Geothermal Energy

doi:10.1017/CBO9781139151153.008

Chapter 4 - Geothermal Energy

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 December 2011

Ottmar Edenhofer: Affiliation:
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
Ramón Pichs-Madruga: Affiliation:
Centro de Investigaciones de la Economía Mundial (CIEM)
Youba Sokona: Affiliation:
The Sahara and Sahel Observatory
Kristin Seyboth: Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Susanne Kadner: Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Timm Zwickel: Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Patrick Eickemeier: Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Gerrit Hansen: Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Steffen Schlömer: Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Christoph von Stechow: Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Patrick Matschoss: Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change

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Summary

Executive Summary

Geothermal energy has the potential to provide long-term, secure base-load energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions. Accessible geothermal energy from the Earth's interior supplies heat for direct use and to generate electric energy. Climate change is not expected to have any major impacts on the effectiveness of geothermal energy utilization, but the widespread deployment of geothermal energy could play a meaningful role in mitigating climate change. In electricity applications, the commercialization and use of engineered (or enhanced) geothermal systems (EGS) may play a central role in establishing the size of the contribution of geothermal energy to long-term GHG emissions reductions.

The natural replenishment of heat from earth processes and modern reservoir management techniques enable the sustainable use of geothermal energy as a low-emission, renewable resource. With appropriate resource management, the tapped heat from an active reservoir is continuously restored by natural heat production, conduction and convection from surrounding hotter regions, and the extracted geothermal fluids are replenished by natural recharge and by injection of the depleted (cooled) fluids.

Global geothermal technical potential is comparable to global primary energy supply in 2008. For electricity generation, the technical potential of geothermal energy is estimated to be between 118 EJ/yr (to 3 km depth) and 1,109 EJ/yr (to 10 km depth). For direct thermal uses, the technical potential is estimated to range from 10 to 312 EJ/yr. The heat extracted to achieve these technical potentials can be fully or partially replenished over the long term by the continental terrestrial heat flow of 315 EJ/yr at an average flux of 65 mW/m2.

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Type: Chapter
Information: Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation
Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
, pp. 401 - 436

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139151153.008 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2011

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