Non-Russians in theSoviet Union and after

doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521811446.020

18 - Non-Russians in theSoviet Union and after

from Part II - Russia and the Soviet Union: Themes and Trends

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008

Jeremy Smith

Edited by

Ronald Grigor Suny

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Ronald Grigor Suny: Affiliation:
University of Chicago and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

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Summary

The end of the First World War was followed by a total reorganisation of thepolitical geography of Europe and parts of Asia, not so much as a direct result ofthe defeat of Germany and her allies, as through the break-up of the three greatland-based empires of the region – the Russian, Austro-Hungarian andOttoman. From the rubble of the latter two, new nation-states emerged. From theRussian Empire, some nations followed suit – Finland, Poland, Latvia,Estonia and Lithuania – but for the others the outcome was different.Although Lenin avowedly espoused a doctrine of national self-determination similarin many ways to US President Woodrow Wilson’s on which the new EastEuropean order was based, after a few years all the remaining territories of theRussian Empire had been incorporated into the world’s first socialiststate, renamed in 1923 as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or SovietUnion. Instead of encouraging outright independence, Lenin and his successorsimplemented nation-building policies within a territorially defined federalstructure. The constitutional structure of the Soviet Union and many elements ofthe early policies remained largely unchanged until 1991. In other respects,however, treatment of individual nationalities varied greatly while anincreasingly overt elevation of the political and cultural dominance of theRussian nation contradicted earlier policies. The incorporation of Latvia,Estonia, Lithuania and Moldova into the USSR after the Second World War furtherupset the balance of a system that collapsed in 1991.

Keywords

federalism Bolshevik revolution economic development Eastern Europe minorities non-Russians Ukrainian culture Soviet system

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Type: Chapter
Information: The Cambridge History of Russia , pp. 495 - 521

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811446.020 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2006

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