Erhard Schoen's 1530 broadsheet illustration Turkish Atrocities in Vienna Woods (Figure I.1) is among the most iconic representations of the direct military threat to innocent civilians by the Ottoman forces during the 1529 Siege of Vienna. The accompanying Hans Sachs poem further strengthens the message of the print that the Ottoman Turkish army was considered a foreign enemy without morals or scruples. The woodcut depicts two Turkish soldiers wading through a mound of bodies of slain women and babies impaled on spikes, thereby showing the wrath of God as well as the direct danger Turkish soldiers posed to the most innocent members of society. The location in the woods just outside Vienna further indicates just how far the Ottoman Empire had expanded into Christian Europe. This woodcut shows some of the complex and varied attitudes of early modern European society as it was confronted with the perpetual threat of religious and territorial war and with exposure to an alien and traditionally enemy culture.