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Vertebral lesions in Notiomastodon platensis, Gomphotheriidae, from Anolaima, Colombia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 October 2022

Catalina María Zorro-Luján Open the ORCID record for Catalina María Zorro-Luján [Opens in a new window] ,
Leslie F. Noè ,
Marcela Gómez-Pérez ,
Sandrine Grouard ,
Andrés Chaparro  and
Saúl Torres
Catalina María Zorro-Luján*
Affiliation:
Museo Geológico Nacional José Royo y Gómez, Dirección de Geociencias Básicas, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Diagonal 53 no. 34–53 Bogotá, Colombia
Leslie F. Noè
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 no. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
Marcela Gómez-Pérez
Affiliation:
Museo Geológico Nacional José Royo y Gómez, Dirección de Geociencias Básicas, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Diagonal 53 no. 34–53 Bogotá, Colombia
Sandrine Grouard
Affiliation:
Unitée Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7209, Archéozoologie–Archéobotanique Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements (AASPE), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN)–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 55 rue Buffon, CP 56, 75005 Paris, France
Andrés Chaparro
Affiliation:
Museo Geológico Nacional José Royo y Gómez, Dirección de Geociencias Básicas, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Diagonal 53 no. 34–53 Bogotá, Colombia
Saúl Torres
Affiliation:
Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 no. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
*
*Corresponding author at: Museo Geológico Nacional José Royo y Gómez, Dirección de Geociencias Básicas, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Diagonal 53 no. 34–53 Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail address: czorro@sgc.gov.co (C.M. Zorro-Luján).
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Abstract

Six vertebrae (one cervical, three articulated thoracic, and two lumbar) and an incomplete thoracic neural spine from a new late Pleistocene site at Anolaima, Cundinamarca, Colombia, are attributed to the extinct gomphothere (Elephantoidea, Proboscidea) Notiomastodon platensis. The preserved bones exhibit a range of alterations, including porosities, piercings, hollows, and deep bone lesions on the spinous process and the neural arch; asymmetrical zygapophyseal articulations; and osteoarthritic lesions. Diet, behaviour, ecological aspects, selective pressures, and disease have the potential to affect the bones, so the study of individual variations and palaeopathology provides important information for understanding aspects of the life of extinct organisms. Osteological anomalies in the Anolaima gomphothere are interpreted as the result of nutritional deficiencies in essential minerals caused by environmental stresses, possibly related to the palaeoenvironmental instability that characterized the late Pleistocene and that coincides with the age of the fossils. Excessive biomechanical loading on already weakened bones from locomotion through the uneven, upland terrain of the Anolaima region may have contributed to the pathologies. This palaeopathological analysis is the first for Colombian megafauna, and thereby broadens our knowledge of the health conditions of South American gomphotheres.

Keywords

PalaeopathologyVertebraeMegafaunaProboscideaGomphothereNotiomastodon platensisPleistoceneSouth AmericaColombiaExtinction
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 112 , March 2023 , pp. 78 - 92
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Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2022

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