Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77f85d65b8-8v9h9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-04-17T20:59:13.103Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Dog social behavior and communication

from PART II - BEHAVIOR, COGNITION AND TRAINING

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 December 2016

By
John Bradshaw  and
Nicola Rooney
Edited by
James Serpell
John Bradshaw
Affiliation:
Anthrozoology Institute, Animal Welfare and Behaviour Group, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK
Nicola Rooney
Affiliation:
Anthrozoology Institute, Animal Welfare and Behaviour Group, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK
James Serpell
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
Get access

Summary

Introduction

The success of the domestic dog as a species depends upon its ability to interact socially with members of its own species and, crucially, with humankind. Effective interaction depends upon both a repertoire of signals whereby social intentions can be expressed, and also the cognitive ability to interpret the behavior of others. For the dog, both of these abilities must inevitably be derived from those of their ancestral species, the grey wolf, Canis lupus, and many traditional accounts of dog behavior have borrowed heavily from studies of wolves (e.g. Fox, 1973). However, over the past decade scientific consensus has shifted dramatically in two areas, both of which call into question the reliability of these comparisons. Firstly, studies of wolf packs in the wild have painted a very different picture of their social organization than had previously emerged from studies of captive wolves. Secondly, the cognitive abilities of the domestic dog have been shown to have been markedly altered by domestication.

Field studies of wild wolf packs have revealed that the natural unit of wolf society is the family (e.g. Mech, 1999), casting doubt on the validity of much previous research using captive packs. Wild packs are usually kin-selected units in which young adults assist their parents for one or two breeding seasons before dispersing. Neighboring packs tend to avoid contact with one another, but when they do meet, unrestrained conflict is likely to occur (Mech & Boitani, 2003). Most of the classic studies of captive wolves (e.g. Rabb et al., 1967; Schenkel, 1947; van Hooff & Wensing, 1987; Zimen, 1975) were conducted on artificially assembled groups of unrelated adults. Prevented from dispersing, and presumably perceiving one another as originating from different packs and therefore competitors, most of these wolves were placed in the position of having to fight before they could reproduce. From the outcome of these competitions grew the concept of the wolf “dominance hierarchy,” in which one male and one female wolf, the “alphas,” suppressed breeding in all the other adults through aggression. By contrast, in most natural packs the non-breeding members, both pre- and post-reproductive, have chosen to remain with the breeding pair rather than disperse.

The term “alpha” is therefore redundant because it simply becomes a synonym for “parent” (Mech, 2008).

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
The Domestic Dog
Its Evolution, Behavior and Interactions with People
 , pp. 133 - 159
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Adachi, I., Kuwahata, H. & Fujita, K. (2007). Dogs recall their owner's face upon hearing the owner's voice. Animal Cognition 10: 17–21.Google ScholarPubMed
Adams, D. R. & Wiekamp, M. D. (1984). The canine vomeronasal organ. Journal of Anatomy, 138: 771–87.Google ScholarPubMed
Adams, G. J. & Johnson, K. G. (1994). Sleep, work and the effects of shift work in drug detector dogs, Canis familiaris. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 41: 115–26.Google Scholar
Aldis, O. (1975). Play Fighting. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior (AVSAB) (2008). Position statement on the use of dominance theory in behavior modification of animals. [Online]. Available: http://avsabonline.org/uploads/position_statements/dominance_statement.pdf
Appleby, M. C. (1993). How animals perceive a hierarchy – reactions to Freeman et al. Animal Behavior, 46: 1232–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Archie, E. A. & Theis, K. R. (2011). Animal behavior meets microbial ecology. Animal Behaviour, 82: 425–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arelis, C. L. (2006). Stress and the power of play. MSc Thesis. Alberta, Canada: University of Lethbridge. [Online]. Available: https://www.uleth.ca/dspace/handle/10133/342
Asher, L., Diesel, G., Summers, J. F., McGreevy, P. D. & Collins, L. M. (2009). Inherited defects in pedigree dogs. Part 1: Disorders related to breed standards. Veterinary Journal, 182: 402–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bálint, A, Faragó, T., Dókaa, A., Miklósi, A. & Pongrácz, P. (2013). Beware, I am big and non-dangerous!” – Playfully growling dogs are perceived larger than their actual size by their canine audience Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 148, 128–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnard, C. J. (2004). Animal Behaviour: Mechanism, Development, Function and Evolution. Harlow, UK: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Bateson, G. (1955). A theory of play and fantasy. Psychiatric Research Reports, 2, 39–51.Google Scholar
Bauer, E. B. & Smuts, B. B. (2007). Cooperation and competition during dyadic play in domestic dogs, Canis familiaris . Animal Behaviour, 73, 489–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaver, B. (1981). Friendly communication by the dog. Veterinary Medicine & Small Animal Clinician, 76: 647–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Beaver, B. V. (1982). Distance-increasing postures of dogs. Veterinary Medicine & Small Animal Clinician, 77: 1023–4.Google Scholar
Beck, A. M. (1975). The ecology of “feral” and free-roving dogs in Baltimore. In The Wild Canids, ed. Fox, M. W.. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 380–90.Google Scholar
Beerda, B., Schilder, M. B. H., van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M., de Vries, H. W. & Mol, J. A. (1999). Chronic stress in dog subjected to social and spatial restriction. I: Behavioral responses. Physiology & Behavior, 66: 233–42.Google ScholarPubMed
Bekoff, M. (1974). Social play and play-soliciting by infant canids. American Zoologist, 14: 323–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekoff, M. (1975). The communication of play intention: are play signals functional? Semiotica 15: 231–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekoff, M. (1976). Animal play; problems and perspectives. In Perspectives in Ethology, vol. 2, eds. Bateson, P. P. G. & Klopfer, P. H.. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 165–88.Google Scholar
Bekoff, M. (1995). Play signals as punctuation: the structure of social play in canids. Behavior, 132: 419–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekoff, M. (2001). The evolution of animal play, emotions, and social morality: on science, theology, spirituality, personhood, and love. Zygon, 36: 615–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekoff, M. & Allen, C. (1998). Intentional communication and social play: how and why animals negotiate and agree to play. In Animal Play: Evolutionary, Comparative and Ecological Perspectives, eds. Bekoff, M. & Byers, J. A.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 97–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belyaev, D. K. (1979). Destabilising selection as a factor in domestication. Journal of Heredity, 70: 301–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biben, M. (1982). Object play and social treatment of prey in bush dogs and crab-eating foxes. Behaviour, 79: 201–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackshaw, J. K. (1985). Human and animal inter-relationships, Review Series 3. Normal behavior patterns of dogs. Australian Veterinary Practitioner, 15: 110–12.Google Scholar
Blackwell, E.-J., Bodnariu, A., Tyson, J., Bradshaw, J. W. S. & Casey, R. A. (2010). Rapid shaping of behavior associated with high urinary cortisol in domestic dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 124: 113–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloom, P. (2004). Can a dog learn a word? Science, 304: 1605–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blurton Jones, N. G. (1967). An ethological study of some aspects of social behavior in children in nursery school. In Primate Ethology, ed. Morris, D.. London: Morrison and Gibb, pp. 347–68.Google Scholar
Boissy, A., Manteuffel, G., Jensen, M. B. et al. (2007). Assessment of positive emotions in animals to improve their welfare. Physiology & Behavior, 92: 375–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boitani, L. & Ciucci, P. (1995). Comparative social ecology of feral dogs and wolves. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 7: 49–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonanni, R., Cafazzo, S., Valsecchi, P. & Natoli, E. (2010). Effect of affiliative and agonistic relationships on leadership behavior in free-ranging dogs. Animal Behaviour, 79: 981–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradshaw, J. W. S. & Lea, A. M. (1993). Dyadic interactions between domestic dogs during exercise. Anthrozoös, 5: 245–53.Google Scholar
Bradshaw, J. W. S. & Nott, H. M. R. (1995). Social and communication behaviour of companion dogs. In The Domestic Dog: its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People, ed. Serpell, J. A.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 115–30.Google Scholar
Bradshaw, J. W. S., Blackwell, E. J. & Casey, R. A. (2009). Dominance in domestic dogs – useful construct or bad habit? Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 4: 135–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradshaw, J. W. S., Pullen, A. J. & Rooney, N. J. (2015). Why do adult dogs “play”? Behavioural Processes, 110: 82–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradshaw, J. W. S., Blackwell, E. J. & Casey, R. A. (2016). Dominance in domestic dogs – a response to Schilder et al. (2014). Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 11: 102–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, D. S. & Johnston, R. E. (1983). Individual discrimination on the basis of urine in dogs and wolves. In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 3, eds. Müller-Schwarze, D. & Silverstein, R. M.. New York: Plenum, pp. 343–436.Google Scholar
Burghardt, G. M. (2005). The Genesis of Animal Play: Testing the Limits. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cafazzo, S., Natoli, E. & Valsecchi, P. (2012). Scent-marking behavior in a pack of free-ranging domestic dogs. Ethology, 118: 955–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cafazzo, S., Valsecchi, P., Bonanni, R. & Natoli, E. (2010). Dominance in relation to age, sex, and competitive contexts in a group of free-ranging domestic dogs. Behavioural Ecology, 21: 443–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cafazzo, S., Valsecchi, P., Bonanni, R. & Natoli, E. (2014). Social variables affecting mate preferences, copulation and reproductive outcome in a pack of free-ranging dogs. PLoS ONE 9(6): e98594. http://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098594 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casey, R. A., Loftus, B. A., Bolster, C., Richards, G. J. & Blackwell, E.-J. (2013). Inter-dog aggression in a UK owner survey: prevalence, co-occurrence in different contexts and risk factors. Veterinary Record, 172: 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, M., Daly, M., Natt, S., Candy, , Williams, G. (2000). Non-invasive detection of hypoglycaemia using a novel, fully biocompatible and patient friendly alarm system. British Medical Journal, 321: 1565–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, J. A. & Fox, M. W. (1976). Vocalization in wild canids and possible effects of domestication. Behavioural Processes, 1: 77–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coppinger, R. & Feinstein, M. (1991). Hark-hark, the dogs do bark and bark. Smithsonian, 21: 119–29.Google Scholar
Corbett, L. K. (1988). Social dynamics of a captive dingo pack: population regulation by dominant female infanticide. Ethology: 78, 177–98.Google Scholar
Cordoni, G. (2009). Social play in captive wolves (Canis lupus): not only an immature affair. Behaviour, 146: 1363–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Correia, C., Ruiz De La Torre, J. L., Manteca, X. & Fatjo, J. (2007). Accuracy of dog owners to describe and interpret the canine body language during aggressive episodes. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Veterinary Behaviour Meeting, eds. Landsberg, G., Matteillio, S. & Mills, D. S.. Riccione, Italy: Tipografia Camuna, p. 33.Google Scholar
Coutellier, L. (2006). Are dogs able to recognize their handler's voice? A preliminary study. Anthrozoos, 19: 278–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniels, T. J. & Bekoff, M. (1989). Population and social biology of free-ranging dogs, Canis familiaris. Journal of Mammalogy, 70: 754–62.Google Scholar
Denham, H. D. C., Bradshaw, J. W. S. & Rooney, N.J. (2014). Repetitive behaviour in kennelled domestic dog: stereotypical or not? Physiology & Behavior. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.007 CrossRef
Elgier, A. M., Jakovcevic, A., Mustaca, A. E. & Bentosela, M. (2012). Pointing following in dogs: are simple or complex cognitive mechanisms involved? Animal Cognition, 15: 1111–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endler, J. A. (1992). Signal, signal conditions, and the direction of evolution. American Naturalist, 139: S125–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fagen, R. M. (1981). Animal Play Behavior. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Faragó, T., Pongrácz, P., Range, F., Viranyi, Z. & Miklósi, Á. (2010a). “The bone is mine”: affective and referential aspects of dog growls. Animal Behaviour, 79: 917–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faragó, T., Pongrácz, P., Miklósi, Á., Huber, L., Virányi, Z. & Range, F. (2010b). Dogs’ expectation about signalers’ body size by virtue of their growls. PLoS ONE, 5: e15175. http://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015175 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feddersen-Petersen, D. (1986). Observations on social play in some species of Canidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 217: 130–44.Google Scholar
Feddersen-Petersen, D. (1991). The ontogeny of social play and agonistic behavior in selected canid species. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 42: 97–114.Google Scholar
Feddersen-Petersen, D. U. (2000). Vocalization of European wolves (Canis lupus lupus L.) and various dog breeds (Canis lupus familiaris). Archiv für Tierzucht, 43: 387–97.Google Scholar
Fedigan, L. (1972). Social and solitary play in a colony of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Primates, 13: 347–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, M. (1970). A comparative study of the development of facial expressions in canids; wolf, coyote and foxes. Behavior, 36: 49–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, M. W. (1973). Behavior of Wolves, Dogs and Related Canids. London: Jonathan Cape.Google Scholar
Fox, M. W. & Bekoff, M. (1975). The behavior of dogs. In The Behavior of Domestic Animals, edition, ed. Hafez, E. S. E.. London: Baillière Tindall, pp. 370–409.Google Scholar
Fox, M. W., Halperin, S., Wise, A. & Kohn, E. (1976). Species and hybrid differences in frequencies of play and agonistic actions in canids. Zeitschrift fier Tierpsychologie, 40: 194–209.Google ScholarPubMed
Fry, D. P. (1990). Play aggression among Zapotec children: implications for the practice hypothesis. Aggressive Behavior, 16: 321–40.3.0.CO;2-D>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fukuzawa, M., Mills, D. S. & Cooper, J. J. (2005). More than just a word: non-semantic command variables affect obedience in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 91: 129–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Funato, T., Nara, M., Kurabayashi, D., Ashikaga, M. & Aonuma, H. (2011). A model for group-size-dependent behavior decisions in insects using an oscillator network. Journal of Experimental Biology, 214: 2426–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gazit, I. & Terkel, J. (2003). Domination of olfaction over vision in explosives detection by dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 82: 65–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gergely, A., Hernádi, A., Petró, E., Miklósi, B., Kanizsár, O., Miklósi, A. & Topál, J. (2012). Matching pictures with the appropriate sound: results from an eye-tracking study of dogs and 14-month-old infants. In Proceedings of 3rd Canine Science Forum, 25–27 July 2012. Barcelona, Spain, p. 82.Google Scholar
Goodwin, D., Bradshaw, J. W. S. & Wickens, S. M. (1997). Paedomorphosis affects agonistic visual signals of domestic dogs. Animal Behaviour, 53: 297–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gosling, L. M. (1982). A reassessment of the function of scent marking in territories. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 2: 89–118.Google Scholar
Griebel, U. & Oller, D. K. (2012). Vocabulary learning in a Yorkshire terrier: slow mapping of spoken words. PLoS ONE, 7: e30182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halina, M., Rossano, F. & Tomasello, M. (2013). The ontogenic ritualization of bonobo gestures. Animal Cognition, 16: 653–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrington, F. H. & Asa, C. S. (2003). Wolf communication. In Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation, eds. Mech, L. D. & Boitani, L.. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 66–103.Google Scholar
Heffner, H. E. (1975). Perception of biologically meaningful sounds by dogs. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 58: S124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heffner, H. (1978). Effect of auditory cortex ablation on localization and discrimination of brief sounds. Journal of Neurophysiology, 41: 963–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heffner, H. E. (1983). Hearing in large and small dogs: absolute thresholds and size of the tympanic membrane. Behavioral Neuroscience, 97: 310–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heffner, H. E. (1998). Auditory awareness in animals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 57: 259–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Held, S. & Spinka, M. (2011). Animal play and animal welfare. Animal Behaviour, 81: 891–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hepper, P. G. (1994). Long-term retention of kinship recognition established during infancy in the domestic dog. Behavioural Processes, 33: 3–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herron, M. E., Shofer, F. S. & Reisner, I. R. (2009). Survey of the use and outcome of confrontational and non-confrontational training methods in client-owned dogs showing undesired behaviors. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 117: 47–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holekamp, K. E. & Engh, A. L. (2002). Field studies of social cognition in spotted hyenas. In The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition, eds. Bekoff, M., Allen, C. & Burghardt, G. M.. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 371–8.Google Scholar
Horowitz, A. (2009). Attention to attention in domestic dog (Canis familiaris) dyadic play. Animal Cognition, 12: 107–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horowitz, A. (2011). Theory of mind in dogs? Examining method and concept. Learning & Behavior, 39: 314–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Juarbe-Diaz, S. V. (1997). Social dynamics and behavior problems in multiple-dog households. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice, 27: 497–514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalmykova, I. V. (1981). Localization of dichotically presented sounds in dogs. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 11: 268–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaminski, J., Call, J. & Fischer, J. (2004). Word learning in a domestic dog: evidence for “fast mapping”. Science, 304: 1682–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaminski, J., Schulz, L. & Tomasello, M. (2012). How dogs know when communication is intended for them. Developmental Science, 15: 222–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerswell, K. J., Bennett, P., Butler, K. L. & Hemsworth, P. H. (2009a). The relationship of adult morphology and early social signaling of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). Behavioural Processes, 81: 376–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerswell, K. J., Bennett, P., Butler, K. L. & Hemsworth, P. H. (2009b). Self-reported comprehension ratings of dog behavior by puppy owners. Anthrozoös, 22: 183–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerswell, K. J., Butler, K. L., Bennett, P. & Hemsworth, P. (2010). The relationships between morphological features and social signaling behaviors in juvenile dogs: The effect of early experience with dogs of different morphotypes. Behavioural Processes, 85: 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kowalska, D. M., Kusmierek, P., Kosmal, A. & Mishkin, M. (2001). Neither perirhinal/entorhinal nor hippocampal lesions impair short-term auditory recognition memory in dogs. Neuroscience, 104: 965–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krebs, J. R. & Dawkins, R. (1984). Animal signals: mind-reading and manipulation. In Behavioral Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, edition, eds. Krebs, J. R. & Davies, N. B.. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer, pp. 380–402.Google Scholar
Kretchmer, K. R. & Fox, M. W. (1975). Effects of domestication on animal behavior. Veterinary Record, 96: 102–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kujala, M. V., Kujala, J., Carlson, S. & Hari, R. (2012). Dog experts’ brains distinguish socially relevant body postures similarly in dogs and humans. PLoS ONE, 7: e39145. http://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039145 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kundey, S. M. A., De Los Reyes, A., Royer, E. et al. (2010). Reputation-like inference in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Animal Cognition, 14: 291–302.Google Scholar
Landsberg, G., Hunthausen, W. & Ackerman, L. (2003). Handbook of Behavior Problems in the Dog and Cat. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders, pp. 385–426.Google Scholar
Leaver, S. D. A. & Reimchen, T. E. (2008). Behavioral responses of Canis familiaris to different tail lengths of a remotely-controlled life-sized dog replica. Behaviour, 145: 377–90.Google Scholar
Lindsay, S. R. (2005). Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training, Volume 3, Procedures and Protocols. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, pp. 532–4.Google Scholar
Lisberg, A. E. & Snowdon, C. T. (2009). The effects of sex, gonadectomy and status on investigation patterns of unfamiliar conspecific urine in domestic dogs. Canis familiaris. Animal Behaviour, 77: 1147–54.Google Scholar
Loftus, B., Rooney, N. J. & Casey, R. A. (2012). Recognising fear and anxiety in dogs. [Online]. Available: www.bris.ac.uk/vetscience/services/behaviour-clinic/dogbehaviouralsigns
Loizos, C. (1966). Play in mammals. In Play, Exploration and Territory in Mammals, ed. Jewell, P. A.. London: Academic Press, pp. 1–9.Google Scholar
Macdonald, D. W. & Carr, G. (1995). Variation in dog society: between resource dispersion and social flux. In The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People, ed. Serpell, J.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 199–216.Google Scholar
Mariti, C., Gazzano, A., Moore, J. L., Baragli, P., Chelli, L. & Sighieri, C. (2012). Perception of dogs’ stress by their owners. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 7: 213–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maros, K., Pongrácz, P., Bárdos, Gy., Molnár, Cs., Faragó, T. & Miklósi, Á. (2008). Dogs can discriminate barks from different situations. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 114: 159–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall-Pescini, S., Passalacqua, C., Ferrario, A., Valsecchi, P. & Prato-Previde, E. (2011). Social eavesdropping in the domestic dog. Animal Behaviour, 81: 1177–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McConnell, P. B. (1990). Acoustic structure and receiver response in domestic dogs, Canis familiaris. Animal Behaviour, 39: 897–904.Google Scholar
McConnell, P. B. & Baylis, J. R. (1985). Interspecific communication in cooperative herding: Acoustic and visual signals from shepherds and herding dogs. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 67: 302–28.Google Scholar
McGreevy, P. D. & Nicholas, F. W. (1999). Some practical solutions to welfare problems in dog breeding. Animal Welfare, 8: 329–41.Google Scholar
McGreevy, P. D., Starling, M., Branson, N. J., Cobb, M. L. & Calnon, D. (2012). An overview of the dog–human dyad and ethograms within it. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 7: 103–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mech, L. D. (1999). Alpha status, dominance, and division of labor in wolf packs. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 77: 1196–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mech, L. D. (2008). Whatever happened to the term alpha wolf? International Wolf, 18: 4–8.Google Scholar
Mech, L. D. & Boitani, L. (2003). Wolf social ecology. In Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation, eds. Mech, L. D. & Boitani, L.. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mech, L. D. & Cluff, H. D. (2010). Prolonged intensive dominance behavior between Gray Wolves, Canis lupus. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 124: 215–8.Google Scholar
Mendl, M., Brooks, J., Basse, C., Burman, O., Paul, E., Blackwell, E. & Casey, R. (2010). Dogs showing separation-related behavior exhibit a “pessimistic” cognitive bias. Current Biology, 20: R939–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miklósi, Á. (2014). Dog Behaviour, Evolution and Cognition, edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, P. E. & Murphy, C. J. (1995). Vision in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 207: 1623–34.Google ScholarPubMed
Moehlman, P. D. (1989). Intraspecific variation in canid social systems. In Carnivore Behavior, Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 1, ed. Gittleman, J. L.. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp. 143–63.Google Scholar
Molnár, C. S., Kaplan, F., Roy, P., Pachet, F., Pongrácz, P., Dóka, A. & Miklósi, Á. (2008). Classification of dog barks: a machine learning approach. Animal Cognition, 11: 389–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Molnár, C. S., Kaplan, F., Faragó, T., Dóka, A. & Miklósi, Á. (2009). Dogs discriminate between barks: the effect of context and identity of the caller. Behavioural Processes, 82: 198–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monks of New Skete (1978). How To Be Your Dog's Best Friend: A Training Manual For Dog Owners. Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co., pp. 11–12.Google Scholar
Murphy, C. J. & Pollock, R. V. S. (1993). The eye. In Miller's Anatomy of the Dog, edition, ed. Evans, H.. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, pp. 1009–58.Google Scholar
Nagasawa, M., Murai, K., Mogi, K. & Kikusui, T. (2011). Dogs can discriminate human smiling faces from blank expressions. Animal Cognition, 14: 525–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Natynczuk, S., Bradshaw, J. W. S. & Macdonald, D. W. (1989). Chemical constituents of the anal sacs of domestic dogs. Biochemical Systematics & Ecology, 17: 83–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Netto, W. J., van der Borg, J. A. M. & Slegers, J. F. (1992). The establishment of dominance relationships in a dog pack and his relevance for the man-dog relationship. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde, 117(Suppl.): 51S–52S.Google Scholar
O'Farrell, V. (1992). Manual of Canine Behaviour, edition. Cheltenham, UK: British Small Animal Veterinary Association.Google Scholar
O'Sullivan, E. N., Jones, B. R., O'Sullivan, K. & Hanlon, A. J. (2008). The management and behavioral history of 100 dogs reported for biting a person. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 114: 149–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortolani, A. (1999). Spots, stripes, tail tips and dark eyes: predicting the function of carnivore color patterns using the comparative method. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 67: 433–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pageat, P. & Gaultier, E. (2003). Current research in canine and feline pheromones. Small Animal Practice, 33: 187–211.Google ScholarPubMed
Pal, S. K. (2003). Urine marking by free-ranging dogs (Canis familiaris) in relation to sex, season, place and posture. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 80: 45–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pal, S. K. (2005). Parental care in free-ranging dogs, Canis familiaris. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 90: 31–47.Google Scholar
Pal, S. K. (2008). Maturation and development of social behaviour during early ontogeny in free-ranging dog puppies in West Bengal, India. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 111: 95–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pal, S. K. (2010). Play behavior during early ontogeny in free-ranging dogs (Canis familiaris). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 126: 140–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pal, S. K. (2011). Mating system of free-ranging dogs (Canis familiaris). International Journal of Zoology. http://doi:10.1155/2011/314216 CrossRef
Pal, S. K., Ghosh, B. & Roy, S. (1998). Agonistic behavior of free-ranging dogs (Canis familiaris) in relation to season, sex and age. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 59: 331–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pal, S. K., Ghosh, B. & Roy, S. (1999). Inter- and intra-sexual behavior of free-ranging dogs (Canis familiaris). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 62: 267–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, G. A. (1974). Assessment strategy and the evolution of fighting behavior. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 47: 223–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pérez-Guisado, J. & Muñoz-Serrano, A. (2009). Factors linked to dominance aggression in dogs. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8: 336–42.Google Scholar
Pilley, J. W. & Reid, A. K. (2011). Border collie comprehends object names as verbal referents. Behavioural Processes, 86: 184–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinc, L., Bartoš, L., Reslová, A. & Kotrba, R. (2011). Dogs discriminate identical twins. PLoS ONE, 6: e20704.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pongrácz, P., Molnár, C. S., Miklósi, Á. & Csányi, V. (2005). Human listeners are able to classify dog (Canis familiaris) barks recorded in different situations. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 119: 136–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pongrácz, P., Molnár, C. S. & Miklósi, Á. (2006). Acoustic parameters of dog barks carry emotional information for humans. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 100: 228–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pongrácz, P., Molnár, C. S. & Miklósi, Á. (2010). Barking in family dogs: An ethological approach. Veterinary Journal, 183: 141–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pongrácz, P., Molnár, C., Doka, A. & Miklósi, Á. (2011). Do children understand man's best friend? Classification of dog barks by pre-adolescents and adults. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 135: 95–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prescott, M. J., Morton, D. B., Anderson, D. et al. (2004). Refining dog husbandry and care. 8th Report of the BVA/AWF/FRAME/RSPCA/UFAW Joint Working Group on refinement. Laboratory Animals, 38(Suppl 1): S1–S94.Google Scholar
Pretterer, G., Bubna-Littitz, H., Windischbauer, G., Gabler, C. & Griebel, U. (2004). Brightness discrimination in the dog. Journal of Vision, 4: 241–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rabb, G. B., Woolpy, J. H. & Ginsberg, B. E. (1967). Social relationships in a group of captive wolves. American Zoologist, 7: 305–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Racca, A., Amadei, E., Ligout, S., Guo, K., Meints, K. & Mills, D. (2010). Discrimination of human and dog faces and inversion responses in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Animal Cognition, 13: 525–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Racca, A., Range, F., Virányi, Z. & Huber, L. (2011). Discrimination of familiar human faces in domestic dogs. Journal of Veterinary Behaviour, 8: e46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Řezáč, P., Viziová, P., Dobešová, M., Havliček, Z. & Pospíšilová, D. (2011). Factors affecting dog–dog interactions on walks with their owners. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 134: 170–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogerson, J. (1992). Training Your Dog. London: Popular Dogs Publishing.Google Scholar
Rooney, N. J. (1999). Play behavior of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) and its effects on the dog–human relationship. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Southampton.
Rooney, N. J. (2009). The welfare of pedigree dogs: Cause for concern. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 4: 180–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooney, N. J. (in press). Deleterious effects on behavior associated with pedigree dog breeding in the UK. European Journal of Companion Animal Practice.
Rooney, N. J. & Bradshaw, J. W. S. (2002). An experimental study of the effects of play upon the dog-human relationship. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 75: 161–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooney, N. J. & Bradshaw, J. W. S. (2003). Links between play and dominance and attachment dimensions of dog-human relationships. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 6: 67–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rooney, N. J. & Bradshaw, J. W. S. (2006). Social cognition in the domestic dog: behavior of spectators toward participants in interspecific games. Animal Behaviour, 72: 343–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooney, N. J. & Sargan, D. R. (2010). Welfare concerns associated with pedigree dog breeding in the UK. Animal Welfare, 19: 133–40.Google Scholar
Rooney, N. J., Bradshaw, J. W. S. & Robinson, I. H. (2000). A comparison of dog–dog and dog–human play behavior. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 66: 235–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooney, N. J., Bradshaw, J. W. S. & Robinson, I. H. (2001) Do dogs respond to play signals given by humans? Animal Behaviour, 61: 715–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooney, N. J., Morant, S. & Guest, C. (2013) Investigation into the value of trained glycaemia alert dogs to clients with Type I diabetes. PLoS ONE, 8: e69921.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schassburger, R. M. (1987). Wolf vocalizations: An integrated model of structure, motivation and ontogeny. In Man and Wolf: Advances, Issues, and Problems in Captive Wolf Research, ed. Frank, H.. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Dr W. Junk Publishers, pp. 313–47.Google Scholar
Scheifele, P., Martin, D., Clark, J. G. R., Kemper, D. & Wells, J. (2012.) Effect of kennel noise on hearing in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 73: 482–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schenkel, R. (1947). Ausdrucks-Studien an Wölfen: Gefangenschafts-Beobachtungen. Behavior, 1, 81–129.Google Scholar
Schenkel, R. (1967). Submission: its features and function in the wolf and dog. American Zoologist, 7: 319–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schilder, M. B. H. & van der Borg, J. A. M. (2004). Training dogs with help of the shock collar: short and long term behavioral effects. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 85: 319–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schilder, M. B. H., Vinke, C. M. & van der Borg, J. A. M. (2014). Dominance in domestic dogs revisited: useful habit and useful construct? Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 9: 184–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, T. H., Kruse, S. M. & Flath, R. A. (1985). Some volatile constituents of female dog urine. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 11: 169–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Settle, R. H., Sommerville, B. A., McCormick, J. & Broom, D. M. (1994). Human scent matching using specially trained dogs. Animal Behavior, 48: 1443–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, K. (2002). Development of behavior, social behavior and communication in dogs. In BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Behavioral Medicine, eds. Horwitz, D. F., Mills, D. S. & Heath, S.. Quedgeley, UK: BSAVA, pp. 8–20.Google Scholar
Sherman, B. L. & Mills, D. S. (2008). Canine anxieties and phobias: an update on separation anxiety and noise aversions. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Small Animal Practice, 38: 1081–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sherman, B. L., Meyer, E. K. & Hetts, S. (2009). More on canine dominance aggression. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 234: 1254–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Sherman, S. M. & Wilson, J. R. (1975). Behavioral and morphological evidence for binocular competition in post-natal development of dogs visual system. Journal of Comparative Neourology, 161: 183–95.Google Scholar
Simpson, B. S. (1997). Canine communication. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 27: 445–464.Google ScholarPubMed
Siniscalchi, M., Lusito, R., Sasso, R. & Quaranta, A. (2012). Are temporal features crucial acoustic cues in dog vocal recognition? Animal Cognition, 15: 815–821.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soproni, K., Miklosi, A., Topal, J. & Csanyi, V. (2001). Comprehension of human communicative signs in pet dogs (Canis familiaris). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115: 122–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sprague, R. H. & Anisko, J. J. (1973). Elimination patterns in the laboratory beagle. Behaviour, 47: 257–67.Google ScholarPubMed
Steiss, J. E., Schaffer, C., Ahmad, H. A. & Voith, V. L. (2007). Evaluation of plasma cortisol levels and behavior in dogs wearing bark control collars. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 106: 96–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Summers, J. F., Diesel, G., Asher, L., McGreevy, P. D. & Collins, L. M. (2010). Inherited defects in pedigree dogs. Part 2: Disorders that are not related to breed standards. Veterinary Journal, 183: 39–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tami, G. & Gallagher, A. (2009). Description of the behavior of domestic dog (Canis familiaris) by experienced and inexperienced people. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 120: 159–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A. M., Reby, D. & McComb, K. (2009). Context-related variation in the vocal growling behavior of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). Ethology, 115: 905–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A. M., Reby, D. & McComb, K. (2010a). Size communication in domestic dog, Canis familiaris, growls. Animal Behaviour, 79: 205–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A. M., Reby, D. & McComb, K. (2010b). Why do large dogs sound more aggressive to human listeners: acoustic bases of motivational misattributions. Ethology, 116: 1155–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A. M., Reby, D. & McComb, K. (2011). Cross modal perception of body size in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). PLoS ONE, 6: e17069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, P. C., Rose, K. & Kok, N. E. (1992). The behavioral ecology of dingoes in North-western Australia. V. Population dynamics and variation in the social system. Wildlife Research, 19: 565–84.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M., Call, J., Nagell, K., Olguin, R. & Carpenter, M. (1994). The learning and use of gestural signals by young chimpanzees: a trans-generational study. Primates, 35: 137–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuber, D. S., Hennessy, M. B., Sanders, S. & Miller, J. A. (1996). Behavioral and glucocorticoid responses of adult domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) to companionship and social separation. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 110: 103–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van der Borg, J. A. M., Schilder, M. B. H., Vinke, C. M. & de Vries, H. (2015). Dominance in domestic dogs: a quantitative analysis of its behavioural measures. PLoS ONE, 10: e0133978. http://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133978 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. (1972). A comparative approach to the phylogeny of laughter and smiling. In Non-Verbal Communication, ed. Hinde, R. A.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 209–41.Google Scholar
van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. & Wensing, J. A. B. (1987). Dominance and its behavioral measures in a captive wolf pack. In Man and Wolf: Advances, Issues, and Problems in Captive Wolf Research, ed. Frank, H.. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Dr W. Junk, pp. 219–52.Google Scholar
Vaughan, R. T., Stoy, K., Sukhatme, G. S. & Mataric, M. J. (2000). Go ahead, make my day: Robot conflict resolution by aggressive competition. In From Animals to Animats 6, eds. Meyer, J. A., Berthoz, A., Floreano, D., Roitblat, H. & Wilson, S. W.. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 491–500.Google Scholar
Walker, D. B., Walker, J. K., Cavnar, P. J. et al. (2006). Naturalistic quantification of canine olfactory sensitivity. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 97: 241–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walls, G. L. (1963). The Vertebrate Eye and its Adaptive Radiation. New York: Hafner Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Ward, C., Bauer, E. B. & Smuts, B. B. (2008). Partner preferences and asymmetries in social play among domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris, littermates. Animal Behavior, 76: 1187–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, C., Trisko, R. & Smuts, B. B. (2009). Third-party interventions in dyadic play between littermates of domestic dogs, Canis lupus familiaris. Animal Behaviour, 78: 1153–60.Google Scholar
Weiss, T. (2009). Thoughts on canine dominance aggression. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 234: 731.Google ScholarPubMed
Westgarth, C., Christley, R. M., Pinchbeck, G. L., Gaskell, R. M., Dawson, S. & Bradshaw, J. W. S. (2010). Dog behavior on walks and the effect of use of the leash. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 125: 38–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickens, S. M. (1993). Social relationships in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris): the effect of learning and breed on behaviour within status relationships. Unpublished Ph.D., University of Southampton, UK.
Williams, M. & Johnston, J. M. (2002). Training and maintaining the performance of dogs (Canis familiaris) on an increasing number of odor discriminations in a controlled setting. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 78: 55–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wirant, S. C. & McGuire, B. (2004). Urinary behavior of female domestic dogs (Canis familiaris): influence of reproductive status, location and age. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 85: 335–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yin, S. & McCowan, B. (2004). Barking in domestic dogs: context specificity and individual identification. Animal Behavior, 68: 343–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimen, E. (1975). Social dynamics of the wolf pack. In The Wild Canids: Their Systematics, Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, ed. Fox, M. W.. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 336–62.Google Scholar
Zub, K., Theuerkauf, J., Jedrzejewski, W., Jedrzejewska, B., Schmidt, K. & Kowalczyk, R. (2003). Wolf pack territory marking in the Bialowieza primeval forest (Poland). Behavior, 140: 635–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.

Accessibility Information

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this chapter is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Dog social behavior and communication
    • By John Bradshaw, Anthrozoology Institute, Animal Welfare and Behaviour Group, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK, Nicola Rooney, Anthrozoology Institute, Animal Welfare and Behaviour Group, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK
  • Edited by James Serpell, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: The Domestic Dog
  • Online publication: 30 December 2016
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139161800.008
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Dog social behavior and communication
    • By John Bradshaw, Anthrozoology Institute, Animal Welfare and Behaviour Group, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK, Nicola Rooney, Anthrozoology Institute, Animal Welfare and Behaviour Group, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK
  • Edited by James Serpell, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: The Domestic Dog
  • Online publication: 30 December 2016
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139161800.008
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Dog social behavior and communication
    • By John Bradshaw, Anthrozoology Institute, Animal Welfare and Behaviour Group, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK, Nicola Rooney, Anthrozoology Institute, Animal Welfare and Behaviour Group, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK
  • Edited by James Serpell, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: The Domestic Dog
  • Online publication: 30 December 2016
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139161800.008
Available formats
×