Hostname: page-component-6766d58669-88psn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-17T10:11:47.716Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Courts Without Borders: Domestic Sources of U.S. Extraterritoriality in the Regulatory Sphere

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 July 2009

Tonya L. Putnam
Tonya L. Putnam
Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York. E-mail: tp2202@columbia.edu
Get access

Abstract

Regulating private transactions across international boundaries has long posed a challenge to states. Extraterritoriality—the direct regulation of persons and conduct outside a state's borders—is an increasingly common mechanism by which strong states attempt to manage problems associated with transnational activities. This article seeks to account for variation across issues in the willingness of U.S. courts to regulate extraterritorially by focusing on the potential for external conduct to undermine domestic legal rules. It suggests further how attention to domestic-level regulatory processes, with particular focus on the role of private actors, can shed new light on transnational rulemaking and enforcement.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
International Organization , Volume 63 , Issue 3 , July 2009 , pp. 459 - 490
Copyright
Copyright © The IO Foundation 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Abbott, Kenneth W., and Snidal, Duncan. 2002. Values and Interests: International Legalization in the Fight Against Corruption. Journal of Legal Studies 31 (1):S141–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Law Institute. 1987. Restatement of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States. St. Paul, Minn.: American Law Institute.Google Scholar
Bailey, Michael, Goldstein, Judith, and Weingast, Barry R.. 1997. The Institutional Roots of American Trade Policy: Politics, Coalitions, and International Trade. World Politics 49 (3):309–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, David P. 2001. Private Politics, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Integrated Strategy. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 10 (1):7–45.Google Scholar
Baum, Lawrence. 1994. What Judges Want: Judges' Goals and Judicial Behavior. Political Research Quarterly 47: 749–758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baum, Lawrence. 2006. Judges and Their Audiences: A Perspective on Judicial Behavior. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borchers, Patrick J. 1998. Judgments Conventions and Minimum Contacts. Albany Law Review 61 (4):1161–76.Google Scholar
Borchers, Patrick J. 2001. The Problem with General Jurisdiction. University of Chicago Legal Forum 2001: 119–36.Google Scholar
Born, Gary B. 1992. A Reappraisal of the Extraterritorial Reach of U.S. Law. Law & Policy in International Business 24 (3):1–100.Google Scholar
Born, Gary B. 1996. International Civil Litigation in United States Courts: Commentary & Materials. 3d ed.Boston, Mass.: Kluwer Law International.Google Scholar
Bradley, Curtis A. 2000. ‘Chevron’ Deference and Foreign Affairs. Virginia Law Review 86:649–726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charney, Jonathan I. 1989. Judicial Deference in International Relations. American Journal of International Law 83 (4):805–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, Harry L. 1999. Dealing with U.S. Extraterritorial Sanctions and Foreign Countermeasures. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Economic Law 20:61–88.Google Scholar
Coyle, Anne. 2004. A Modest Reform: The New Rule 32.1 Permitting Citation to Unpublished Opinions in the Federal Court of Appeals. Fordham Law Review 72: 2471–501.Google Scholar
Cross, Frank B., and Nelson, Blake J.. 2001. Strategic Institutional Effects on Supreme Court Decision Making. Northwestern University Law Review 95 (3):1437–94.Google Scholar
Cutler, A. Claire, Haufler, Virginia, and Porter, Tony. 1999. Private Authority and International Affairs. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Drezner, Daniel W. 2001. Globalization and Policy Convergence. International Studies Review 3 (1):53–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drezner, Daniel W. 2007. All Politics Is Global: Explaining International Regulatory Regimes. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Falk, Richard A. 1964. The Role of Domestic Courts in the International Legal Order. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
Ferejohn, John A., and Kramer, Larry D.. 2002. Independent Judges, Dependent Judiciary: Institutionalizing Judicial Restraint. New York University Law Review 77 (4):962–1039.Google Scholar
Ferejohn, John A., and Weingast, Barry R.. 1992a. A Positive Theory of Statutory Interpretation. International Review of Law and Economics 12 (2):263–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferejohn, John A., and Weingast, Barry R.. 1992b. Limitation of Statutes: Strategic Statutory Interpretation. The Georgetown Law Journal 80 (3):565–82.Google Scholar
Frieden, Jeffry. 2006. Global Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the Twentieth Century. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Friedman, Lawrence M. 2004. American Law in the 20th Century. New York: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Gerber, David J. 1983. The Extraterritorial Application of the German Antitrust Laws. American Journal of International Law 77:756–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glennon, Michael J. 1989. Foreign Affairs and the Political Question Doctrine. American Journal of International Law 83:814–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, Jack. 1998. Against Cyberanarchy. University of Chicago Law Review 65:1199–1250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, Joseph P. 1999. Extraterritoriality in U.S. and EU Antitrust Enforcement. Antitrust Law Journal 65 (1):159–99.Google Scholar
Gunther, Gerald, and Sullivan, Kathleen M.. 1997. Constitutional Law. 13th ed.Westbury, N.Y.: Foundation Press.Google Scholar
Harding, Christopher, and Joshua, Julian. 2003. Regulating Cartels in Europe: A Study of Legal Control of Corporate Delinquency. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Haufler, Virginia. 2001. Public Role for the Private Sector: Industry Self-Regulation in a Global Economy. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar
Jung, Youngjin. 2005. Korean Competition Law: First Step Towards Globalization. Journal of Korean Law 4 (2):177–200.Google Scholar
Keohane, Robert O. 1984. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Keohane, Robert O. 2002. Power and Governance in a Partially Globalized World. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
King, Kimi Lynn, and Meernik, James. 1999. The Supreme Court and the Powers of the Executive: The Adjudication of Foreign Policy. Political Research Quarterly 52 (4):801–24.Google Scholar
Knill, Christoph. 2005. Introduction: Cross-national Policy Convergence: Concepts, Approaches and Explanatory Factors. Journal of European Public Policy 12 (5):764–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kozlowski, Mark. 2003. The Myth of the Imperial Judiciary: Why the Right Is Wrong About the Courts. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Krasner, Stephen D. 1991. Global Communications and National Power: Life on the Pareto Frontier. World Politics 43 (3):336–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krasner, Stephen D. 1999. Sovereignty, Organized Hypocrisy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, Lisa L., and Simmons, Beth A.. 1998. Theories and Empirical Studies of International Institutions. International Organization 52 (4):729–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattei, Ugo, and Lena, Jeffrey. 2001. U.S. Jurisdiction over Conflicts Arising Outside of the United States: Some Hegemonic Implications. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 24:381–400.Google Scholar
Mattli, Walter. 2001. The Politics and Economics of International Standards Setting: An Introduction. Journal of European Public Policy 8 (3):328–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattli, Walter, and Büthe, Tim. 2003. Setting International Standards: Technical Rationality of Primacy of Power? World Politics 56 (1):1–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meessen, Karl M. 1996. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Theory and Practice. Boston: Kluwer Law International.Google Scholar
Milner, Helen V. 1997. Interests, Institutions, and Information: Domestic Politics and International Relations. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Moravcsik, Andrew. 1997. Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics. International Organization 51 (4):513–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nader, Laura. 2002. The Life of the Law: Anthropological Projects. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Priest, George L., and Klein, Benjamin. 1984. The Selection of Disputes for Litigation. Journal of Legal Studies 13:1–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raustiala, Kal. 2006. The Evolution of Territoriality: International Relations and American Law. In Territoriality and Conflict in an Era of Globalization, edited by Kahler, Miles and Walter, Barbara F., 219–50. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risse-Kappen, Thomas. 1995. Bringing Transnational Relations Back In: Non-State Actors, Domestic Structures, and International Institutions. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodman, Kenneth A. 2001. Sanctions Beyond Borders: Multinational Corporations and U.S. Economic Statecraft. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Samuels, Jeffrey M., and Samuels, Linda B.. 2004. International Trademark Protection Streamlined: The Madrid Protocol Comes into Force in the United States. Journal of Intellectual Property Law 12 (1):151–62.Google Scholar
Sartori, Anne E. 2003. An Estimator for Some Binary-Outcome Selection Models Without Exclusion Restrictions. Political Analysis 11 (2):111–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segal, Jeffrey A. 1988. Amicus Curiae Briefs by the Solicitor General During the Burger and Warren Courts: A Research Note. The Western Political Quarterly 41 (1):135–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segal, Jeffrey A. 1997. Separation-of-Powers Games in the Positive Theory of Congress and Courts. American Political Science Review 91 (1):28–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sell, Susan K. 2003. Private Power, Public Law: The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmons, Beth A. 1998. Compliance with International Agreements. Annual Review of Political Science 1:75–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmons, Beth A. 2001. The International Politics of Harmonization: The Case of Capital Market Regulation. International Organization 55 (3):589–620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, David Andrew. 2004. Capital Rules: The Domestic Politics of International Regulatory Harmonization. International Organization 58 (3):531–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 2003. A Global Community of Courts. Harvard International Law Journal 44:191–219.Google Scholar
Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 2004. Sovereignty and Power in a Networked World Order. Stanford Journal of International Law 40:283–327.Google Scholar
Sykes, Alan O. 1999. The (Limited) Role of Regulatory Harmonization in International Markets for Goods and Services. Journal of International Economic Law 2 (1):49–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamura, Jiro, Gidley, J. Mark, and Jasinski, Douglas M.. 2005. Japan Cartels. Global Competition Review, April. Available at ⟨http://www.whitecase.com/publications/List.aspx?AdvancedServices=6224f06d-6f34-47bb-921e-50c4922a277f&year=2005⟩. Accessed 19 January 2009.Google Scholar
Tomz, Michael, Wittenberg, Jason, and King, Gary. 2000. CLARIFY: Software for Interpreting and Presenting Statistical Results. Available at ⟨http://gking.harvard.edu/clarify/docs/clarify.html⟩. Accessed 27 March 2009.Google Scholar
Turley, Jonathan. 1990. ‘When in Rome’: Multinational Misconduct and the Presumption Against Extraterritoriality. Northwestern University Law Review 84:598–664.Google Scholar
Vogel, David. 1995. Trading Up: Consumer and Environmental Regulation in a Global Economy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar