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The prevalence of food addiction and its association with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 January 2025

André Eduardo da Silva-Júnior Open the ORCID record for André Eduardo da Silva-Júnior [Opens in a new window] ,
Mateus de Lima Macena Open the ORCID record for Mateus de Lima Macena [Opens in a new window]  and
Nassib Bezerra Bueno Open the ORCID record for Nassib Bezerra Bueno [Opens in a new window]
André Eduardo da Silva-Júnior
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição (PPGNUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Mateus de Lima Macena
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição (PPGNUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Nassib Bezerra Bueno*
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição (PPGNUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
*
Corresponding author: Nassib Bezerra Bueno: Email: nassib.bueno@fanut.ufal.br
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Abstract

The study aim was to determine the prevalence of food addiction (FA) in individuals with type 2 diabetes and to assess the association between FA and type 2 diabetes. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, ScienceDirect, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched until November 2024. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023465903). Cross-sectional studies, case–control, cohorts and clinical trials that were carried out with individuals with type 2 diabetes, regardless of age and sex, were included. The complete data extracted included the prevalence, OR and/or risk ratio of FA, the number of individuals evaluated, age, sex, weight, presence of co-morbidities, age of participants and FA symptoms. A pooled prevalence of FA of 30 % (95 % CI (18, 44) with estimated predictive interval (0; 85); I2 = 99·51; 12 studies; 15 947 participants) was identified. For the associations between FA and type 2 diabetes, we found a grouped crude OR value of 2·35 (95 % CI (1·71, 2·98)). The pooled OR adjusted for age and sex was 2·60 (95 % CI (1·77, 3·42)). Finally, the OR adjusted for age, sex and BMI was 2·01 (95 % CI (1·39, 2·64)). The results of the meta-analyses showed a high prevalence of FA in individuals with type 2 diabetes and that the associations between these two conditions remained even after adjustment for age, sex and BMI, although with a high heterogeneity among individual estimates.

Keywords

Eating disordersFood addictionYale Food Addiction ScaleType 2 diabetes, Diabetes
Type
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 133 , Issue 4 , 28 February 2025 , pp. 558 - 566
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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