Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T07:08:27.535Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

Roderick Floud
Affiliation:
London Metropolitan University
Paul Johnson
Affiliation:
London School of Economics and Political Science
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aanestad, J. M. 1987. Measurement problems of the service sector. Business Economics 22: 32–6.Google Scholar
Abel-Smith, B. and Townsend, P. 1965. The Poor and the Poorest.Google Scholar
Abramovitz, M. 1986. Catching up, forging ahead and falling behind. Journal of Economic History 44: 385–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abramovitz, M. and David, P. 1996. Convergence and delayed catch-up: productivity leadership and the waning of American exceptionalism. In Landau, et al. 1996.Google Scholar
Acheson, D. 1998. Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health.Google Scholar
Ackrill, M. and Hannah, L. 2001. Barclays: the Business of Banking 1690–1996. Cambridge.Google Scholar
,Acton Society Trust 1956. Management Succession.
Addison, J. T. and Belfield, M. L. 2001. Updating the determinants of firm performance: estimation using the 1998 UK WERS. British Journal of Industrial Relations 39: 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Addison, P. 1994. The Road to 1945.Google Scholar
Adeney, M. 1989. The Motor Makers: the Turbulent History of Britain’s Car Industry.Google Scholar
Aghion, P. and Howitt, P. 1998. Endogenous Growth Theory. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Albu, A. 1980. British Attitudes to engineering education: a historical perspective. In Pavitt, 1980.Google Scholar
Aldcroft, D. H. 1992. Education, Training and Economic Performance, 1944–1990. Manchester.Google Scholar
Alexander, I. 1979. Office Location and Public Policy.Google Scholar
Alexander, S. S. 1952. The effects of devaluation on a trade balance. IMF Staff Papers 2: 263–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alford, B. W. E. 1988. British Economic Performance, 1945–1975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, G. C. 1951. The concentration of production policy. In Chester, 1951.Google Scholar
Allen, G. C. 1979. British Industry and Economic Policy.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, R. G. D. 1946. Mutual aid between the US and the British Empire, 1941–1945. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 109: 243–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsopp, C. J. and Mayes, D. G. 1985. Demand management in practice. In Morris, 1985.Google Scholar
,Anglo-American Council on Productivity 1949. Steel Founding.
,Anglo-American Council on Productivity 1950. Superphosphate and Compound Fertilisers.
,Anglo-American Council on Productivity 1952. Iron and Steel.
,Anglo-American Council on Productivity 1953. Heavy Chemicals.
Anson, R. and Simpson, P. 1988. World textile trade and production trends. Special Report No. 1108, Economist Intelligence Unit, London.Google Scholar
Arestis, P., Palma, G. and Sawyer, M., eds. 1997. Markets, Unemployment and Economic Policy.Google Scholar
Ark, 1996. Sectoral growth accounting and structural change in post-War Europe. In Ark, and Crafts, 1996.Google Scholar
Ark, B. 1992. Comparative productivity in British and American manufacturing. National Institute Economic Review 142: 63–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ark, B. and Crafts, N. F. R., eds. 1996. Quantitative Aspects of Europe’s Postwar Growth. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Armstrong, H. and Taylor, J. 2000. Regional Economics and Policy, 3rd edn. Oxford.Google Scholar
Armytage, W. H. G. 1970. Four Hundred Years of English Education. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Arrow, K. J. 1962. The economic implications of learning-by-doing. Review of Economic Studies 29: 155–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arthur, W. B. 1989. Competing technologies, increasing returns and lock-in by historical events. Economic Journal 99: 116–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Artis, M. and Cobham, D., eds. 1991. Labour’s Economic Policies, 1974–79. Manchester.Google Scholar
Artis, M. J. 1978. Monetary policy, part II. In Blackaby, 1978.Google Scholar
Artis, M. J. and Lewis, M. K. 1976. The demand for money in the United Kingdom 1963–1973. Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies 44: 147–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashcroft, B. and McGregor, P. G. 1989. The demand for industrial development certificates and the effect of regional policy. Regional Studies 23, 4: 301–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashworth, W. 1986. The History of the British Coal Industry, V, The Nationalised Industry, 1946–1982. Oxford.Google Scholar
Atkinson, A. B. 1996. Incomes and the Welfare State. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, A. B. 2001: Top incomes in the United Kingdom over the twentieth century. Mimeo, Nuffield College, Oxford.Google Scholar
Autor, H., Katz, L. and Krueger, A. 1998. Computing inequality: have computers changed the labour market?Quarterly Journal of Economics 113, 4: 1169–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Averch, H. and Johnson, L. 1962. Behavior of the firm under regulatory constraint. American Economic Review 52: 1052–69.Google Scholar
Aylen, J. 1988. Privatisation of the British Steel Coproration. Fiscal Studies 9: 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bacon, R. and Eltis, W. 1976. Britain’s Economic Problems: Too Few Producers.
Baily, M. 1993. Competition, regulation and efficiency in service industries. Brookings Papers in Microeconomics 2: 71–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bain, G. S. and Price, R. 1980. Profiles of Union Growth. Oxford.Google Scholar
Bale, J. R. 1974. Towards a geography of the industrial estate. Professional Geographer 26: 291–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, S. and Selden, A., eds. 1996. The Heath Government 1970–74: A Reappraisal.Google Scholar
Balls, E. and O’Donnell, G., eds. 2002. Reforming Britain’s Economic and Financial Policy, Towards Greater Economic Stability. Basingstoke.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Bank of England 1968. Control of bank lending: the cash deposits scheme. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 8: 166–70.
,Bank of England 1969. The operation of monetary policy since the Radcliffe Report. In Croome, and Johnson, 1969.Google Scholar
,Bank of England 1970. The stock of money. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 10: 320–6.
,Bank of England 1971a. Competition and credit control: the discount market. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 11: 314–15.
,Bank of England 1971b. Reserve ratios: further definitions. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 11: 482–9.
,Bank of England 1973. Competition and credit control: modified arrangements for the discount market. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 13: 306–7.
,Bank of England 1974. Credit control: a supplementary scheme. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 14: 37–9.
,Bank of England 1976. The balance of payments and the exchange rate developments in the first half of 1976. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 16: 308–13.
,Bank of England 1977. DCE and the money supply – a statistical note. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 17: 39–42.
,Bank of England 1980. Financial review. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 20: 19–32.
,Bank of England 1981. Economic commentary. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 21: 3–18.
,Bank of England 1984a. The Development and Operation of Monetary Policy 1960–1983. Oxford.
,Bank of England 1984b. Funding the public sector borrowing requirement: 1952–83. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 24: 482–92.
,Bank of England 1985a. Operation of monetary policy. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 25: 361–70.
,Bank of England 1985b. Operation of monetary policy. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 25: 517–25.
,Bank of England 1986. Financial change and broad money. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 26: 499–507.
,Bank of England 1987a. Changes in the Stock Exchange and regulation of the City. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 27: 54–65.
,Bank of England 1987b. The gilt-edged market: auctions. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 27: 203.
,Bank of England 1987c. Measures of broad money. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 27: 212–19.
,Bank of England 1987d. The instruments of monetary policy. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 27: 365–70.
,Bank of England 1988a. The experimental series of gilt-edged auctions. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 28: 194–7.
,Bank of England 1988b. Bank of England operations in the sterling money market. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 28: 390–409.
,Bank of England 1989a. The gilt-edged market since Big Bang. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 29: 49–58.
,Bank of England 1989b. Bank of England operations in the sterling money market. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 29: 92–103.
,Bank of England 1990a. Monetary aggregates in a changing environment: a statistical discussion paper. Bank of England Discussion Papers 47: 1–44.
,Bank of England 1990b. The determination of the monetary aggregates. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 30: 380–3.
,Bank of England 1990c. The exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 30: 479–81.
,Bank of England 1992a. Operation of monetary policy. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 32: 382–98.
,Bank of England 1992b. The case for price stability. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 32: 441–8.
,Bank of England 1993a. Inflation report. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 33: 3–45.
,Bank of England 1993b. Operation of monetary policy. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 33: 59–67.
,Bank of England 1997a. Evolution of the monetary framework. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 37: 98–103.
,Bank of England 1997b. Changes at the Bank of England. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 37: 241–3.
,Bank of England 1997c. Reforms to the UK monetary policy framework and financial services regulation. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 37: 315–17.
,Bank of England 1998a. The Bank of England Act. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 38: 93–6.
,Bank of England 1998b. Inflation targeting in practice: the UK experience. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 38: 368–74.
,Bank of England 1999. The MPC two years on. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 39: 297–303.
,Bank of England 1999. The MPC two years on Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, various years.
,Bank of England 1999. The MPC two years on Bank of England Statistical Abstracts, various years.
Barber, J. and White, G. 1987. Current policy practice and problems from a UK perspective. In Dasgupta, and Stoneman, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bardou, J.-P., Chanaron, J.-J., Fridenson, P. and Laux, J. M. 1982. The Automobile Revolution: The Impact of an Industry. Chapel Hill, NC.Google Scholar
Barker, T. C. and Robbins, M. 1974. A History of London Transport, II, The Twentieth Century to 1970.Google Scholar
Barnett, C. 1986. The Audit of War: the Illusion and Reality of Britain as a Great Nation.Google Scholar
Barnett, C. 1998. The Lost Victory: British Dreams, British Realities 1945–1950.Google Scholar
Barnett, C. 2001. The Verdict of Peace: Britain between her Yesterday and the Future.Google Scholar
Barr, N. 1998. The Economics of the Welfare State, 3rd edn. Oxford.Google Scholar
Barrell, R., ed. 1994. The UK Labour Market. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Barrell, R., Mason, G. and O’Mahony, M., eds. 2000. Productivity, Innovation and Economic Performance. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Barro, R. J. 1974. Are government bonds net wealth?Journal of Political Economy 82: 1095–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barro, R. J. 1991. Economic growth in a cross section of countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics 106: 407–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barro, R. J. and Gordon, David B. 1983. A positive theory of monetary policy in a natural rate model. Journal of Political Economy 91: 589–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barro, R. J. and Sala-i-Martin, X. 1995. Economic Growth. New York.Google Scholar
Barro, R. J. and Sala-i-Martin, X. 1990. World interest rates and investment. In Blanchard, and Fischer, 1990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumol, W. J. 1967. Macroeconomics of unbalanced growth. American Economic Review 57: 415–26.Google Scholar
Baumol, W. J. 1986. Productivity growth, convergence and welfare. American Economic Review 76: 1072–85.Google Scholar
Bean, C. 1987. The impact of North Sea oil. In Dornbusch, and Layard, 1987.Google Scholar
Bean, C. and Crafts, N.British economic growth since 1945: relative economic decline … and renaissance? In Crafts, and Toniolo, 1996.Google Scholar
Beardwell, I., ed. 1996. Contemporary Industrial Relations. Oxford.Google Scholar
Beatson, M. 1993. Trends in pay flexibility. Employment Gazette September: 405–28.Google Scholar
Beck, U. 1992. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity.Google Scholar
Beckerman, W., ed. 1972. The Labour Government’s Economic Record 1964–1970.Google Scholar
Beesley, A. E., Cunningham, P. and Georghiou, L. 1998. Convergence of research: the government, public and independent sectors. In Cunningham, 1998.Google Scholar
Beesley, M. E., Gist, P. and Glaister, S. 1983. Cost–benefit analysis in London’s transport policies. Progress in Planning 19: 171–269.Google Scholar
Bernanke, Ben S., Laubach, Thomas, Mishkin, Frederic S. and Posen, Adam S. 1999. Inflation Targeting: Lessons from the International Experience. Princeton.Google Scholar
Berthoud, R. 1985. Challenges to Social Policy. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Bevan, A. 1952. In Place of Fear.Google Scholar
Beveridge, W. H. 1942. Social Insurance and Allied Services. Cmd 6404.Google Scholar
Bhagwati, J. N. 1984a. Why are services cheaper in the poor countries?Economic Journal 94: 279–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhagwati, J. N. 1984b. Splintering and disembodiment of services and developing nations. World Economy 7: 133–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, M. and Kay, J. 1988. Does Privatisation Work? Lessons from the UK.Google Scholar
Bishop, M., Kay, J. and Mayer, C., eds. 1994. Privatisation and Economic Performance. Oxford.Google Scholar
Bishop, M. and Kay, J. 1995. The Challenge of Regulation. Oxford.Google Scholar
Blaazer, D. 1999. ‘Devalued and dejected Britons’: the pound in public discourse in the mid-1960s. History Workshop Journal 47: 121–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, D. 1980. Inequalities in Health: Report of a Research Working Group.Google Scholar
Blackaby, F. T., ed. 1978. British Economic Policy 1960–74. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Blackaby, F. T., 1979. De-industrialisation.Google Scholar
Blanchard, O. and Fischer, S., eds. 1990. NBER Macroeconomics Annual. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Blinder, Alan S. 1998. Central Banking in Theory and Practice. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Boden, M. 1998. Science and technology in the private sector. In Cunningham, 1998.Google Scholar
Boléat, M. 1986. The Building Society Industry.Google Scholar
Booth, A. 1985. Economists and points rationing in the Second World War. Journal of European Economic History 14: 297–317.Google Scholar
Booth, A. 1987. Britain in the 1930s: a managed economy?Economic History Review 40: 499–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booth, A. 1989. British Economic Policy 1931–1949: Was There a Keynesian Revolution?Hemel Hempstead.Google Scholar
Booth, A. 2000. Inflation, expectations, and the political economy of Conservative Britain, 1951–1964. Historical Journal 43: 827–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booth, A. 2001. The British Economy in the Twentieth Century.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booth, A. 2003. The manufacturing failure hypothesis and the performance of British industry during the long boom. Economic History Review 56: 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booth, A. and Bryan, M. L. 2001. The union membership wage premium puzzle: is there a free rider problem? Working Paper, Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex.Google Scholar
Booth, A. and Coats, A. W. 1980. Some wartime observations on the role of the economist in government. Oxford Economic Papers 32: 177–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bound, J. and Johnson, G. 1992. Changes in the structure of wages in the 1980s: an evaluation of alternative explanations. American Economic Review82, 3: 371–92.Google Scholar
Bower, C. 2001. Trends in female employment. Labour Market Trends: 93–106.Google Scholar
Branscomb, L. M. and Keller, J. H., eds. 1998. Investing in Innovation: Creating a Research and Innovation Policy that Works. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Brech, M. J. 1985. Nationalised industries. In Morris, 1985.Google Scholar
Bresnahan, T., Brynjolfsson, E. and Hitt, L. 1999. Information technology, workplace organisation and the demand for skilled labour: firm-level evidence. Working Paper 7136, NBER.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, A. 1979. The History of Broadcasting in the UK. IV, Sound and Vision. Oxford.Google Scholar
Bristow, J. 1968. Taxation and income stabilisation. Economic Journal 78: 299–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,British Bankers’ Association, various years. Abstract of Banking Statistics: banking business.
,British Railways Board 1963. The Reshaping of British Railways. (The Beeching Report)
Brittan, S. 1971. Steering the Economy.Google Scholar
Britton, A. J. C. 1991. Macroeconomic Policy in Britain 1974–1987. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1988. The impact of the World Wars on the long run performance of the British economy. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 4: 25–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1991. Unemployment. In Crafts, and Woodward, 1991.
Broadberry, S. N. 1993. Manufacturing and the convergence hypothesis: what the long-run data show. Journal of Economic History 53: 772–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1994a. Technological leadership and productivity leadership in manufacturing since the industrial revolution: implications for the convergence thesis. Economic Journal 104: 291–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1994b. Why was unemployment in post-war Britain so low. Bulletin of Economic Research 46: 241–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1997a. Forging ahead, falling behind and catching-up: a sectoral analysis of Anglo-American productivity differences, 1870–1990. Research in Economic History 17: 1–37.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1997b. Anglo-German productivity differences 1970–1990: a sectoral analysis. European Review of Economic History 1: 247–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1997c. The Productivity Race: British Manufacturing in International Perspective 1850–1990. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1998a. How did the United States and Germany overtake Britain? A sectoral analysis of comparative productivity levels, 1870–1990. Journal of Economic History 58: 375–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1998b. Human capital and productivity performance: Britain, the United States and Germany, 1870–1990. Unpublished paper, University of Warwick.
Broadberry, S. N. 2000. Britain’s productivity performance in international perspective 1870–1990. In Barrell, et al. 2000.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 2003. Human capital and skills. In Floud, and Johnson, 2003.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1996. British economic policy and industrial performance in the early postwar period. Business History 38: 65–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 1998. The post-war settlement: not such a good bargain after all. Business History 40: 73–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. 2001. Competition and innovation in 1950s Britain. Business History 43: 97–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Crafts, N. F. R. 1992. Britain’s productivity gap in the 1930s: some neglected factors. Journal of Economic History 52: 531–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Ghosal, S. 2002. From the counting house to the modern office: Anglo-American productivity differences in services, 1870–1990. Journal of Economic History 62: 967–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Howlett, P. 1998. The United Kingdom: ‘Victory at all costs.’ In Harrison, 1998.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Howlett, P. forthcoming. Blood, sweat and tears: British mobilisation for World War II. In Chickering, and Förster, forthcoming.
Broadberry, S. N. and Wagner, K. 1996. Human capital and productivity in manufacturing during the twentieth century: Britain, Germany and the United States. In Ark, and Crafts, 1996.Google Scholar
Broadway, F. 1969. State Intervention in British Industry, 1964–68.Google Scholar
Brown, G. 2001. The conditions for high and stable growth and employment. Economic Journal 111: C30–C44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, W. 1976. Incomes policy and pay differentials. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 38: 1.Google Scholar
Brown, W., Deakin, S., Hudson, M., Pratten, C. and Ryan, P. 1998. The Individualisation of the Employment Contract in Britain. DTI Research Series.Google Scholar
Brown, W., Deakin, S., Nash, D. and Oxenbridge, S. 2000. The employment contract: from collective procedures to individual rights. British Journal of Industrial Relations 38: 611–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruno, M. and Sachs, J. D. 1985. Economics of Worldwide Stagflation. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryson, A. 2002. Unions and workplace performance: what’s going on? Mimeo, Policy Studies Institute, London.Google Scholar
Bryson, A. and Wilkinson, D. 2002. Collective Bargaining and Workplace Performance: an Investigation using the WERS 1998. DTI Research Series.Google Scholar
Budd, Alan. 1998. The role and operations of the Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee. Economic Journal 108: 1783–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Building Societies Association, Facts and Figures, various years.
,Building Societies Association, The Building Societies Association Bulletin, various years.
Bullock, A. 1967. The Life and Times of Ernest Bevin, II, Minister of Labour, 1940–1945.Google Scholar
Burnham, P. 2000. Britain’s external economic policy in the 1950s: the historical significance of operation ROBOT. Twentieth Century British History 11: 379–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, D. 1990. Competition in the UK retail financial services sector: some implications for the spatial distribution and function of bank branches. Service Industries Journal 10: 571–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buxton, T., Chapman, P. and Temple, P., eds. 1994. Britain’s Economic Performance.Google Scholar
Buxton, T., Chapman, P. and Temple, P., eds. 1998. Britain’s Economic Performance. 2nd edn.Google Scholar
Cairncross, A. 1985. Years of Recovery: British Economic Policy, 1945–1951.Google Scholar
Cairncross, A. 1986. The Price of War: British Policy toward German Reparations, 1941–45. Oxford.Google Scholar
Cairncross, A. 1992. The British Economy since 1945.Google Scholar
Cairncross, A. and Eichengreen, B. 1983. Sterling in Decline. Oxford.Google Scholar
Cairncross, Alec. 1983. The 1967 devaluation of sterling. In Cairncross, and Eichengreen, 1983.Google Scholar
Cairncross, Alec. 1987. Prelude to Radcliffe: monetary policy in the United Kingdom 1948–57. Rivista di Storia Economica 4: 1–20.Google Scholar
Cannadine, D. 1997. Apocalypse when? British politicians and British ‘decline’ in the twentieth century. In Clarke, and Trebilcock, 1997.Google Scholar
Cantwell, J. A. and Hodson, C. 1991. Global R&D and British companies. In Casson, 1991.Google Scholar
Capie, F. and Collins, M. 1992. Have the Banks Failed Industry?Google Scholar
Capie, F. and Wood, G. 2002. Price controls in war and peace: a Marshallian conclusion. Scottish Journal of Political Economy 49: 39–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capie, Forrest and Webber, Alan. 1985. A Monetary History of the United Kingdom 1870–1982, I, Data, Sources, Methods.Google Scholar
Carnevali, F. and Scott, P. 1999. The Treasury as venture capitalist: DATAC industrial finance and the Macmillan gap 1945–60. Financial History Review 6: 47–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caroli, E. and Reenen, J. 2001. Skill-biased organizational change?: evidence from a panel of British and French establishments. Quarterly Journal of Economics 116: 1449–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, C. F., ed. 1981. Industrial Policy and Innovation.Google Scholar
Carter, C. F. and Williams, B. R. 1957. Industry and Technical Progress. Oxford.Google Scholar
Casson, M. C., ed. 1991. Global Research Strategy and International Competitiveness. Oxford.Google Scholar
Castells, M. 2000. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, I, The Rise of the Network Society, 2nd edn. Oxford.Google Scholar
Caves, R. et al. 1968. Britain’s Economic Prospects. Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Caves, R. E. and Krause, L. B., eds. 1980. Britain’s Economic Performance. Washington, DC.Google Scholar
,Central Statistical Office (CSO) 1985. The UK National Accounts: Sources and Methods, 3rd edn.
,Central Statistical Office (CSO) 1995. New Earnings Survey 1995.
,Central Statistical Office (CSO) 1985. Annual Abstract of Statistics, various years (see also ONS).
,Central Statistical Office (CSO) 1985. Economic Trends, various years (see also ONS).
,Central Statistical Office (CSO) 1985. Regional Trends, various years.
,Central Statistical Office (CSO) 1985. UK Balance of Payments, various years.
,Central Statistical Office (CSO) 1985. UK National Accounts, various years (see also ONS).
,Central Statistical Office with Howlett, P. 1995. Fighting With Figures.
Chada, J. and Dimsdale, N. H. 1999. A long view of real rates. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 15: 17–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chalmin, P. 1990. The Making of a Sugar Giant: Tate and Lyle, 1859–1989. New York.Google Scholar
,Chancellor of the Exchequer. 1969. Public Expenditure: a New Presentation. Command 4017.
Chandler, A. D. 1990. Scale and Scope: the Dynamics of Industrial Competition. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Channon, D. 1976. Corporate evolution in the service industries. In Hannah, 1976. 1978. The Service Industries.Google Scholar
Chapman, K. 1991. The International Petrochemical Industry: Evolution and Location. Oxford.Google Scholar
Chester, D. N. 1975. The Nationalisation of British Industry.Google Scholar
Chester, D. N., ed. 1951. Lessons of the British War Economy. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Chickering, R. and Förster, E., eds. forthcoming. A World at Total War: Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1939–1945. Cambridge.CrossRef
Church, R. 1994. The Rise and Decline of the British Motor Industry.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churchill, W. S. 1949. The Second World War, II, Their Finest Hour. 1985 edn.Google Scholar
Cipolla, C., ed. 1973. The Industrial Revolution.Google Scholar
,Clare Group 1982. Problems of industrial recovery. Midland Bank ReviewSpring: 9–16.
Clark, T. and Dilnot, A. 2002a. Long-term trends in British taxation and spending. Briefing Note 25, IFS; available on-line from www.ifs.org.uk/public/bn25.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, T. 2002b. Measuring the UK fiscal stance since the Second World War. Briefing Note 26, IFS; available on-line from www.ifs.org.uk/public/bn26.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, T., Love, S. and Elsby, M. 2001. 25 years of falling investment? Trends in capital spending on public services. Briefing Note 20, IFS; available on-line from www.ifs.org.uk/public/bn20.pdf.Google Scholar
Clarke, M. 1986. Regulating the City. Competition, Scandal and Reform. Milton Keynes.Google Scholar
Clarke, P. 1998. The Keynesian Revolution and its Consequences. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Clarke, P. and Trebilcock, C., eds. 1997. Understanding Decline: Perceptions and Realities of British Economic Performance. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Clayton, G., Gilbert, J. C. and Sedgwick, R., eds. 1971. Monetary Theory and Monetary Policy in the 1970s.Google Scholar
Clegg, H. A. 1976. Trade Unionism under Collective Bargaining. Oxford.Google Scholar
Coakley, J. 1988. Bank lending and the control of industry: an empirical study. In Harris, et al. 1988.Google Scholar
Coakley, J. and Harris, L. 1992. Financial globalisation and deregulation. In Michie, 1992.Google Scholar
Coates, D. 1994. The Question of UK Decline.Google Scholar
Coates, D. 2002. The state as ‘lubricator’: the impact of New Labour’s economic policy. A report on New Labour’s first term in office. Mimeo, Wake Forest University, NC.Google Scholar
Cobham, David. 1997. The post-ERM framework for monetary policy in the United Kingdom: bounded credibility. Economic Journal 107: 1128–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cockerill, A. 1988. Steel. In Johnson, P., ed., The Structure of British Industry, 2nd edn.Google Scholar
Cockerill, A. 1993. Steel. In Johnson, P., ed., European Industries: Structure, Conduct and Performance, Aldershot.Google Scholar
Coleman, D. C. 1980. Courtaulds: an Economic History, III, Crisis and Change, 1940–1965. Oxford.Google Scholar
Collins, B. and Robbins, K. 1990. British Culture and Economic Decline.Google Scholar
,Combined Committee on Non-Food Consumption 1945. The Impact of the War on Civilian Consumption in the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada.
,Conservative Party 1970. A Better Tomorrow.
Cooper, M. H. 1966. Prices and Profits in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Oxford.Google Scholar
Cosh, A., Hughes, A. and Rowthorn, R. E. 1994. The competitive role of UK manufacturing industry: 1950–2003 – a case analysis. Mimeo, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
,Council of Mortgage Lenders, various years. Housing Finance, The Quarterly Economics Journal of the Building Societies Association.
Cowling, K. and Cubbin, J. 1971. Price, quality and advertising competition: the UK car market. Economica, 38: 378–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowling, K., Stoneman, P., Cubbin, J., Cable, J., Hall, G., Domberger, S. and Dutton, P. 1980. Mergers and Economic Performance. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. 1992. Productivity growth reconsidered. Economic Policy 15 (October): 387–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. 1993. Can Deindustrialisation Seriously Damage Your Wealth?Google Scholar
Crafts, N. 1995. The golden age of economic growth in Western Europe, 1950–1973. Economic History Review 48: 429–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. 1996. Deindustrialisation and economic growth. Economic Journal 106: 172–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. 1997a. Britain’s Relative Economic Decline 1870–1995.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. 1997b. Economic growth in East Asia and western Europe since 1950: implications for living standards. National Institute Economic Review 162: 75–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. 1998. The Conservative Government’s Economic Record: an End of Term Report.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. 2000. Economic growth in the twentieth century. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 15: 18–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N., ed. 2002. Britain’s Relative Economic Performance.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. and O’Mahony, M. 2001. A perspective on UK productivity performance. Fiscal Studies 22: 271–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. and Toniolo, G., eds. 1996. Economic Growth in Europe since 1945. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. and Mills, T. C. 1996. Europe’s golden age: an econometric investigation of changing trend rates of growth. In Ark, and Crafts, 1996.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. and Thomas, M. F. 1986. Comparative advantage in UK manufacturing trade, 1910–1935. Economic Journal, 96: 629–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. and Woodward, N. W. C., eds. 1991. The British Economy since 1945. Oxford.Google Scholar
Croome, David R. and Johnson, Harry, eds. 1969. Money in Britain 1959–1969.Google Scholar
Crosland, C. A. R. 1956. The Future of Socialism.Google Scholar
Cullingworth, J. B. 1979. Environmental Planning, 1939–1969, III, New Towns Policy.Google Scholar
Cunningham, P., ed. 1998. Science and Technology in the United Kingdom, 2nd edn.
Daly, A., Hitchens, D. M. W. N. and Wagner, K. 1985. Productivity, machinery and skills in a sample of German and British manufacturing plants. National Institute Economic Review 111: 48–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniels, P. 1982. Service Industries: Growth and Location. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, P. and Stoneman, P., eds. 1987. Economic Policy and Technological Performance. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, P. A., Hall, B. H. and Toole, A. A. 2000. Is public R&D a complement or substitute for private R&D?: a review of the econometric evidence. Research Policy 29: 497–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, G. 1981. Building Societies and their Branches - A Regional Economic Survey.Google Scholar
Davies, P. and Freedland, M. 1993. Labour Legislation and Public Policy. Oxford.Google Scholar
Dawson, S., Willman, P., Bamford, M. and Clinton, A. 1988. Safety at Work: the Limits of Self-Regulation. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Deakin, S. 1992. Labour law and industrial relations. In Michie, 1992.Google Scholar
Deardoff, A. and Stern, R., eds. 1994. Analytical and Negocial Issues in the Global Trade System. Ann Arbor.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denny, K. and Nickell, S. J. 1992. Unions and investment in British industry. Economic Journal 102: 874–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dent, H. C. 1970. 1870–1970, Century of Growth in English Education.Google Scholar
,Department of Employment, Employment Gazette, various issues.
,Department of Employment, Labour Market Trends, various issues.
,Department of Employment and Productivity 1971. British Labour Statistics: Historical Abstract, 1886–1968.
,Department of Health 2002. Tackling Health Inequalities.
Diebold, W. 1952. The End of the ITO. Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Diederen, P., Stoneman, P., Toivanen, O. and Wolters, A. 1999. Innovation and Research Policies: an International Comparative Analysis. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Digby, A. 1989. British Welfare Policy: Workhouse to Workfare.Google Scholar
Dilnot, A. and Emmerson, C. 2000. The economic environment. In Halsey, and Webb, 2000.Google Scholar
Dilnot, A. W., Kay, J. A. and Morris, C. N. 1984. The Reform of Social Security. Oxford.Google Scholar
Dintenfass, M. 1982. The Decline of Industrial Britain, 1870–1990.Google Scholar
Dobson, A. 1995. Anglo-American Relations in the Twentieth Century.Google Scholar
Dormois, J. P. and Dintenfass, M., eds. 1999. The British Industrial Decline.Google Scholar
Dornbusch, R. 1976. Expectations and exchange rate dynamics. Journal of Political Economy 84: 1161–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dornbusch, R. and Layard, R., eds. 1987. The Performance of the British Economy. Oxford.Google Scholar
Dow, J. 1998. Major Recessions: Britain and the World, 1920–1995. Oxford.Google Scholar
Dow, J. C. R. 1964. The Management of the British Economy 1945–60. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Dow, J. C. R. and Saville, I. D. 1988. A Critique of Monetary Policy: Theory and British Experience. Oxford.Google Scholar
Dowrick, S. 1992. Technological catch up and diverging incomes: patterns of economic growth 1960–88. Economic Journal 102: 600–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dowrick, S. and Nguyen, D. T. 1989. OECD comparative economic growth, 1950–1985. American Economic Review 79: 1010–30.Google Scholar
Drake, L. 1989. The Building Society Industry in Transition.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,DSS 2000. The Changing Welfare State: Social Security Spending.
,DTI 2002. Productivity and Competitiveness Update 2002.
Dunnett, P. J. S. 1980, The Decline of the British Motor Industry: the Effects of Government Policy, 1945–1979.Google Scholar
Durcan, J. W., McCarthy, W. E. J. and Redman, G. P. 1983. Strikes in Post-War Britain: a Study of Stoppages of Work due to Industrial Disputes, 1946–73.Google Scholar
Eatwell, J. and Robinson, J. 1973. An Introduction to Modern Economics. Maidenhead.Google Scholar
Eatwell, J., Milgate, M. and Newman, P., eds. 1987. The New Palgrave: a Dictionary of Economics.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Economist, The 1986. Big Bang Brief.
Edgerton, D. 1991. England and the Aeroplane.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edgerton, D. 1996a. Science, Technology and the British Industrial ‘Decline’, 1870–1970. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Edgerton, D. 1996b. The ‘white heat’ revisited: the British government and technology in the 1960s. Twentieth Century British History 7: 53–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edgerton, D. E. H. and Horrocks, S. M. 1994. British industrial research and development before 1945. Economic History Review 47: 213–38.Google Scholar
Edwards, P. 1998. Industrial conflict. In Poole, M. and Warner, M., eds., The Handbook of Human Resource Management.Google Scholar
Edwards, P. and Hyman, R. 1994. Strikes and industrial conflict. In Hyman, and , Ferner 1994.Google Scholar
Eichengreen, B. 1996. Institutions and economic growth: Europe after World War II. In Crafts, and Toniolo, 1996.Google Scholar
,EIRO (European Industrial Relations Observatory) 2001. Annual Review 2000. Dublin.
Elbaum, B. and Lazonick, W., eds. 1986. The Decline of the British Economy. Oxford.Google Scholar
Elias, P. 1994. Job-related training, trade union membership and labour mobility. Oxford Economic Papers 46: 4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliot, I. 1976. Total factor productivity. In Panic, 1976.Google Scholar
Ellison, J. 2000. Threatening Europe: Britain and the Creation of the European Community, 1955–58. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eltis, W. 1996. How low profitability and weak innovativeness undermined UK industrial growth. Economic Journal 106 (January): 104–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eltis, W. 2002. Forward. In Crafts, 2002.Google Scholar
Eltis, W. A. and Sinclair, P. J. N., eds. 1981. The Money Supply and the Exchange Rate. Oxford.Google Scholar
Emmerson, C. and Frayne, C. 2001. The government’s fiscal rules. Briefing Note 18, IFS; available on-line from www.ifs.org.uk.Google Scholar
English, R. and Kenny, M. eds. 2000. Rethinking British Decline.Google Scholar
Ergas, H. 1984. Economic Evaluation of the Impact of Telecommunications Investment in the Communities. Berlin.Google Scholar
Ergas, H. 1987. The importance of technology policy. In Dasgupta, and Stoneman, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, M. 1998. Social security: dismantling the pyramids? In Glennerster, and Hills, 1998.Google Scholar
Falkingham, J. and Hills, J., eds. 1995. The Dynamic of Welfare. Hemel Hempstead.Google Scholar
,Federal Statistical Office, various years. Statistisches Jahrbuch. Wiesbaden.
Feinstein, C. H. 1972. National Income, Expenditure and Output of the United Kingdom, 1855–1965. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1990. Benefits of backwardness and costs of continuity. In Graham, and Seldon, 1990.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1994. Success and failure: British economic growth since 1948. In Floud, and McCloskey, 1994.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1999. Structural change in developed countries during the twentieth century. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 15: 35–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feinstein, C. H., ed. 1967. Socialism, Capitalism and Economic Growth: Essays Presented to Maurice Dobb. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. 1983. The Managed Economy. Oxford.Google Scholar
Feldstein, M. 1974. Social security, induced retirement and aggregate capital accumulation. Journal of Political Economy 82: 905–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldstein, M. 1996. The missing piece in policy analysis: social security reform. American Economic Review 86: 1–14.Google Scholar
Fernie, S. and Metcalf, D. 1995. Participation, contingent pay, representation and workplace performance: evidence from Great Britain. British Journal of Industrial Relations 33: 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fforde, John. 1992. The Bank of England and Public Policy, 1941–1958. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Fiegehen, G. C., Lansley, P. S. and Smith, A. D. 1977. Poverty and Progress in Britain, 1953–73. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Field, F. and Piachaud, D. 1971. The poverty trap. New Statesman 3 December.Google Scholar
,Finniston Committee 1980. Engineering Our Future: Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Engineering Profession.
Flaherty, D. 1985. Labor control in the British boot and shoe industry. Industrial Relations 24: 339–59.Google Scholar
Flanagan, R. J. 1999. Macroeconomic performance and collective bargaining: an international perspective. Journal of Economic Literature37.Google Scholar
Flanders, A. 1954. Collective bargaining. In Flanders, and Clegg, 1954.Google Scholar
Flanders, A. 1964. The Fawley Productivity Agreements.Google Scholar
Flanders, A. and Clegg, H. A., eds. 1954. The System of Industrial Relations in Great Britain. Oxford.Google Scholar
Fleming, J. M. 1962. Domestic financial policies under fixed and under floating exchange rates. IMF Staff Papers 9: 369–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floud, R. and Johnson, P., eds. 2003. The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain, II, Economic Maturity 1860–1939. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Floud, R. and McCloskey, D., eds. 1994. The Economic History of Britain since 1700, III, 1939–1992, 2nd edn. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Foot, M. D. K. W. 1981. Monetary targets: their nature and record in the major economies. In Griffiths, and Wood, 1981.Google Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. 1989. Competition, cooperation and nationalisation in the nineteenth century telegraph system. Business History 31: 81–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. 1991. Trade and the balance of payments. In Crafts, and Woodward, 1991.Google Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. and Federico, G., eds. 1999. European Industrial Policy: the Twentieth Century Experience. Oxford.Google Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. and Hannah, L. 1999. Britain: from economic liberalism to socialism – and back? In Foreman-Peck, and Federico, 1999.Google Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. and Waterson, M. 1985. The comparative efficiency of public and private enterprises in Britain: electricity generation between the wars. Economic Journal 85, supplement: 84–105.Google Scholar
Fothergill, S. and Guy, N. 1990. Retreat from the Regions: Corporate Change and the Closure of Factories.Google Scholar
François, J. F. 1990. Producer services, scale and the division of labour. Oxford Economic Papers 42: 715–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
François, J. F. and Reinert, K. A. 1996. The role of services in the structure of production and trade: stylised facts from a cross-country analysis. Asian Pacific Economic Review 2: 35–43.Google Scholar
Freeman, C. and Louçã, F. 2001. As Time Goes By: from the Industrial Revolutions to the Information Revolution. Oxford.Google Scholar
Freeman, C. and Young, A. 1965. The R&D Effort in Western Europe, North America and the Soviet Union. Paris.Google Scholar
Frenkel, M. 1962. The production function in allocation and growth: a synthesis. American Economic Review 52: 995–1022.Google Scholar
Friedman, M. 1980. Memorandum of evidence on monetary policy. In ,House of Commons (1980).Google Scholar
Fuchs, V. 1968. The Service Economy. New York.Google Scholar
Fukuyama, F. 1995. Social capital and the global economy, Foreign Affairs 74: 89–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furner, M. and Supple, B., eds. 1990. The State and Economic Knowledge: the American and British Experiences. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Georghiou, L. 2001. The United Kingdom national system of research, technology and innovation. In , Larédo and Mustar, 2001.Google Scholar
Geroski, P. 1990. Innovation, technological opportunity and market structure. Oxford Economic Papers 42: 586–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geroski, P. 1991. Innovation and the sectoral sources of UK productivity growth. Economic Journal 101: 1438–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geroski, P., Reenen, J. and Walters, C. F. 1997. How persistently do firms innovate?Research Policy 26: 33–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giddens, A. 1998. The Third Way. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Gilborn, D. and Mirza, H. D. 2000. Educational Inequality: Mapping Race, Class and Gender.Google Scholar
Gillespie, B. 1979. British ‘safety policy’ and pesticides. In Johnston, and Gummett, 1979.Google Scholar
Glennerster, H. 1980. Public spending and the social services: the end of an era? In Brown, and Baldwin, 1980.Google Scholar
Glennerster, H. 2000. British Social Policy since 1945, 2nd edn. Oxford.Google Scholar
Glennerster, H. and Hills, J., eds. 1998. The State of Welfare, 2nd edn. Oxford.Google Scholar
Goddard, J. B. and Champion, A. G., eds. 1983. The Urban and Regional Transformation of England.Google Scholar
Goldin, C. 1998. America’s graduation from high school: the evolution and spread of secondary schooling in the twentieth century. Journal of Economic History 58: 345–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodhart, C. 1986. Financial innovation and monetary control. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 2: 79–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodhart, C., Kay, J., Mortimer, K. and Duguid, A. 1988. Financial Regulation or Over-regulation?Google Scholar
Goodhart, C. A. E. 1969. The gilt-edged market. In Johnson, 1972.Google Scholar
Goodhart, C. A. E. 1975. Problems of monetary management: the UK experience. In Goodhart, 1984.Google Scholar
Goodhart, C. A. E. 1982. Structural changes in the banking system and the determination of the stock of money. In Goodhart, 1984.Google Scholar
Goodhart, C. A. E. 1984. Monetary Theory and Practice: the UK Experience.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodhart, C. A. E. 1989. The conduct of monetary policy. Economic Journal 99: 293–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodhart, C. A. E. and Crockett, A. D. 1970. The importance of money. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 10: 159–98. Reprinted in Johnson 1972.Google Scholar
Goodin, R. C. and Le Grand, J. 1987. Not Only the Poor: the Middle Classes and the Welfare State.Google Scholar
Goodman, A. 2001. Inequality and living standards in Great Britain: some facts. Briefing Note 19, IFS.Google Scholar
Goodman, A., Johnson, P. and Webb, S. 1997. Inequality in the UK. Oxford.Google Scholar
Goodwin, R. M. 1967. A growth cycle. In Feinstein, 1967.Google Scholar
Gordon, I. R. and Molho, I. 1998. A multi-stream analysis of the changing pattern of interregional migration in Great Britain, 1960–1991. Regional Studies 32: 309–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordon, R. J. 1992. Discussion of Crafts. Economic Policy 15: 414–21.Google Scholar
Gordon, R. J. 1993. Comment on M. Baily, Competition Regulation and Efficiency in Service Industries. Brookings Papers in Microeconomics 2: 131–44.Google Scholar
Gordon, R. J. 2000. Does the new economy measure up to the great inventions of the past?Journal of Economic Perspectives 14: 49–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gosden, P. 1983. The Education System since 1944. Oxford.Google Scholar
Gosling, A. and Machin, S. 1995. Trade unions and the dispersion of earnings in British establishments 1980–90. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 57: 167–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gospel, H. F. 1992. Markets, Firms, and the Management of Labour in Modern Britain.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gospel, H. F. 1995. The decline of apprenticeship training in Britain. Industrial Relations Journal 25: 32–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gourvish, T. and O’Day, A., eds. 1992. Britain since 1945.Google Scholar
Gourvish, T. R. 1986. British Railways 1948–73: a Business History. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Gourvish, T. R. and Wilson, R. G. 1994. The British Brewing Industry, 1830–1980. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Gowing, M. M. 1972. The organisation of manpower in Britain during the Second World War. Journal of Contemporary History 7: 147–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gowland, David. 1978. Monetary Policy and Credit Control: the UK Experience.Google Scholar
Gowland, David. 1982. Controlling the Money Supply.Google Scholar
Gowland, David. 1990. The Regulation of Financial Markets in the 1990s.Google Scholar
Graham, A. and Seldon, A., eds. 1990. Government and Economies in the Postwar World.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grand, J. 1982. The Strategy of Equality.Google Scholar
Grant, W. and Martinelli, A. 1991. Political turbulence, enterprise crisis and industrial recovery: ICI and Montedison. In Martinelli, 1991.Google Scholar
Green, F. 1993. The impact of trade union membership on training in Britain. Applied Economics 25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, M. J. 1985. The evolution of market services in the European Community, the USA and Japan. European Economy 5.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, C. 1990. Innovation and trade performance in the United Kingdom. Economic Journal 100, supplement: 105–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenhalgh, C. and Gregory, M. 2000. Labour productivity and product quality: their growth and inter-industry transmission in the UK 1979–90. In Barrell, et al. 2000.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, C., Taylor, P. and Wilson, R. 1994. Innovation and export volumes and prices – a disaggregated study. Oxford Economic Papers 46: 102–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenway, D. and Winters, L. A., eds. 1991. Surveys in International Trade. Oxford.Google Scholar
Gregg, P. and Wadsworth, J., eds. 1999. The State of Working Britain. Manchester.Google Scholar
Griffiths, B. 1973. The development of restrictive practices in the UK monetary system. Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies 41: 3–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, B. and Wood, G. E., eds. 1981. Monetary Targets.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griliches, Z. 1988. Productivity puzzles and R&D; another non-explanation. Journal of Economic Perspectives 2: 9–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griliches, Z. 1990. Patent statistics as economic indicators. Journal of Economic Literature 28: 1661–707.Google Scholar
Griliches, Z. 1994. Productivity, R&D and the data constraint. American Economic Review 84: 1–25.Google Scholar
Grossman, G. M. and Helpman, E. 1991. Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Gummett, P. 1991. History, development and organisation of UK science and technology up to 1982. In Nicholson, et al. 1991.Google Scholar
Hall, M. 1987. The City Revolution. Causes and Consequences.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, P. A. and Soskice, D., eds. 2001. Varieties of Capitalism: the Institutional Foundations of Competitive Advantage. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, Robert. 1989. The Robert Hall Diaries 1947–1953, ed. Alec Cairncross, .Google Scholar
Hall, Robert. 1991. The Robert Hall Diaries 1954–1961, ed. Alec Cairncross, .Google Scholar
Halsey, A. H., Heath, A. F. and Ridge, J. M. 1980. Origins and Destinations. Oxford.Google Scholar
Halsey, A. H. and Webb, J. 2000. Twentieth Century British Social Trends. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hammond, R. J. 1951. Food, I, The Growth of Policy.Google Scholar
Hannah, L. 1974. Managerial innovation and the rise of the large-scale company in interwar Britain. Economic History Review 27: 252–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannah, L. 1979. Electricity before Nationalisation: a Study of the Development of the Electricity Supply Industry in Britain to 1948.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannah, L. 1982. Engineers, Managers and Politicians: the First Fifteen Years of Nationalised Electricity Supply in Britain.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannah, L. 1990. Economic ideas and government policy on industrial organization in Britain since 1945. In Furner, and Supple, 1990.Google Scholar
Hannah, L., ed. 1976. Management Strategy and Business Development.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hargreaves, E. L. and Gowing, M. M. 1952. Civil Industry and Trade.Google Scholar
Harris, J. 1977. William Beveridge: a Biography. Oxford.Google Scholar
Harris, J. 1981. Some aspects of social policy in Britain during the Second World War. In Mommsen, 1981.Google Scholar
Harris, J. 1986. Political ideas and the debate on state welfare, 1940–1945. In Smith, 1986.Google Scholar
Harris, J. 1992. Enterprise and the welfare state. In O’Day, and Gourvish, 1992.Google Scholar
Harris, L., Coakley, J., Croasdale, M. and Evans, T., eds. 1988. New Perspectives on the Financial System.Google Scholar
Harris, R. I. D. 1988. Market structure and external control in the regional economies of Great Britain. Scottish Journal of Political Economy 35, 4: 334–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, R. I. D. 1990. The standard capital grant in Northern Ireland, 1954–1988. Regional Studies 24, 4: 343–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, R. I. D. 1991. Regional Economic Policy in Northern Ireland 1945–1988. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Harrison, M. 1988. Resource mobilization for World War II: the USA, the UK, USSR and Germany, 1938–1945. Economic History Review 41: 171–92.Google Scholar
Harrison, M. 1990. The volume of Soviet munitions output, 1937–1945: a re-evaluation. Journal of Economic History 50: 569–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, M. forthcoming. The USSR and Total War: why didn’t the Soviet economy collapse in 1942? In Chickering, and Förster, forthcoming.
Harrison, M., ed. 1998. The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, R. T. and Hart, M., eds. 1993. Spatial Policy in a Divided Nation.Google Scholar
Harrison, T. 2000. Financial Services Marketing. Harlow.Google Scholar
Hart, M. and Scott, R. 1994. Measuring the effectiveness of small firm policy: some lessons from Northern Ireland. Regional Studies 28, 8: 849–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartwell, R. M. 1973. The service revolution. In Cipolla, 1973.Google Scholar
Hasan, J. 1998. A History of Water in Modern England and Wales. Manchester.Google Scholar
Haskel, J. and Heden, Y. 1999. Computers and the demand for skilled labour: industry- and establishment-level panel evidence for the UK. Economic Journal 109: 68–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayek, F. A. 1944. The Road to Serfdom.Google Scholar
Haynes, M. and Thompson, S. 2000. Productivity, employment and the ‘IT paradox’: evidence for financial services. In Barrell, et al. 2000.Google Scholar
Heald, D. 1980. The economic and financial control of UK nationalised industries. Economic Journal 90: 243–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Healey, N. M., ed. 1993. Britain’s Economic Miracle: Myth or Reality.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heim, C. E. 1987. R&D, defence, and spatial divisions of labour in twentieth-century Britain. Journal of Economic History 47: 365–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heim, C. E. 1988. Government research establishments, state capacity and distribution of industry policy in Britain. Regional Studies 22: 375–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helpman, E., ed. 1998. General Purpose Technologies and Economic Growth. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Henderson, P. D. 1977. Two British errors: their probable size and some possible lessons. Oxford Economic Papers 29: 159–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higgins, D. M. 1993. Rings, mules and structural constraints in the Lancashire textile industry, c. 1945 - c. 1965. Economic History Review 46: 342–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higgs, R. 1992. Wartime prosperity? A reassessment of the US economy in the 1940s. Journal of Economic History 52: 41–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hildreth, A. 1999. What has happened to the union wage differential in Britain in the 1990s?Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 61: 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hills, J. 1993. The Future of Welfare: a Guide to the Debate. York.Google Scholar
Hills, J., ed. 1996. New Inequalities. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirst, P. and Thompson, G. 1999. Globalization in Question, 2nd edn. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hirst, P. and Thompson, G. 2000. Globalization in one country? The peculiarities of the British. Economy and Society 29: 335–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirst, P. and Zeitlin, J., eds. 1989. Reversing Industrial Decline? Industrial Structure and Policy in Britain and Her Competitors. Oxford.Google Scholar
,HM Treasury 1961. Economic and Financial Objectives of the Nationalised Industries. Cmnd 1337.
,HM Treasury 1967. Nationalised Industries: a Review of Economic and Financial Objectives. Cmnd 3437.
,HM Treasury 1978. The Nationalised Industries. Cmnd 7131.
,HM Treasury 2000. Planning Sustainable Public Spending: Lessons from Previous Policy Experience.
,HMSO 1941. Analysis of the Sources of War Finance and Estimate of the National Income and Expenditure in 1938 and 1940. Cmd 621.
,HMSO 1941. various years. Inland Revenue Statistics.
Hoekman, B. 1994. Conceptual and political economy issues in liberalising international transactions in services. In Deardoff, and Stern, 1994.Google Scholar
Hoekman, B. 1995. Regional versus multilateral liberalisation of trade in services. Journal of Economic Integration 10: 1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,House of Commons 1968. Select Committee on Nationalised Industries. Ministerial Control of the Nationalised Industries.
,House of Commons 1980. Treasury and Civil Service Committee. Memoranda on Monetary Policy.
,House of Lords 1984–5. Select Committee. On Overseas Trade. Report, Oral Evidence, Written Evidence I, II and III.
Howson, S. 1975. Domestic Monetary Management in Britain 1919–38. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Howson, S. 1980. Sterling’s Managed Float: the Operations of the Exchange Equalisation Account, 1932–39.Google Scholar
Howson, S. and Winch, D. 1977. The Economic Advisory Council 1930–1939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howson, Susan, 1987. The origins of cheaper money, 1945–7. Economic History Review 40: 433–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howson, Susan, 1988. ‘Socialist’ monetary policy: monetary thought in the Labour Party in the 1940s. History of Political Economy 20: 543–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howson, Susan, 1989. Cheap money versus cheaper money: a reply to Professor Wood. Economic History Review 42: 401–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howson, Susan, 1991. The problem of monetary control in Britain, 1948–51. Journal of European Economic History 20: 59–92.Google Scholar
Howson, Susan, 1993. British Monetary Policy 1945–51. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hudson, R. and Sadler, D. 1989. The International Steel Industry: Restructuring, State Policies and Localities.Google Scholar
Hughes, G. and McCormick, B. 1994. Did migration in the 1980s narrow the north–south divide?Economica 61: 509–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, K. 1986. Exports and Technology. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hutton, G. 1953. We Too Can Prosper.Google Scholar
Hutton, W. 1995. The State We’re In.Google Scholar
Hyman, R. and Ferner, A. 1994. New Frontiers in European Industrial Relations. Oxford.Google Scholar
Ince, G. 1946. The mobilization of manpower in Great Britain for the Second World War. Manchester School 14: 17–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,International Financial Services 2002. UK Financial Sector Exports, 2002; available at www.ifs.org.uk.
,International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments Yearbook. Various years. Washington.
,International Monetary Fund. 2000. International Financial Statistics. CD-Rom database. Washington.
,Iron and Steel Statistics Bureau Various years. Iron and Steel Industry Annual Statistics for the United Kingdom.
James, H. 1996. International Monetary Co-operation since Bretton Woods. Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Jenkins, P. 1970. The Battle of Downing Street.Google Scholar
Johnson, C. 1982. MITI and the Japanese Miracle: the Growth of Industrial Policy 1925–1975. Stanford, CA.Google Scholar
Johnson, H. G., 1952. The new monetary policy and the problem of credit control. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 14: 117–31.Google Scholar
Johnson, H. G., 1958. Towards a general theory of the balance of payments. In Johnson, H. G., International Trade and Economic Growth.Google Scholar
Johnson, H. G., ed., 1972. Readings in British Monetary Economics. Oxford.Google Scholar
Johnson, P. 1986. Some historical dimensions of the welfare state ‘crisis’. Journal of Social Policy 15: 443–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, P., ed. 1993. European Industries: Structure, Conduct and Performance. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Johnson, P. and Webb, S. 1993. Explaining the growth in UK income inequality. Economic Journal 103: 429–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, R. and Gummett, P., eds. 1979. Directing Technology: Policies for Promotion and Control.Google Scholar
Jones, LangWootton 1994. Decentralisation of Offices from Central London.Google Scholar
Jones, C. I. 1995. Time-series tests of endogenous growth models. Quarterly Journal of Economics 110: 495–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, G. and Morgan, N. J., eds. 1994. Adding Value: Brands and Marketing in Food and Drink.Google Scholar
Jones, R. and Marriott, O. 1970. Anatomy of a Merger: a History of GEC, AEI and English Electric.Google Scholar
Journal of Economic Perspectives, Symposium on Real Business Cycles, summer 1989.
Juergens, U., Malsch, T. and Dohse, K. 1993. Breaking from Taylorism: Changing Forms of Work in the Automobile Industry. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Kahn-Freund, O. 1954. Legal framework. In Flanders, and Clegg, 1954.
Kaldor, M. 1982. The Baroque Arsenal.Google Scholar
Kaldor, N. 1970. The new monetarism. Lloyds Bank Review 97: 1–18.Google Scholar
Kaldor, N. 1971. The conflict in national policy objectives. Economic Journal 81: 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaldor, N. 1972. The irrelevance of equilibrium economics. Economic Journal 82: 1237–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaletsky, A. and Jonquieres, G. 1987. Why a service economy is no panacea. Financial Times 22 May.Google Scholar
Kamien, M. I. and Schwartz, N. L. 1982. Market Structure and Innovation. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Kay, J. 2001. Meeting of closed minds. Financial Times, 28 November.Google Scholar
Kay, J. 2001. forthcoming. Privatisation in the United Kingdom 1979–1999.Google Scholar
Kealey, T. 1995. The Economic Laws of Scientific Research. Basingstoke.Google Scholar
Kealey, T. 1998. Why science is endogenous: a debate with Paul David [etc.]. Research Policy 26: 897–924.Google Scholar
Keeble, D. 1976. Industrial Location and Planning in the United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Kendrick, J. W. 1987. Service sector productivity. Business Economics 22: 18–24.Google Scholar
Kennedy, C. 1986. ICI: the Company that Changed Our Lives.Google Scholar
Kennedy, C. M. 1952. Monetary policy. In Worswick, and Ady, 1952.Google Scholar
Keynes, J. M. 1927. J. M. Keynes on banking service. Journal of the Institute of Bankers 48: 494–7.Google Scholar
Keynes, J. M. 1940. How to Pay for the War: a Radical Plan for the Chancellor of the Exchequer.Google Scholar
Kirby, M. W. 1981. The Decline of British Economic Power Since 1870.Google Scholar
Kitson, M. 1995. Seedcorn or chaff? Unemployment and small firm performance. Working Paper 2, ESRC Centre for Business Research.Google Scholar
Kitson, M. 1997. The competitive weaknesses of the UK economy. In Arestis, et al. 1997.Google Scholar
Kitson, M., Martin, R. and Wilkinson, F. 2000. Labour markets, social justice and economic efficiency. Cambridge Journal of Economics November 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitson, M. and Michie, J. 1996. Britain’s industrial performance since 1960: underinvestment and relative decline. Economic Journal 106: 196–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitson, M. 2000. The Political Economy of Competitiveness.Google Scholar
Klug, A. and Smith, G. W. 1999. Suez and sterling, 1956. Explorations in Economic History 36: 181–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knack, S. and Keefer, P. 1997. Does social capital have an economic payoff? A cross-country investigation. Quarterly Journal of Economics November.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kochan, T., Katz, H. and McKersie, R. B. 1986. The Transformation of American Industrial Relations. New York.Google Scholar
Kohan, C. M. 1952. Works and Buildings.Google Scholar
Krueger, A. 1993. How computers have changed the wage structure: evidence from micro-data, 1984–1989. Quarterly Journal of Economics 108: 33–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krugman, P. 1989. Exchange-rate instability. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Kuznets, S. 1945. National Product in Wartime. New York.Google Scholar
Kydland, Finn E. and Prescott, Edward C. 1977. Rules rather than discretion: the inconsistency of optimal plans. Journal of Political Economy 85: 473–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Labour Party 1976. Labour Party Annual Conference Report.
Laidler, D. 1971. The influence of money on economic activity – a survey of some current problems. In Clayton, et al. 1971.Google Scholar
Laidler, D. 1976. Inflation in Britain: a monetarist perspective. American Economic Review 66: 485–500.Google Scholar
Laidler, D. 1985. Monetary policy in Britain: success and shortcomings. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 1: 35–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laidler, D. and Parkin, J. M. 1970. The demand for money in the United Kingdom 1956–1967: preliminary estimates. Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies 38: 187–208. Reprinted in Johnson 1972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landau, R., Taylor, T. and Wright, G., eds. 1996. The Mosaic of Modern Growth. Stanford, CA.Google Scholar
Landefield, J. S. 1987. International trade in services: its composition, importance and links to merchandise trade. Business Economics 22: 25–31.Google Scholar
Landes, D. S. 1972. The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Larédo, P. and Mustar, P., eds. 2001. Research and Innovation Policies in the New Global Economy: an International Comparative Analysis. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Law, D. and Howes, R. 1972. Mid-Wales: an Assessment of the Impact of the Development Commission Factory Programme.Google Scholar
Lawson, N. 1992. The View from No. 11. Memoirs of a Tory Radical.Google Scholar
Layard, R., Nickell, S. and Jackman, R. 1991. Unemployment: Macroeconomic Performance and the Labour Market. Oxford.Google Scholar
Layard, R. and Nickell, S. J. 1986. Unemployment in Britain. Economica 53: 121–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazonick, W. 1986. The cotton industry. In Elbaum, and Lazonick, 1986.Google Scholar
Leadbeater, C. 1990. The road to privatisation: political debate too simplistic. Financial Times 8 August: 8.Google Scholar
Lee, C. H. 1995. Scotland and the United Kingdom. The Economy and the Union in the Twentieth Century. Manchester.Google Scholar
Leibenstein, H. 1966. Allocative efficiency vs ‘X’ efficiency. American Economic Review 56: 392–415.Google Scholar
Leibenstein, H. 1976. Beyond Economic Man. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Levine, A. L. 1967. Industrial Retardation in Britain, 1880–1914. New York.Google Scholar
Levitt, M. S. and Joyce, M. A. S. 1986. Government output in the national accounts. National Institute Economic Review 115: 48–51.Google Scholar
Lewchuk, W. 1987. American Technology and the British Vehicle Industry. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. 1992. Women in Britain since 1945. Oxford.Google Scholar
Liepmann, K. 1960. Apprenticeship: an Enquiry into its Adequacy in Modern Conditions.Google Scholar
Llewellyn, D. 1987. When some are more equal than others …Banking World 5: 32–5.Google Scholar
Llewellyn, D. and Wrigglesworth, J. 1990. Labouring under the Law. Mortgage Finance 122: 28–36.Google Scholar
,Lloyds Bank various years. Lloyds Bank Review.
Long, B. 1988. Productivity growth, convergence and welfare. American Economic Review, 78: 1138–54.Google Scholar
Lowe, R. 1993. The Welfare State in Britain since 1945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, R. E. 1988. On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics 22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lund, M. and Wright, J. 1999. The financing of small firms in the United Kingdom. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 39: 195–201.Google Scholar
Lythe, C. and Majmudar, M. 1982. The Renaissance of the Scottish Economy?Google Scholar
MacDougall, Donald, 1987. Don and Mandarin: Memoirs of an Economist.Google Scholar
Machin, S. 1997. The decline of labour market institutions and the rise in wage inequality in Britain. European Economic Review 41: 647–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Machin, S. 1999. Wage inequality in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. In Gregg, and Wadsworth, 1999.Google Scholar
Machin, S. 2001. Does it still pay to be in or to join a union? Working Paper, CEP.Google Scholar
Machin, S. and Stewart, M. 1990. Unions and the financial performance of British private sector establishments. Journal of Applied Econometrics 5: 327–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Machin, S. 1996. Trade unions and financial performance. Oxford Economic Papers 48: 213–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Machin, S. and Reenen, J. 1998. Technology and changes in skill structure: evidence from an international panel of industries. Quarterly Journal of Economics 113: 1215–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maclennan, D. and Parr, J. B. 1979. Regional Policy. Past Experiences and New Directions. Oxford.Google Scholar
Macleod, I. and Powell, E. 1952. The Social Services: Needs and Means.Google Scholar
Macmillan, H. 1971. Riding the Storm, 1956–59.Google Scholar
Maddison, A. 1995. Monitoring the World Economy, 1820–1992. Paris.Google Scholar
Maddison, A. 2001. The World Economy: a Millennial Perspective. Paris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malerba, F. and Orsenigo, L. 1997. Technological regimes and sectoral patterns of innovative activities. Industrial & Corporate Change 6: 83–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malerba, F. 2000. Knowledge, innovative activities and industrial evolution. Industrial & Corporate Change 9: 289–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mankiw, N. G. 1995. The growth of nations. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1: 275–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansell, K. 1996. New data and the measurement of output for the services sector in the UK. Review of Income and Wealth 42: 225–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manser, W. 1971. Britain in Balance: the Myth of Failure.Google Scholar
Marquand, J. 1983. The changing distribution of service employment. In Goddard, and Champion, 1983.Google Scholar
Marris, R. 1985. The paradox of services. Political Quarterly 56: 242–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mars, J. 1952. British social income estimates, 1938–1950. Manchester School 20: 25–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsden, D. and Thompson, M. 1990. Flexibility agreements and their significance in the increase in productivity in British manufacturing since 1980. Work, Employment and Society 4: 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, A. 1920. Principles of Economics, 8th edn.Google Scholar
Marshall, J. N. 1988. Services and Uneven Development. Oxford.Google Scholar
Martin, J. F. 2000. The Development of Modern Agriculture: British Farming since 1931. Berkeley, CA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, R. 1988. The political economy of Britain’s north–south divide. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers n.s. 13: 389–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, R. 2002. The limits of a cluster based regional policy. Paper presented to the Cambridge–MIT Conference on The Future of Regional Policy, Cambridge, May 2002.Google Scholar
Martinelli, A., ed. 1991. International Markets and Global Firms: a Comparative Study of Organized Business in the Chemical Industry.Google Scholar
Marwick, A. 1974. War and Social Change in the Twentieth Century.Google Scholar
Mason, G. 1995. The New Graduate Supply-Shock: Recruitment and Utilisation of Graduates in British Industry. National Institute of Economic and Social Research, Report Series 9.Google Scholar
Mason, G. and Finegold, D. 1995. Productivity, machinery and skills in the United States and Western Europe: precision engineering. Discussion Paper 89, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.Google Scholar
Mason, G. 1997. Productivity, machinery and skills in the United States and Western Europe. National Institute Economic Review 162: 85–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Massey, D. 1984. Spatial Divisions of Labour. Social Structures and the Geography of Production. Basingstoke.Google Scholar
Matthews, D., Anderson, M. and Edwards, J. R. 1997. The rise of the professional accountant in British management. Economic History Review 50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, R. C. O., Feinstein, C. H. and Odling-Smee, J. C. 1982. British Economic Growth, 1856–1973. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maunder, P. 1988. Food processing. In Johnson, 1988.Google Scholar
May, R. 1997. The scientific wealth of nations. Science 275: 793–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, C. 1986. Financial innovation: curse or blessing?Oxford Review of Economic Policy 2: i–xix.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCloskey, D. 1991. If You’re So Smart. Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
McGoldrick, P. J. and Greenland, S. J. 1994. Retailing of Financial Services.Google Scholar
,McKinsey Global Institute 1992. Service Sector Productivity. Washington, DC.
Meade, J. E. and Stone, R. 1941. The construction of tables of national income, expenditure, savings and investment. Economic Journal 51: 216–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menezes-Filho, N. A. 1997. Unions and profitability over the 1980s: some evidence on union–firm bargaining in the UK. Economic Journal 107: 651–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrett, A. J., Howe, M. and Newbould, G. D. 1967. Equity Issues and the London Capital Market.Google Scholar
Metcalf, D. 1993. Industrial relations and economic performance. British Journal of Industrial Relations 31: 255–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metcalf, D. 1994. Transformation of British industrial relations? Institutions, conduct and outcomes, 1980–1990. In Barrell, 1994.Google Scholar
Metcalf, D., Hansen, K. and Charlwood, A. 2001. Unions and the sword of justice: unions and pay systems, pay inequality, pay discrimination and low pay. National Institute Economic Review 176: 61–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michie, J., ed. 1992. The Economic Legacy 1979–1992.Google Scholar
Michie, J. and Grieve Smith, J., eds. 1997. Employment and Economic Performance. Oxford.Google Scholar
Middleton, R. 1996. Government versus the Market. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Middleton, R. 2000. The British Economy since 1945.Google Scholar
Middleton, R. 2001. Struggling with the Impossible: Sterling, the Balance of Payments and British Economic Policy, 1949–72.Google Scholar
,Midland Bank various years. Midland Bank Review.
Milanovic, B. 1989. Liberalization and Entrepreneurship. New York.Google Scholar
Miles, D. 1992. Housing and the wider economy in the short and long run. National Institute Economic Review 139: 64–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, D. 1993. Testing for short-termism in the UK stock market. Economic Journal 103: 1379–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, G. and Rockoff, H. 1987. Compliance with price controls in the United States and the United Kingdom during World War II. Journal of Economic History 47: 197–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millward, N., Bryson, A. and Forth, J. 2000. All Change at Work?CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millward, N., Stevens, M., Smart, D. and Hawes, W. R. 1992. Workplace Industrial Relations in Transition. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Millward, R. 1990. Productivity in the service sector: historical trends 1856–1985 and comparisons with USA 1950–85. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 52: 423–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millward, R. 1994. Industrial and commercial performance since 1950. In Floud, and McCloskey, 1994.Google Scholar
Millward, R. 1999. Industrial performance, the infrastructure and government policy: an international comparison of British performance and policy 1800–1987. In Dormois, and Dintenfass, 1999.Google Scholar
Millward, R. and Singleton, J., eds. 1995. The Political Economy of Nationalisation in Britain, 1920–1950. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millward, R. and Ward, R. 1987. The costs of public and private gas enterprise in late nineteenth-century Britain. Oxford Economic Papers 39: 719–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milner, S., 1995. The coverage of collective pay setting institutions in Britain 1895–1990. British Journal of Industrial Relations 33: 69–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milward, A. and Brennan, G. 1996. Britain’s Place in the World: a Historical Inquiry into Import Controls 1945–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milward, A. S. 1977. War, Economy, and Society, 1939–1945.Google Scholar
Milward, A. S. 1984. The Economic Effects of the Two World Wars on Britain, 2nd edn. Basingstoke.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minford, P. 1991. The Supply Side Revolution in Britain.Google Scholar
Ministry of Labour and National Service 1947. Ministry of Labour and National Service Report for the Years 1939–45. Cmd 7255.
Mitchell, B. R. 1988. British Historical Statistics. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Molyneux, R. and Thompson, D. 1987. Nationalised industry performance: still third rate?Fiscal Studies 8: 48–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mommsen, W. J., ed. 1981. The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany, 1850–1950.Google Scholar
Moore, B. and Rhodes, J. 1973. Evaluating the effects of British regional policy. Economic Journal 83: 87–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, B., Rhodes, J. and Tyler, P. 1986. The Effects of Government Regional Economic Policy.Google Scholar
More, C. 1980. Skill and the English Working Class, 1870–1914.Google Scholar
Morgan, K. and Sayer, A. 1988. Microcircuits of Capital: Sunrise Industry and Uneven Development. Oxford.Google Scholar
Morison, I. and Shepherdson, I. 1991. Economics of the City.Google Scholar
Morris, D., ed. 1985. The Economic System in the UK. Oxford.Google Scholar
Morris, P. R. 1990. A History of the World Semiconductor Industry.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moss, M. S. and Hume, J. R. 1981. The Making of Scotch Whisky: a History of the Scotch Whisky Distilling Industry. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Mottershead, P. 1978. Industrial policy. In Blackaby, 1978.Google Scholar
Mowery, D. 1986. Industrial research in Britain, 1900–1950. In Elbaum, and Lazonick, 1986.Google Scholar
Mundell, R. A. 1962. The appropriate use of monetary and fiscal policy for internal and external stability. IMF Staff Papers 9: 70–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mundell, R. A. 1963. Capital mobility and stabilization policy under fixed and flexible exchange rates. Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science 29: 475–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nabseth, L. and Ray, G. F., eds. 1974. The Diffusion of Industrial Processes: an International Study. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Nash, E. F. 1951. Wartime controls of food and agricultural prices. In Chester, 1951.Google Scholar
National Statistical Office 2002. Labour Market Trends.
Neal, L. and Barbezat, D. 1998. The Economics of the European Union and the Economies of Europe. New York.Google Scholar
Nelson, R. R., ed. 1993. National Innovation Systems: a Comparative Analysis. New York.Google Scholar
Nichols, T. 1986. The British Worker Question.Google Scholar
Nicholson, R., Cunningham, C. M. and Gummett, P., eds. 1991. Science and Technology in the United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Nickell, S. 1996. Competition and corporate performance. Journal of Political Economy 104: 724–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nickell, S. 2002. The assessment: the economic record of the Labour Government since 1997. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 18: 107–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nickell, S., Wadhwani, S. and Wall, M. 1992. Productivity growth in UK companies 1975–86. European Economic Review 36: 1055–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nolan, P. 1989. Walking on water? Performance and industrial relations under Thatcher. Industrial Relations Journal 20: 81–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nolan, P. 1996. Industrial relations and performance since 1945. In Beardwell, 1996.Google Scholar
North, D. C. 1981. The second industrial revolution and its consequences. In North, Structure and Change in Economic History. New York.Google Scholar
Norton, W. E. 1969. Debt management and monetary policy in the United Kingdom. Economic Journal 79: 475–94. Reprinted in Johnson 1972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Day, A. and Gourvish, T., eds. 1992. Britain since 1945.Google Scholar
,OECD 1976. The Footwear Industry: Structure and Governmental Policies. Paris.
,OECD 1981. The Welfare State in Crisis. Paris.
,OECD 1985. Social Expenditure 1960–1990. Paris.
,OECD 2000. Revenue Statistics 1965–1999. Paris.
,OECD 2001. The Well-being of Nations: the Role of Human and Social Capital. Paris.
,OECD 2002 Economic Outlook, various years. Paris.
,OECD 2002. Economic Outlook, Statistics and Projections, no. 72. Paris.
Olson, M. 1982. The Rise and Fall of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation and Social Rigidities. New Haven, CT.Google Scholar
O’Mahony, M. 1992. Productivity levels in British and German manufacturing industry. National Institute Economic Review 139: 46–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Mahony, M. 1999. Britain’s Productivity Performance, 1950–1996: an International Perspective.Google Scholar
O’Mahony, M. 2002. The National Institute Sectorial Productivity Dataset, www.niesr.ac.uk/research.Google Scholar
O’Mahony, M. and Boer, W. 2002. Britain’s relative productivity performance: updates and extensions. National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London; available from www.niesr.ac.uk.Google Scholar
O’Mahony, M. and Wagner, K. 1994. Changing Fortunes: An Industry Study of British and German Productivity Growth Over Three Decades, Report Series No.7, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.Google Scholar
O’Mahony, M., Oulton, N. and Vass, J. 1998. Market services: productivity benchmarks for the UK. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 60: 529–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,ONS 1998. United Kingdom National Accounts: Concepts, Sources and Methods. E. A. Doggett.
,ONS 2001a. UK 2002, The Official Yearbook of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
,ONS 2001b Economic Trends, various years.
,ONS 2001b Financial Statistics, various years.
,ONS 2001b National Income Accounts, ‘Blue Books’, various years.
,ONS 2001b Social Trends, various years.
,ONS 2001b. Education Statistics for the UK.
Oulton, N. 1990. Labour productivity in UK manufacturing in the 1970s and in the 1980s. National Institute Economic Review 132: 71–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oulton, N. 1995. Supply side reform and the UK economic growth: what happened to the miracle?National Institute for Economic and Social Research Review 154: 53–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overy, R. J. 1980. The Air War 1939–1945.Google Scholar
Overy, R. J. 1988. Mobilization for total war in Germany 1939–1941. English Historical Review 103: 613–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, G. 1992. The British electronics industry from 1960 to the 1990s. Working Paper 324, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics.Google Scholar
Owen, G. 1999. From Empire to Europe: the Decline and Revival of British Industry Since the Second World War.Google Scholar
Page, R. M. and Silburn, R. 1999. British Social Welfare in the Twentieth Century.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pain, N., Riley, and Weale, M. 2001. The UK economy. National Institute Economic Review 178: 48–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paish, F. W. 1965. Business Finance.Google Scholar
Panic, M., ed. 1976. The UK and West German Manufacturing Industry, 1957–72.Google Scholar
Papp, I. 1975. Government and Enterprise: an Analysis of the Economics of Governmental Regulation or Control of Industry.Google Scholar
Parker, D. 1993. Privatisation ten years on. In Healey, 1993.Google Scholar
Parker, H. M. D. 1957. Manpower: a Study of Wartime Policy and Administration.Google Scholar
Parsons, D. W. 1986. The Political Economy of British Regional Policy.Google Scholar
Patel, P. and Pavitt, K. 1989. The technological activities of the UK: a fresh look. In Silberston, 1989.Google Scholar
Pathirane, L. and Blades, D. W. 1982. Defining and measuring the public sector: some international comparisons. Review of Income and Wealth 28th ser., 3: 261–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pavitt, K. 1981. Technology in British industry: a suitable case for improvement. In Carter, 1981.Google Scholar
Pavitt, K., ed. 1980. Technical Innovation and British Economic Performance.Google Scholar
Pavitt, K., Robson, M. and Townsend, J. 1987. The size distribution of innovating firms in the UK, 1945–1983. Journal of Industrial Economics 35: 297–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peacock, A. and Wiseman, J. 1961. The Growth of Public Expenditure in the UK. Princeton.Google Scholar
Peck, M. J. 1968. Science and technology. In Caves, et al. 1968.Google Scholar
Peden, G. 2000. The Treasury and British Public Policy 1906–1959. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peden, G. C. 1985. British Economic and Social Policy. Oxford.Google Scholar
Pelling, H. 1984. The Labour Governments, 1945–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pember, and Boyle, , 1950. British Government Securities in the Twentieth Century.Google Scholar
,Performance and Innovation Unit 2002. Social capital. A discussion paper, Performance and Innovation Unit, The Cabinet Office, London, April.
Petit, P. and Soete, L., eds. 2001. Technology and the Future of Europe. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, A. M. 1985. The Awakening Giant: Continuity and Change in Imperial Chemical Industries. Oxford.Google Scholar
Phelps Brown, E. H. 1962. Wage drift. Economica.Google Scholar
Piachaud, D. 1987. The growth of poverty. In Walker, and Walker, 1987.Google Scholar
Pierson, C. 1991. Beyond the Welfare State?Cambridge.Google Scholar
Piore, M. J. and Sabel, C. F. 1984. The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity. New York.Google Scholar
Pliatzky, L. 1984. Getting and Spending. Public Expenditure, Employment and Inflation, revised edn. Oxford.Google Scholar
Plowden, Edwin. 1989. An Industrialist in the Treasury: the Post-war Years.Google Scholar
,Political and Economic Planning 1950. Motor Vehicles: a Report on the Organisation and Structure of the Industry, its Products, and its Market Prospects at Home and Abroad.
Pollard, S. 1983. The Development of the British Economy, 3rd edn.Google Scholar
Pollard, S. 1984. The Wasting of the British Economy.Google Scholar
Porter, M. E. 1998. Clusters and Competition: New Agendas for Companies, Governments, and Institutions, Boston, MA.Google Scholar
Posner, M. 1987. Nationalisation. In Eatwell, , Milgate, and Newman, 1987.Google Scholar
Postan, M. M. 1952. British War Production.Google Scholar
Prais, S. J. 1981. Productivity and Industrial Structure: a Statistical Study of Manufacturing Industry in Britain, Germany and the United States. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Prais, S. J. 1988. Qualified manpower in engineering: Britain and other industrially advanced countries. National Institute Economic Review 127: 76–83.Google Scholar
Prais, S. J. 1995. Productivity, Education and Training: an International Perspective. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Prais, S. J., Jarvis, V. and Wagner, K. 1989. Productivity and vocational skills in Britain and Germany: hotels. National Institute Economic Review 130: 52–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prais, S. J. and Wagner, K. 1988. Productivity and management: the training of foremen in Britain and Germany. National Institute Economic Review 123: 34–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pressnell, L. 1986. External Economic Policy since the War, I, The Post-War Financial Settlement.Google Scholar
Prest, A. and Coppock, D., eds. 1986. The UK Economy: a Manual of Applied Economics, 11th edn.Google Scholar
Price, J. 1996. Producer prices for services: development of a new price index. Economic Trends 513: 14–18.Google Scholar
Price, L. D. D. 1972. The demand for money in the United Kingdom: a further investigation. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 12: 43–56.Google Scholar
Propper, C. 2001. Expenditure on healthcare in the UK: a review of the issues. Fiscal Studies 22: 151–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pryke, R. 1971. Public Enterprise in Practice: the British Experience of Nationalisation over Two Decades.Google Scholar
Pryke, R. 1981. The Nationalised Industries: Policies and Performance since 1968. Oxford.Google Scholar
Pryke, R. 1982. The comparative performance of public and private enterprise. Fiscal Studies 3: 68–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pryor, F. L. 2002. The Future of US Capitalism. New York.Google Scholar
Puttnam, R. 2000. Bowling Alone: the Collapse and Revival of American Community.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Radcliffe Committee on the Working of the Monetary System, 1959. Report.
,Radcliffe Committee on the Working of the Monetary System, 1960. Principal Memoranda of Evidence.
Rahman, M., Palmer, G. and Kenway, P. 2001. Monitoring Poverty and Social Exclusion 2001. York.Google Scholar
Ranki, G. 1988. Economy and the Second World War: a few comparative issues. Journal of European Economic History 17: 303–47.Google Scholar
Ray, G. F. 1986. Productivity in services. National Institute of Economic and Social Research Review: 44–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ray, G. R. 1984. The Diffusion of Mature Technologies. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Reddaway, W. B. 1951. Rationing. In Chester, 1951.Google Scholar
,Regional Studies Association 2001. Labour’s New Regional Policy: an Assessment.
Reid, Margaret. 1982. The Secondary Banking Crisis, 1973–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Report of the Committee on Economic and Financial Problems of Provision for Old-age 1954.
Report of the Committee to Review the Functioning of Financial Institutions (Wilson Report) 1980. Cmnd 7937.
Revell, J. 1973. The British Financial System.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhys, D. G. 1972. The Motor Industry: an Economic Survey.Google Scholar
Richardson, J. H. 1938. Industrial Relations in Great Britain. Geneva.Google Scholar
Riley, R. and Young, G. 2001. The macroeconomic impact of the New Deal for Young People. Discussion paper 184, August National Institute of Economic and Social Research.Google Scholar
Robinson, E. A. G. 1951. The overall allocation of resources. In Chester, 1951.Google Scholar
Robinson, O. and Wallace, J. 1984. Growth and utilisation of part-time labour in GB. Employment Gazette September: 391–7.Google Scholar
Robson, M., Townsend, J. and Pavitt, K. 1988. Sectoral patterns of production and use of innovations in the UK: 1945–1983. Research Policy 17: 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rockoff, H. 1998. The United States: from ploughshares to swords. In Harrison, 1998.Google Scholar
Roeber, J. 1975. Social Change at Work: the ICI Weekly Staff Agreement.Google Scholar
Rollings, N. 1992. Poor Mr Butskell: a short life, wrecked by schizophrenia. 20th Century British History 5: 183–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romer, P. 1986. Increasing returns and long-run growth. Journal of Political Economy 94: 1002–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romer, P. 1994. The origins of endogenous growth. Journal of Economic Perspectives 8: 3–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, H. 1986. Change in financial intermediation in the UK. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 2: 18–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosevear, S. 1998. Balancing business and the regions: British distribution of industry policy and the Board of Trade, 1945–51. Business History 40, 1: 77–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, A. M. and Hartman, P. T. 1960. Changing Patterns of Industrial Conflict. New York.Google Scholar
Rostas, L. 1948. Comparative Productivity in British and American Industry. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rothschild, V., chair. 1971. A Framework for Government Research and Development.Google Scholar
Routh, G. 1965. Occupation and Pay in Great Britain, 1906–1960. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Routh, G. 1980. Occupation and Pay in Great Britain 1906–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowley, C. K. 1971. Steel and Public Policy.Google Scholar
Rowntree, B. S. and Lavers, G. R. 1951. Poverty and the Welfare State.Google Scholar
Rowthorn, R. 1999. The political economy of full employment in modern Britain. The Kaleski Memorial Lecture at the Department of Economics, University of Oxford, 19 October 1999.Google Scholar
Rowthorn, R. 2001. UK competitiveness, productivity and the knowledge economy. Paper presented at the National Competitiveness Summit, 1 November 2001, Cambridge-MIT Institute, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rubinstein, W. D. 1993. Capitalism, Culture and Decline in Britain, 1750–1990.Google Scholar
Rupp, L. J. 1978. Mobilizing Women for War. Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Ryan, P. 1996. Factor shares and inequality in the UK. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 12: 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rybczynski, T. M. 1988. Financial systems and industrial re-structuring. National Westminster Bank Quarterly Review: 3–13.Google Scholar
Salant, W. S. 1980. The collected writings of John Maynard Keynes: activities 1940–43 and 1944–46 - a review article. Journal of Economic Literature 18: 1056–62.Google Scholar
Salter, A. J. and Martin, B. R. 2001. The economic benefits of publicly funded basic research: a critical review. Research Policy 30: 509–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salter, W. E. G. 1960. Productivity and Technical Change. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Salverda, W., Nolan, B. and Lucifora, C., eds. 2000. Policy Measures for Low-Wage Employment in Europe. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Sanderson, M. 1972. The Universities and British Industry, 1850–1970.Google Scholar
Sanderson, M. 1988. Education and economic decline, 1890–1980s. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 41: 38–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandy, R. and Elliott, R. F. 1996. Unions and risk. Economica 63: 291–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sapir, A. 1991. The structure of services in Europe: a conceptual framework. Discussion Paper 498, Centre for Economic Policy Research.Google Scholar
Sargent, J. 1979. UK performance in services. In Blackaby, 1979.Google Scholar
Sargent, J. 1991. Deregulation, debt and downturn in the UK economy. National Institute Economic Review 137: 75–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saul, S. B. 1979. Research and development in British industry from the end of the nineteenth century to the 1960s. In Smout, 1979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, C. T. 1946. Manpower distribution, 1939–45. Manchester School 14: 1–39.Google Scholar
Sayers, R. S. 1956. Financial Policy, 1939–1945.Google Scholar
Sayers, R. S. 1983. 1941 - the first Keynesian Budget. In Feinstein, 1983.Google Scholar
Schenk, C. 1994. Britain and the Sterling Area: from Devaluation to Convertibility in the 1950s.Google Scholar
Schenk, W. 1974. Continuous casting of steel. In Nabseth, and Ray, 1974.Google Scholar
Scherer, F. M. 1980. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance, 2nd edn. Boston, MA.Google Scholar
Schmookler, J. 1966. Innovation and Economic Growth. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Schumpeter, J. A. 1934. The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Scott, M. F. 1989. A New View of Economic Growth. Oxford.Google Scholar
Scott, P. 1996a. The worst of both worlds: British regional policy, 1951–64. Business History 38, 4: 41–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, P. 1996b. The Property Masters: a History of the British Commercial Property Sector.Google Scholar
Scott, P. 1997. British regional policy 1945–51: a lost opportunity. Twentieth Century British History 8, 3: 358–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, P. 2000. The audit of British regional policy: 1934–9. Regional Studies 34, 1: 55–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seldon, A. 1957. Pensions in a Free Society.Google Scholar
Setterfield, M. 1992. A long run theory of effective demand: modelling macroeconomic systems with hysteresis. PhD thesis, Dalhouise University, Canada.
Shanks, M. 1961. The Stagnant Society.Google Scholar
Sharp, M. 1985. Europe and the New Technologies: Six Case Studies in Innovation and Adjustment.Google Scholar
Sharp, M. 2000. The UK experiment: science, technology and industrial policy, 1975–1997. Paper presented at the Triple Helix conference, Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
Shaw, C. 1983. The large manufacturing employers of 1907. Business History 25: 42–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, G. K. 1992. Policy implications of endogenous growth theory. Economic Journal 102, May: 611–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheldrake, J. and Vickerstaff, S. 1987. The History of Industrial Training in Britain. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Sheppard, D. K. 1971. The Growth and Role of UK Financial Institutions 1880–1962.Google Scholar
Shonfield, A. 1958. British Economic Policy since the War.Google Scholar
Shonfield, A. 1965. Modern Capitalism: the Changing Balance of Public and Private Power. Oxford.Google Scholar
Short, J. 1981. Public Expenditure and Taxation in the UK Regions.Google Scholar
Silberston, A., ed. 1989. Technology and Economic Progress. Basingstoke.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, A. 1975. Takeovers, natural selection and the theory of the firm: evidence from the postwar experience. Economic Journal 85: 497–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, A. 1977. UK industry and the world economy: a case of deindustrialisation. Cambridge Journal of Economics 1: 113–36.Google Scholar
Singleton, J. 1986. Lancashire’s Last Stand: Declining Employment in the British Cotton Industry, 1950–70. Economic History Review 39: 92–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singleton, J. 1991. Lancashire on the Scrapheap: the Cotton Industry, 1945–1970. Oxford.Google Scholar
Skidelsky, R. 2000. John Maynard Keynes, III, Fighting for Britain, 1937–1946.Google Scholar
Skott, P. and Auerbach, P. 1995. Cumulative causation and the ‘new’ theories of economic growth. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 17, 3: 381–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Small Firms: Report of Committee of Inquiry on Small Firms (Bolton Report) 1971. Cmnd 4811.
Smith, A. D., Hitchens, D. M. W. N. and Davies, S. W. 1982. International Industrial Productivity: a Comparison of Britain, America and Germany. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Smith, H. L. 1984. The womanpower problem in Britain during the Second World War. Historical Journal 27: 925–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, H. L., ed. 1986. War and Social Change. Manchester.Google Scholar
Smith, Warren L. and Mikesell, Raymond F. 1957. The effectiveness of monetary policy: recent British experience. Journal of Political Economy 65: 18–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smout, T. C., ed. 1979. The Search for Wealth and Stability.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, various years. The Motor Industry of Great Britain.
Solow, R. 2001. Information technology and the recent productivity boom in the US. Paper presented to the Cambridge-MIT Institute Summit, Cambridge, MA., November 2001.Google Scholar
Spencer, Peter D. 1981. A model of the demand for British government stocks by non-bank residents 1967–77. Economic Journal 91: 938–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, Peter D. 1986. Financial Innovation, Efficiency and Disequilibrium: Problems of Monetary Management in the United Kingdom 1971–1981. Oxford.Google Scholar
,SPRU 1996. The Relationship between Publicly Funded Basic Research and Economic Performance: a SPRU Review. Brighton.
Steedman, H., Mason, G. and Wagner, K. 1991. Intermediate skills in the workplace: deployment, standards and supply in Britain, France and Germany. National Institute Economic Review 136: 60–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steedman, H. and Wagner, K. 1987. A second look at productivity, machinery and skills in Britain and Germany. National Institute Economic Review 122: 84–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steedman, H. and Wagner, K. 1989. Productivity, machinery and skills: clothing manufacture in Britain and Germany. National Institute Economic Review 128: 40–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steiner, V. and Mohr, R. 2000. Industrial change, stability of relative earnings, and substitution of unskilled labour in West Germany. In Salverda, et al. 2000.Google Scholar
Stelser, I. 1988. Britain’s newest import: America’s regulatory experience. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 4: 68–79.Google Scholar
Stewart, M. 1987. Collective bargaining arrangements, closed shops and relative pay. Economic Journal 97: 140–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, M. 1990. Union wage differentials, product market influences and the division of rents. Economic Journal 100: 1122–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, M. 1991. Union wage differentials in the face of changes in the economic and legal environment. Economica 58: 155–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, M. 1995. Union wage differentials in an era of declining unionisation. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 57: 143–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stiroh, K. J. 2001. Information technology and the US productivity revival: what do the industry data say? Working Paper 15, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.Google Scholar
Stone, I. and Peck, F. 1996. The foreign-owned manufacturing sector in UK peripheral regions, 1978–1993: restructuring and comparative performance. Regional Studies 30, 1: 55–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, R. 1951. The use and development of national income and expenditure estimates. In Chester, 1951.Google Scholar
Stoneman, P. 1976. Technological Diffusion and the Computer Revolution: the UK Experience. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Stoneman, P., ed. 1995. Handbook of the Economics of Innovation and Technological Change. Oxford.Google Scholar
Storey, D. 1994. Understanding the Small Business Sector.Google Scholar
Stuyvenberg, J. H., ed. 1969. Margarine: an Economic, Social and Scientific History 1869–1969. Liverpool.Google Scholar
Sullivan, M. 1999. Democratic socialism and social policy. In Page, and Silburn, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Summerfield, P. 1984. Women Workers in the Second World War: Production and Patriarchy in Conflict.Google Scholar
Summerfield, P. 1998. Reconstructing Women’s Wartime Lives: Discourse and Subjectivity in Oral Histories. Manchester.Google Scholar
Summers, R. 1985. Services in the international economy. In Inman, 1985.Google Scholar
Supple, B. 1987. The History of the British Coal Industry, IV, 1913–1946: The Political Economy of Decline. Oxford.Google Scholar
Supple, B. 1994a. British economic decline since 1945. In Floud, and McCloskey, 1994.Google Scholar
Supple, B. 1994b. Fear of failing: economic history and the decline of Britain. Economic History Review 47: 441–58.Google Scholar
Supple, B. 1997. Introduction: national performance in personal perspective. In Clarke, and Trebilcock, 1997.Google Scholar
Sutton, J. 1991. Sunk Costs and Market Structure: Price Competition, Advertising, and the Evolution of Concentration. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Tanzi, V. and Schuknecht, L. 2000. Public Spending in the 20th Century. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarling, R. W and Wilkinson, F. 1997. Economic functioning, self sufficiency, and full employments. In Michie, and Grieve Smith, 1997.Google Scholar
Taylor, B. and Morison, I., eds. 1999. Driving Strategic Change in Financial Services. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. T. and Silberston, Z. A. 1973. The Economic Impact of the Patent System: a Study of the British Experience. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Taylor, J. and Wren, C. 1997. UK regional policy: an evaluation. Regional Studies 31 9: 835–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, R. 2000. The TUC: from the General Strike to New Unionism. Basingstoke.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teeling Smith, G. 1992. The British pharmaceutical industry: 1961–1991. In Teeling, Smith, 1992.Google Scholar
Teeling Smith, G., ed. 1992. Innovative Competition in Medicine: a Schumpeterian Analysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry and the NHS.Google Scholar
Temple, J. 1999. The new growth evidence. Journal of Economic Literature 37: 112–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tether, B. S., Smith, I. J. and Thwaites, A. T. 1997. Smaller enterprises and innovation in the UK: the SPRU Innovations Database revisited. Research Policy 26: 19–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tew, J. H. B. 1978a. Monetary policy, part I. In Blackaby, 1978.Google Scholar
Tew, J. H. B. 1978b. Policies aimed at improving the balance of payments. In Blackaby, 1978.Google Scholar
Thatcher, M. 1993. The Downing Street Years.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. 1969. London’s New Towns: a Study of Self-contained and Balanced Communities. Political and Economic Planning (PEP) Broadsheet No. 510.Google Scholar
Thomas, W. A. 1978. The Finance of British Industry, 1918–1976.Google Scholar
Tiratsoo, N. and Tomlinson, J. 1994. Restrictive practices on the shopfloor in Britain, 1945–1960: myth and reality. Business History 36: 65–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tiratsoo, N. and Tomlinson, J. 1997. Exporting the ‘Gospel of productivity’: US technical assistance and British industry 1945–60. Business History 71: 41–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Titmuss, R. M. 1950. Problems of Social Policy.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, J. 1981. The ‘economics of politics’ and public expenditure. Economy and Society 10: 381–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomlinson, J. 1996. Inventing ‘decline’: the falling behind of the British economy in the post-war years. Economic History Review 49: 731–57.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, J. 1997. Democratic Socialism and Economic Policy; the Attlee Years. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, J. 2000. The Politics of Decline.Google Scholar
Townsend, P. 1979. Poverty in the United Kingdom.Google Scholar
,Treasury 2000. Productivity in the UK: the Evidence and the Government’s Approach.
Trevor, M. 1988. Toshiba’s New Company: Competitiveness through Innovation in Industry.Google Scholar
Tunzelmann, G. N. 2000. Technology generation, technology use and economic growth. European Review of Economic History 4: 121–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tunzelmann, G. N. and Efendioglu, U. D. 2001. Technology, growth and employment in postwar Europe: short-run dynamics and long-run patterns. In Petit, and Soete, 2001.Google Scholar
Turner, G. 1971. The Leyland Papers.Google Scholar
Turner, H. A. 1952. Trade unions, differentials and the levelling of wages. Manchester School: 227–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turok, I. and Webster, D. 1998. The new deal: jeopardised by the geography of unemployment?Local Economy 12, 4: 309–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twomey, B. 2001. Women in the labour market: results from the Spring Labour Force Survey. Employment Gazette. February: 93–106.Google Scholar
Twomey, J. and Taylor, J. 1985. Regional policy and the interregional movement of manufacturing industry in Great Britain. Scottish Journal of Political Economy 32, 3: 257–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,UK 1975. Royal Commission on the Distribution of Income and Wealth. Cmnd 6171.
,UK 1979. The Government’s Expenditure Plans, 1980–81.
,US Bureau of the Census 2001. Statistical Abstract of the United States. Washington, DC.
,US Department of Commerce 1965. Area Redevelopment Policies in Britain and the Countries of the Common Market. Washington, DC.
,US Department of Labor, various years. Analysis of Work Stoppages. Washington, DC.
Vaizey, J. 1974. The History of British Steel.Google Scholar
Vaizey, J. and Sheehan, J. 1968. Resources for Education: an Economic Study of Education in the United Kingdom, 1920–1965.Google Scholar
Vatter, H. G. 1985. The US Economy in World War II. New York.Google Scholar
Vickers, J. and Yarrow, G. 1988. Privatisation: an Economic Analysis. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Visser, J. 1989. European Trade Unions in Figures. Deventer.Google Scholar
Waddington, J. and Hoffman, R. 2001. Trade Unions in Europe. Brussels.Google Scholar
Wadhwani, S. 1990. The effects of unions on productivity, growth, investment and employment. British Journal of Industrial Relations 28: 371–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wakelin, K. 2001. Productivity growth and R&D expenditure in UK manufacturing firms. Research Policy 30: 1079–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, A. and Walker, C., eds. 1987. The Growing Divide: a Social Audit, 1979–1987.Google Scholar
Walker, W. B. 1980. Britain’s industrial performance 1850–1950: a failure to adjust. In Pavitt, 1980.Google Scholar
Walker, W. B. 1993. National innovation systems: Britain. In Nelson, 1993.Google Scholar
Waller, P. J. 1983. Town, City and Nation. Oxford.Google Scholar
Walters, A. A. 1969a. Money in Boom and Slump.Google Scholar
Walters, A. A. 1969b. The Radcliffe Report - ten years after: a survey of empirical evidence. In Croome, and Johnson, 1969.Google Scholar
Wee, H. 1986. Prosperity and upheaval: the world economy 1945–1980. Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Weir, R. B. 1994. Managing Decline: Brands and Marketing in Two Mergers, ‘The Big Amalgamation’ 1925 and Guinness-DCL 1986. In Jones, and Morgan, 1994.Google Scholar
Wettman, R. W. and Nicol, W. R. 1981. Deglomeration Policies in the European Community. Luxembourg.Google Scholar
Whisler, T. R. 1994. The outstanding potential market: the British motor industry and Europe, 1945–75. Journal of Transport History 15: 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whisler, T. R. 1995. At the End of the Road: the Rise and Fall of Austin-Healey, MG, and Triumph Sports Cars. Greenwich, CT.Google Scholar
White, G. M. 1981. The adoption and transfer of technology and the role of government. In Carter, 1981.Google Scholar
Whiteley, P. 1997. Economic Growth and Social Capital. Sheffield.Google Scholar
Whiteman, J. C. 1985. North Sea oil. In Morris, 1985.Google Scholar
Wicks, M. 1987. A Future for All: Do We Need a Welfare State? Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Wiener, M. 1981. English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit.Google Scholar
Wilensky, H. L. and Lebeaux, C. N. 1958. Industrial Society and Social Welfare. New York.Google Scholar
Wilks, S. R. M. 1984. Industrial Policy and the Motor Industry. Manchester.Google Scholar
Williams, B. 1967. Technology, Investment and Growth.Google Scholar
Williams, G. 1957. Recruitment to Skilled Trades.Google Scholar
Williams, G. 1963. Apprenticeship in Europe: the Lesson for Britain.Google Scholar
Williamson, O. 1985. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting. New York.Google Scholar
Wilson, C. 1968. Unilever, 1945–1965: Challenge and Response in the Post-War Industrial Revolution.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. 1980. Only Halfway to Paradise: Women in Postwar Britain, 1945–1968.Google Scholar
Wilson, K. F. 1983. British Financial Institutions: Savings and Monetary Policy.Google Scholar
Wilt, A. F. 2001. Food for War. Agriculture and Rearmament in Britain Before the Second World War. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Womack, J. P., Jones, D. T. and Roos, D. 1990. The Machine that Changed the World. New York.Google Scholar
Wood, A. J. B. 1994. North-South Trade, Employment, and Inequality. Oxford.Google Scholar
Worswick, G. D. N. and Ady, P. H., eds. 1952. The British Economy 1945–1950. Oxford.Google Scholar
Wray, M. 1957. The Women’s Outerwear Industry.Google Scholar
Wren, C. 1994. The build-up and duration of subsidy-induced employment: evidence from UK regional policy. Journal of Regional Science 34, 3: 387–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wren, C. and Waterson, M. 1991. The direct employment effects of financial assistance to industry. Oxford Economic Papers 43: 116–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrigley, C. 1996. A History of British Industrial Relations, 1939–1979. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Young, S. and Hood, N. 1977. Chrysler UK: a Corporation in Transition. New York.Google Scholar
Young, S., Hood, N. and Peters, E. 1994. Multinational enterprises and regional economic development. Regional Studies 28, 7: 657–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoxen, E. 1979. Regulating the exploitation of recombinant biogenetics. In Johnston, and Gummett, 1979.Google Scholar
Zeitlin, J. and Totterdill, P. 1989. Markets, technology and local intervention: the case of clothing. In Hirst, and Zeitlin, 1989.Google Scholar
Ziman, J. 1987. Science in a ‘Steady State’: the Research System in Transition.Google Scholar
Zweiniger-Bargielowska, I. 2000. Austerity in Britain. Rationing, Controls, and Consumption, 1939–1955. Oxford.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Edited by Roderick Floud, London Metropolitan University, Paul Johnson, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain
  • Online publication: 28 March 2008
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521820387.017
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Edited by Roderick Floud, London Metropolitan University, Paul Johnson, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain
  • Online publication: 28 March 2008
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521820387.017
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Edited by Roderick Floud, London Metropolitan University, Paul Johnson, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain
  • Online publication: 28 March 2008
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521820387.017
Available formats
×