “Kin recognition in non-human primates,” in Kin Recognition in Animals, ed. Fletcher, D. J. C. and Michener, C. D. (New York, NY: Wiley, pp. 359–394).Google Scholar
Warner, R. R. (1988). “Traditionality of mating-site preferences in a coral reef fish,” Nature 335, pp. 719–721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watkins, K. E., Dronkers, N. F., and Vargha-Khadem, F. (2002). “Behavioural analysis of an inherited speech and language disorder: Comparison with acquired aphasia,” Brain 125, pp. 452–464.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watkins, W. A., Tyack, P. L., Moore, K. E., and Bird, J. E. (1987). “The 20-Hz signals of finback whales (Balaenoptera physalus),” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82, pp. 1901–1912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, D. M. and Zhang, J. (2005). “FoxP2 in song-learning birds and vocal-learning mammals,” Journal of Heredity 96, pp. 212–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weber, B. H. and Depew, D. J. (eds) (2003). Evolution and Learning: The Baldwin Effect reconsidered (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
Webster, D. B., Fay, R. F., and Popper, A. N. (1992). The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing (New York, NY: Springer-Verlag).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weidenreich, F. (1941). “The brain and its rôle in the phylogenetic transformation of the human skull,” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society: New Series 31, pp. 321–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiner, S., Xu, Q., Goldberg, P., Liu, J., and Bar-Yosef, O. (1998). “Evidence for the use of fire at Zhoukoudian, China,” Science 281, pp. 251–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weir, A. A. S., Chappell, J., and Kacelnik, A. (2004a). “Shaping of hooks in New Caledonian crows,” Science 297, p. 981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weir, A. A. S., Kenward, B., Chappell, J., and Kacelnik, A. (2004b). “Lateralization of tool use in New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides),” Proceedings of the Royal Society London, B 271 Suppl. 5, pp. S344–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weishampel, D. B. (1981). “Acoustic analysis of potential vocalization in lambeosaurine dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithischia),” Paleobiology 7, pp. 252–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, G. (1974). “On Livingstone's “Did the Australopithecines sing?,” Current Anthropology 15, pp. 103–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissengruber, G. E., Forstenpointner, G., Peters, G., Kübber-Heiss, A., and Fitch, W. T. (2002). “Hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (Panthera leo), jaguar (Panthera onca), tiger (Panthera tigris), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), and domestic cat (Felis silvestris f. catus),” Journal of Anatomy (London) 201, pp. 195–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wemmer, C. and Mishra, H. (1982). “Observational learning by an Asiatic elephant of an unusual sound production method,” Mammalia 46, p. 557.Google Scholar
West-Eberhard, M. J. (1989). “Phenotypic plasticity and the origins of diversity,” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20, pp. 249–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westneat, M. W., Long, J. H., Hoese, W., and Nowicki, S. (1993). “Kinematics of birdsong: Functional correlation of cranial movements and acoustic features in sparrows,” Journal of Experimental Biology 182, pp. 147–171.Google ScholarPubMed
Whalen, D. H. and Liberman, A. M. (1987). “Speech perception takes precedence over nonspeech perception,” Science 237, pp. 169–171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wheeler, P. E. (1984). “The evolution of bipedality and loss of functional body hair in hominids,” Journal of Human Evolution 13, pp. 91–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, S. J., White, R. E. C., and Thorpe, W. H. (1970). “Acoustic basis for individual recognition by voice in the gannet,” Nature 225, pp. 1156–1158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, S. S. (1968). “Movements of the larynx during crowing in the domestic cock,” Journal of Anatomy 103, pp. 390–392.Google Scholar
White, T. D. and Suwa, G. (1987). “Hominid footprints at Laetoli: Facts and interpretations,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 72, pp. 485–514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiten, A. and Byrne, R. W. (eds) (1997). Machiavellian Intelligence II: Evaluations and Extensions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRef
Whiten, A., Goodall, J., McGrew, W. C., Nishida, T., Reynolds, V., Sugiyama, Y., Tutin, C. E. G., Wrangham, R. W., and Boesch, C. (1999). “Cultures in chimpanzees,” Nature 399, pp. 682–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiten, A. and Ham, R. (1992). “On the nature and evolution of imitation in the animal kingdom: Reappraisal of a century of research,” in Advances in the Study of Behavior, ed. Slater, P. J. B., Rosnblatt, J. S., Beer, C., and Milinski, M. (New York, NY: Academic Press, pp. 239–283).Google Scholar
Whiten, A., Horner, V., and Waal, F. B. (2005). “Conformity to cultural norms of tool use in chimpanzees,” Nature 437, pp. 737–740.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whorf, B. L. (1964). Language, Thought and Reality: Selected writings (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Wickler, W. and Seibt, U. (1981). “Monogamy in crustacea and man,” Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 57, pp. 215–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wild, J. M. (1993). “The avian nucleus retroambigualis: A nucleus for breathing, singing and calling,” Brain Research 606, pp. 119–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wildenthal, J. L. (1965). “Structure in primary song of the mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos),” Auk 82, pp. 161–189.Google Scholar
Wildman, D. E., Uddin, M., Liu, G., Grossman, L. I., and Goodman, M. (2003). “Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: Enlarging genus Homo,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100, pp. 7181–7188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilkins, A. S. (2002). The Evolution of Developmental Pathways (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer).Google Scholar
Wilkinson, G. S. (1984). “Reciprocal food sharing in the vampire bat,” Nature 308, pp. 181–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, G. S. (1987). “Altruism and cooperation in bats,” in Recent Advances in the Study of Bats, ed. Fenton, M. B., Racey, P., and Rayner, J. M. V. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 299–323).Google Scholar
Williams, G. C. (1966a). Adaptation and Natural Selection: A critique of some current evolutionary thought (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Williams, G. C. (1966b). Adaptation and Natural Selection. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Wilson, A. C. and Sarich, V. M. (1969). “A molecular time scale for human evolution,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 63, pp. 1088–1093.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, E. O. (1975). Sociobiology (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. and Hölldobler, B. (2005). “Eusociality: Origin and consequences,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102, pp. 13367–13371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, M. L., Hauser, M. D., and Wrangham, R. W. (2001). “Does participation in intergroup conflict depend on numerical assessment, range location, or rank for wild chimpanzees?,” Animal Behavior 61, pp. 1203–1216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, W. A. (1975). “Discriminative conditioning of vocalizations in Lemur catta,” Animal Behavior 23, pp. 432–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wimmer, H. and Perner, J. (1983). “Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception,” Cognition 13, pp. 103–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winchester, S. (2001). The Map that Changed the World: William Smith and the birth of modern geology (New York, NY: HarperCollins).Google Scholar
Wind, J. (1970). On the Phylogeny and Ontogeny of the Human Larynx (Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff Publishing).Google Scholar
Wind, J. (1976). “Phylogeny of the human vocal tract,” Annals of the New York Academy of Science 280, pp. 612–630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wind, J. (1983). “Primate evolution and the emergence of speech,” in Glossogenetics: The origin and evolution of language, ed. Grolier, É. d. (New York, NY: Harwood Academic Publishers, pp. 15–35).Google Scholar
Winter, P., Handley, P., Ploog, W., and Schott, D. (1973). “Ontogeny of squirrel monkey calls under normal conditions and under acoustic isolation,” Behaviour 47, pp. 230–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolpoff, M. H., Hawks, J., Frayer, D. W., and Hunley, K. (2001). “Modern human ancestry at the peripheries: A test of the replacement theory,” Science 291, pp. 293–297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wood, B. and Collard, M. (1999). “The human genus,” Science 284, pp. 65–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, C. G., Bond, J., and Enard, W. (2005). “Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH): A review of clinical, molecular, and evolutionary findings,” American Journal of Human Genetics 76, pp. 717–728.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, R. P., Freimer, N. B., Young, J. A., Fears, S. C., Sicotte, N. L., Service, S. K., Valentino, D. J., Toga, A. W., and Mazziotta, J. C. (2006). “Normal variants of Microcephalin and ASPM do not account for brain size variability,” Human Molecular Genetics 15, pp. 2025–2029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Worden, R. (1998). “The evolution of language from social intelligence,” in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 148–166).Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. (1980). “An ecological model of female-bonded primate groups,” Behaviour 75, pp. 262–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. (1987). “The significance of African apes for reconstructing human social evolution,” in The Evolution of Human Behavior: Primate models, ed. Kinzey, W. G. (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, pp. 51–71).Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. W., Jones, J. H., Laden, G., Pilbeam, D., and Conklin-Brittain, N. (1999). “The raw and the stolen: Cooking and the ecology of human origins,” Current Anthropology 40, pp. 567–594.Google ScholarPubMed
Wrangham, R. W., McGrew, W. C., Waal, F. B., and Heltne, P. (eds) (1994). Chimpanzee Cultures (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Wrangham, R. W. and Nishida, T. (1983). “Aspilia leaves: A puzzle in the feeding behavior of wild chimpanzees,” Primates 24, pp. 276–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. and Peterson, D. (1996). Demonic Males: Apes and the origins of human violence (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin).Google Scholar
Wray, A. (1998). “Protolanguage as a holistic system for social interaction,” Language & Communication 18, pp. 47–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wray, A. (2000). “Holistic utterances in protolanguage: The link from primates to humans,” in The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social function and the origins of linguistic form, ed. Knight, C., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Hurford, J. R. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 285–302).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wray, A. (2002). Formulaic Language and the Lexicon (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wynne, C. D. (2004). Do Animals Think? (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, A. (1998). “A sexually dimorphic learned birdsong in the Northern Cardinal,” The Condor 100, pp. 504–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yerkes, R. M. and Yerkes, A. W. (1929). The Great Apes (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press).Google Scholar
Yip, M. J. (2006). “The search for phonology in other species,” Trends in Cognitive Science 10, pp. 442–446.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zahavi, A. (1975). “Mate selection: A selection for a handicap,” Journal of Theoretical Biology 53, pp. 205–214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zahavi, A. (1993). “The fallacy of conventional signalling,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 340, pp. 227–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zahavi, A. and Zahavi, A. (1997). The Handicap Principle (New York, NY: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Zatorre, R. J., Chen, J. L., and Penhune, V. B. (2007). “When the brain plays music: Auditory-motor interactions in music perception and production,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 8, pp. 547–558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zatorre, R. J., Evans, A. C., Meyer, E., and Gjedde, A. (1992). “Lateralization of phonetic and pitch discrimination in speech processing,” Science 256, pp. 846–849.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zatorre, R. J. and Peretz, I. (eds) (2001). The Biological Foundations of Music (New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences).
Zawidzki, T. W. (2006). “Sexual selection for syntax and kin selection for semantics: Problems and prospects,” Biology and Philosophy 21, pp. 453–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zemlin, W. R. (1968). Speech and Hearing Science: Anatomy and physiology (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall).Google Scholar
Zimmer, C. (1998). At the Water's Edge (New York, NY: Touchstone).Google Scholar
Zimmermann, E. (1981). “First record of ultrasound in two prosimian species,” Naturwissenshaften 68, p. 531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zipf, G. K. (1949). Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort (Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley Press).Google Scholar
Zoloth, S. R., Petersen, M. R., Beecher, M. D., Green, S., Marler, P., Moody, D. B., and Stebbins, W. C. (1979). “Species-specific perceptual processing of vocal sounds by monkeys,” Science 204, pp. 870–872.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuberbühler, K. (2000a). “Interspecies semantic communication in two forest primates,” Proceedinsg of the Royal Society of London, B 267, pp. 713–718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuberbühler, K. (2000b). “Referential labeling in wild Diana monkeys,” Animal Behavior 59, pp. 917–927.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuberbühler, K. (2002). “A syntactic rule in forest monkey communication,” Animal Behavior 63, pp. 293–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuidema, W. H. (2005). “The major transitions in the evolution of language,” in Theoretical and Applied Linguistics (University of Edinburgh), p. 225.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • W. Tecumseh Fitch, Universität Wien, Austria
  • Book: The Evolution of Language
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511817779.019
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • W. Tecumseh Fitch, Universität Wien, Austria
  • Book: The Evolution of Language
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511817779.019
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • W. Tecumseh Fitch, Universität Wien, Austria
  • Book: The Evolution of Language
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511817779.019
Available formats
×