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The reduced genome of Candidatus Kinetoplastibacterium sorsogonicusi, the endosymbiont of Kentomonas sorsogonicus (Trypanosomatidae): loss of the haem-synthesis pathway

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2018

Flávia M. Silva ,
Alexei Y. Kostygov ,
Viktoria V. Spodareva ,
Anzhelika Butenko ,
Regis Tossou ,
Julius Lukeš ,
Vyacheslav Yurchenko Open the ORCID record for Vyacheslav Yurchenko [Opens in a new window]  and
João M. P. Alves Open the ORCID record for João M. P. Alves [Opens in a new window]
Flávia M. Silva
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
Alexei Y. Kostygov
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science, Life Science Research Centre, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava 71000, Czech Republic Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
Viktoria V. Spodareva
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science, Life Science Research Centre, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava 71000, Czech Republic Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
Anzhelika Butenko
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science, Life Science Research Centre, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava 71000, Czech Republic Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, České Budějovice 37005 (Budweis), Czech Republic
Regis Tossou
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
Julius Lukeš
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, České Budějovice 37005 (Budweis), Czech Republic Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 37005 (Budweis), Czech Republic
Vyacheslav Yurchenko
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science, Life Science Research Centre, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava 71000, Czech Republic Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, České Budějovice 37005 (Budweis), Czech Republic
João M. P. Alves*
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: João M. P. Alves, E-mail: jotajj@usp.br
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Abstract

Trypanosomatids of the genera Angomonas and Strigomonas (subfamily Strigomonadinae) have long been known to contain intracellular beta-proteobacteria, which provide them with many important nutrients such as haem, essential amino acids and vitamins. Recently, Kentomonas sorsogonicus, a divergent member of Strigomonadinae, has been described. Herein, we characterize the genome of its endosymbiont, Candidatus Kinetoplastibacterium sorsogonicusi. This genome is completely syntenic with those of other known Ca. Kinetoplastibacterium spp., but more reduced in size (~742 kb, compared with 810–833 kb, respectively). Gene losses are not concentrated in any hot-spots but are instead distributed throughout the genome. The most conspicuous loss is that of the haem-synthesis pathway. For long, removing haemin from the culture medium has been a standard procedure in cultivating trypanosomatids isolated from insects; continued growth was considered as an evidence of endosymbiont presence. However, we demonstrate that, despite bearing the endosymbiont, K. sorsogonicus cannot grow in culture without haem. Thus, the traditional test cannot be taken as a reliable criterion for the absence or presence of endosymbionts in trypanosomatid flagellates. It remains unclear why the ability to synthesize such an essential compound was lost in Ca. K. sorsogonicusi, whereas all other known bacterial endosymbionts of trypanosomatids retain them.

Keywords

Endosymbiosisgenome evolutiongenome reductionhaem synthesisTrypanosomatidae.
Type
Special Issue Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 145 , Special Issue 10: Parasites and their (endo)symbiotic microbes , September 2018 , pp. 1287 - 1293
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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