Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-07T07:57:34.843Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

10 - MRI staging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2010

Sarah Burton
Affiliation:
Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, Frimley Park Hospital Portsmouth Road Frimley
Gina Brown
Affiliation:
Consultant Radiologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Royal Marsden Hospital Downs Road Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT
Gina Brown
Affiliation:
Royal Marsden Hospital
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Colorectal Cancer , pp. 174 - 211
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Burton, S., Brown, G., Daniels, I. R., et al. MRI directed multidisciplinary team preoperative treatment strategy: the way to eliminate positive circumferential margins?Br J Cancer, 94:3 (2006), 351–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aigner, F., Zbar, A. P., Ludwikowski, B., et al. The rectogenital septum: morphology, function, and clinical relevance. Dis Colon Rectum, 47:2 (2004), 131–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heald, R. J., Moran, B. J., Brown, G., and Daniels, I.Optimal Total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer is in front of Denonvilliers Fascia. Br J Surg, 91:1 (2004), 121–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G., Kirkham, A., Williams, G. T., et al. High-resolution MRI of the anatomy important in total mesorectal excision of the rectum. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 182:2 (2004), 431–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jass, J. R., Atkin, W. S., Cuzick, J., et al. The grading of rectal cancer: historical perspectives and a multivariate analysis of 447 cases. Histopathology, 10:5 (1986), 437–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinnell, R. S.The grading and prognosis of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Ann Surg, 109 (1939), 500–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spratt, J. A. and Spjut, H. J.Prevalence and prognosis of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Cancer, 20 (1967), 1976–85.3.0.CO;2-M>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreola, S., Leo, E., Belli, F., Lavarino, C., Bufalino, R., Tomasic, G., Baldini, M. T., Valvo, F., Navarria, P., and Lombardi, F.Distal intramural spread in adenocarcinoma of the lower third of the rectum treated with total rectal resection and coloanal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum, 40:1 (1997), 25–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, T. G., Jenevein, E. P., and Poulos, E.Intramural spread of colon carcinoma. A pathologic study. Am J Surg, 146:6 (1983), 697–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Madsen, P. M. and Christiansen, J.Distal intramural spread of rectal carcinomas. Dis Colon Rectum, 29:4 (1986), 279–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schnall, M. D., Furth, E. E., Rosato, E. F., and Kressel, H. Y.Rectal tumor stage: correlation of endorectal MR imaging and pathologic findings. Radiology, 190:3 (1994), 709–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, A. M., Wood, W. C., Gunderson, L. L., and Shinnar, M.Pathological studies in rectal cancer. Cancer, 45:12 (1980), 2965–8.3.0.CO;2-M>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bjerkeset, T., Morild, I., Mork, S., and Soreide, O.Tumor characteristics in colorectal cancer and their relationship to treatment and prognosis. Dis Colon Rectum, 30:12 (1987), 934–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michelassi, F., Vannucci, L., Montag, A., et al. Importance of tumor morphology for the long term prognosis of rectal adenocarcinoma. Am Surg, 54:6 (1988), 376–9.Google Scholar
Sasaki, O., Atkin, W. S., and Jass, J. R.Mucinous carcinoma of the rectum. Histopathology, 11:3 (1987), 259–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pihl, E., Nairn, R. C., Hughes, E. S., Cuthbertson, A. M., and Rollo, A. J.Mucinous colorectal carcinoma: immunopathology and prognosis. Pathology, 12:3 (1980), 439–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Secco, G. B., Fardelli, R., Campora, E., et al. Primary mucinous adenocarcinomas and signet-ring cell carcinomas of colon and rectum. Oncology, 51:1 (1994), 30–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dukes, C. E.The classification of cancer of the rectum. J Path Bact, 35 (1932), 323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, J. C., Dean, P. J., el-Zeky, F., and Zwaag, Vander R.From Dukes through Jass: pathological prognostic indicators in rectal cancer [see comments]. Hum Pathol, 25:5 (1994), 498–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jass, J. R. and Love, S. B.Prognostic value of direct spread in Dukes' C cases of rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum, 32:6 (1989), 477–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murano, A., Sasaki, F., Kido, C., et al. Endoscopic MRI using 3D-spoiled GRASS (SPGR) sequence for local staging of rectal carcinoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 19:4 (1995), 586–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joosten, F. B., Jansen, J. B., Joosten, H. J., and Rosenbusch, G.Staging of rectal carcinoma using MR double surface coil, MR endorectal coil, and intrarectal ultrasound: correlation with histopathologic findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 19:5 (1995), 752–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pegios, W., Vogl, J., Mack, M. G., et al. MRI diagnosis and staging of rectal carcinoma. Abdom Imaging, 21:3 (1996), 211–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vogl, T. J., Pegios, W., Mack, M. G., et al. Radiological modalities in the staging of colorectal tumors: new perspectives for increasing accuracy. Recent Results Cancer Res, 142 (1996), 103–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okizuka, H., Sugimura, K., Yoshizako, T., Kaji, Y., and Wada, A.Rectal carcinoma: prospective comparison of conventional and gadopentetate dimeglumine enhanced fat-suppressed MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging, 6:3 (1996), 465–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willett, C. G., Badizadegan, K., Ancukiewicz, M., and Shellito, P. C.Prognostic factors in stage T3N0 rectal cancer: do all patients require postoperative pelvic irradiation and chemotherapy?Dis Colon Rectum, 42:2 (1999), 167–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cawthorn, S. J., Parums, D. V., Gibbs, N. M., et al. Extent of mesorectal spread and involvement of lateral resection margin as prognostic factors after surgery for rectal cancer [see comments]. Lancet, 335:8697 (1990), 1055–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merkel, S., Mansmann, U., Papadopoulos, T., et al. The prognostic inhomogeneity of colorectal carcinomas Stage III: a proposal for subdivision of Stage III. Cancer, 92:11 (2001), 2754–9.3.0.CO;2-4>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G., Radcliffe, A. G., Newcombe, R. G., et al. Preoperative assessment of prognostic factors in rectal cancer using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Surg, 90:3 (2003), 355–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G., Richards, C. J., Newcombe, R. G., et al. Rectal carcinoma: thin-section MR imaging for staging in 28 patients. Radiology, 211:1 (1999), 215–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shepherd, N. A., Baxter, K. J., and Love, S. B. The prognostic importance of peritoneal involvement in colonic cancer: a prospective evaluation. Gastroenterology, 112:4 (1997), 1096–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shepherd, N. A., Baxter, K. J., and Love, S. B. Influence of local peritoneal involvement on pelvic recurrence and prognosis in rectal cancer. J Clin Pathol, 48:9 (1995), 849–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dukes, C. E., and Bussey, H. J.The spread of cancer and its effect on prognosis. Cancer, 12 (1958), 309–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moran, M. R., James, E. C., Rothenberger, D. A., and Goldberg, S. M.Prognostic value of positive lymph nodes in rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum, 35:6 (1992), 579–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolmark, N., Fisher, E. R., Wieand, H. S., and Fisher, B.The relationship of depth of penetration and tumor size to the number of positive nodes in Dukes C colorectal cancer. Cancer, 53:12 (1984), 2707–12.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andreola, S., Leo, E., Belli, F., et al. Manual dissection of adenocarcinoma of the lower third of the rectum specimens for detection of lymph node metastases smaller than 5 mm. Cancer, 77:4 (1996), 607–12.3.0.CO;2-D>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chau, I., Allen, M., Cunningham, D., et al. Neoadjuvant systemic fluorouracil and mitomycin C prior to synchronous chemoradiation is an effective strategy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Br J Cancer, 88:7 (2003), 1017–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chau, I., Brown, G., Cunningham, D., et al. Neoadjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin followed by synchronous chemoradiation and total mesorectal excision in magnetic resonance imaging-defined poor-risk rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 24:4 (2006), 668–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adam, I. J., Mohamdee, M. O., Martin, I. G., et al. Role of circumferential margin involvement in the local recurrence of rectal cancer. Lancet, 344:8924 (1994), 707–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morita, T., Murata, A., Koyama, M., Totsuka, E., and Sasaki, M.Current status of autonomic nerve-preserving surgery for mid and lower rectal cancers: Japanese experience with lateral node dissection. Dis Colon Rectum 46:suppl. 10 (2003), S78–87, discussion S87–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Suzuki, K., Muto, T., and Sawada, T.Prevention of local recurrence by extended lymphadenectomy for rectal cancer. Surg Today, 25:9 (1995), 795–801.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Billingham, R. P.Extended lymphadenectomy for rectal cancer: cure vs quality of life. Int Surg, 79:1 (1994), 11–22.Google ScholarPubMed
Moreira, L. F., Hizuta, A., Iwagaki, H., Tanaka, N., and Orita, K.Lateral lymph node dissection for rectal carcinoma below the peritoneal reflection. Br J Surg, 81:2 (1994), 293–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koch, M., Kienle, P., Antolovic, D., Buchler, M. W., and Weitz, J.Is the lateral lymph node compartment relevant?Recent Results Cancer Res, 165 (2005), 40–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kikuchi, R., Takano, M., Takagi, K., et al. Management of early invasive colorectal cancer. Risk of recurrence and clinical guidelines [see comments]. Dis Colon Rectum, 38:12 (1995), 1286–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gall, F. P.Cancer of the rectum – local excision. Int J Colorectal Dis, 6:2 (1991), 84–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dworak, O.Morphology of lymph nodes in the resected rectum of patients with rectal carcinoma. Pathol, Res Pract 187:8 (1991), 1020–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hulsmans, F. H., Bosma, A., Mulder, P. J., Reeders, J. W., and Tytgat, G. N.Perirectal lymph nodes in rectal cancer: in vitro correlation of sonographic parameters and histopathologic findings. Radiology, 184:2 (1992), 553–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hildebrandt, U., Klein, T., Feifel, G., et al. Endosonography of pararectal lymph nodes. In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Dis Colon Rectum, 33:10 (1990), 863–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katsura, Y., Yamada, K., Ishizawa, T., Yoshinaka, H., and Shimazu, H.Endorectal ultrasonography for the assessment of wall invasion and lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum, 35:4 (1992), 362–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G., Richards, C. J., Bourne, M. W.,et al. Morphologic predictors of lymph node status in rectal cancer with use of high-spatial-resolution MR imaging with histopathologic comparison. Radiology, 227:2 (2003), 371–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Detry, R. J., Kartheuser, A. H., Lagneaux, G., and Rahier, J.Preoperative lymph node staging in rectal cancer: a difficult challenge. Int J Colorectal Dis, 11:5 (1996), 217–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spinelli, P., Schiavo, M., Meroni, E., et al. Results of EUS in detecting perirectal lymph node metastases of rectal cancer: the pathologist makes the difference. Gastrointest Endosc, 49:6 (1999), 754–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Talbot, I. C., Ritchie, S., Leighton, M. H., et al. The clinical significance of invasion of veins by rectal cancer. Br J Surg, 67:6 (1980), 439–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horn, A., Dahl, O., and Morild, I.The role of venous and neural invasion on survival in rectal adenocarcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum, 33:7 (1990), 598–601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horn, A., Dahl, O., and Morild, I.Venous and neural invasion as predictors of recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum, 34:9 (1991), 798–804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heald, R. J. and Ryall, R. D.Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet, 1:8496 (1986), 1479–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bokey, E. L., Chapuis, P. H., Dent, O. F., et al. Factors affecting survival after excision of the rectum for cancer: a multivariate analysis. Dis Colon Rectum, 40:1 (1997), 3–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, N. R., Finan, P. J., al-Jaberi, T., et al. Circumferential margin involvement after mesorectal excision of rectal cancer with curative intent. Predictor of survival but not local recurrence?Dis Colon Rectum, 41:8 (1998), 979–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quirke, P. and Dixon, M. F.The prediction of local recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma by histopathological examination. Int J Colorectal Dis, 3:2 (1988), 127–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quirke, P., Durdey, P., Dixon, M. F., and Williams, N. S.Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection. Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision. Lancet, 2:8514 (1986), 996–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sebag-Montefiore, D., Glynne-Jones, R., Mortensen, N., et al. Pooled analysis of outcome measures including the histopatological R0 resection rate after pre-operative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer. In Finan, P. J., ed., Tripartite 2005 Colorectal Meeting (Dublin, Ireland: Blackwell Publishing, 2005), p. 7.Google Scholar
Burton, S., Brown, G., Daniels, I., et al. MRI identified prognostic features of tumors in distal sigmoid, rectosigmoid, and upper rectum: Treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 65:2 (2006), 445–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bateman, A. C., Carr, N. J., and Warren, B. F.The retroperitoneal surface in distal caecal and proximal ascending colon carcinoma: the Cinderella surgical margin?J Clin Pathol, 58:4 (2005), 426–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • MRI staging
    • By Sarah Burton, Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, Frimley Park Hospital Portsmouth Road Frimley, Gina Brown, Consultant Radiologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Royal Marsden Hospital Downs Road Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT
  • Edited by Gina Brown
  • Book: Colorectal Cancer
  • Online publication: 07 September 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511902468.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • MRI staging
    • By Sarah Burton, Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, Frimley Park Hospital Portsmouth Road Frimley, Gina Brown, Consultant Radiologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Royal Marsden Hospital Downs Road Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT
  • Edited by Gina Brown
  • Book: Colorectal Cancer
  • Online publication: 07 September 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511902468.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • MRI staging
    • By Sarah Burton, Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, Frimley Park Hospital Portsmouth Road Frimley, Gina Brown, Consultant Radiologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Royal Marsden Hospital Downs Road Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT
  • Edited by Gina Brown
  • Book: Colorectal Cancer
  • Online publication: 07 September 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511902468.011
Available formats
×