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Insulin-related dietary indices predict 24-h urinary C-peptide in adult men

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2020

Dong Hoon Lee ,
Edward L. Giovannucci  and
Fred K. Tabung
Dong Hoon Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Edward L. Giovannucci
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Fred K. Tabung*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Fred K. Tabung, email fred.tabung@osumc.edu
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Abstract

The dietary insulin index directly estimates the postprandial insulin secretion potential of foods, whereas the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinaemia (EDIH) assesses the insulinaemic potential of usual diets based on fasting plasma C-peptide, and is primarily reflective of insulin resistance. It is unknown whether these insulin-related indices are predictive of an integrated measure of insulin secretion. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis that included 293 non-diabetic men with 24-h urinary C-peptide data from the Men’s Lifestyle Validation Study. EDIH, dietary insulin index and dietary insulin load were calculated using validated FFQ. We conducted multivariable-adjusted linear regression to estimate relative and absolute concentrations of 24-h urinary C-peptide. In multivariable-adjusted models, we found a significant positive association between all three insulin-related dietary indices and 24-h urinary C-peptide (P < 0·05). Relative concentrations of 24-h urinary C-peptide per 1-sd increase in insulin-related dietary indices were 1·12 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·23) for EDIH, 1·18 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·29) for dietary insulin index and 1·16 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·27) for dietary insulin load. When we further adjusted for BMI, the association was attenuated for EDIH, to 1·07 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·16), and remained unchanged for dietary insulin index and dietary insulin load. In conclusion, EDIH, dietary insulin index and dietary insulin load were predictive of integrated insulin secretion assessed by 24-h urinary C-peptide. Findings after adjustment for BMI appear to confirm the relation of EDIH to insulin resistance and dietary insulin index/load to insulin secretion; the respective constructs of the two dietary indices.

Keywords

Empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinaemiaDietary insulin indexDietary insulin loadHyperinsulinaemiaInsulin resistanceInsulin secretion

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 135 , Special Issue 5: Interactions between Nutrition and Mental Health (Part 1) , 14 March 2026 , pp. 577 - 584
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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