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2285 results in Ebooks in ecology and environment

Page 40 of 115

Environmental Attitudes through Time
  • R. J. Berry
  • Published online:
    12 April 2018
    Print publication:
    26 April 2018
  • Our attitudes to our environment are widely and often acrimoniously discussed, commonly misunderstood, and will shape our future. We cannot assume that we behave as newly minted beings in a pristine garden nor as pre-programmed automata incapable of rational responsibility. Professor Berry has studied nature-nurture interactions for many years, and also been involved with many national and international decision making bodies which have influenced our environmental attitudes. He is therefore well-placed to describe what has moulded our present attitudes towards the environment. This book presents data and concepts from a range of disciplines - genetic, anthropological, social, historical and theological - to help us understand how we have responded in the past and how this influences our future. Beginning with a historical review and moving forwards to current conditions, readers will reach the end of this volume more capable and better prepared to make decisions which affect our communities and posterity.

  • 13 - Everyday Water Injustice and the Politics of Accommodation

  • from Part III - Exclusion and Struggles for Co-Decision
  • Edited by Rutgerd Boelens, Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands, Tom Perreault, Syracuse University, New York, Jeroen Vos, Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands
  • Book:
    Water Justice
    Published online:
    26 February 2018
    Print publication:
    15 March 2018, pp 246-258

  • Summary

    Scholars who focus on issues of water justice tend to emphasize the struggles involved in water access, variously emphasizing contestations over rights and distribution; rules; authority and representation; discourses and knowledge. However, I argue in this chapter that such a perspective can distort the analytical gaze towards conflictual events and processes and towards relationships of domination and resistance. Contestations over water are ubiquitous and the project of problematizing technical and managerial models of water distribution is an important contribution to water justice thinking. However I suggest that we also need to focus on how and why everyday relations of water access/distribution are so often characterized by acceptance, compromise, concessions and adjustment, and the overlooking of injustices. This draws us into the realm of explaining the nature of human agency, social life and the ways in which water arrangements become institutionalized. In the chapter I further reflect on the challenges of studying the non-occurrence of contestation rather than on more obvious manifestations of conflict and struggle.

  • 10 - Indigenous Peoples and Water Governance in Canada

  • from Part III - Exclusion and Struggles for Co-Decision
  • Edited by Rutgerd Boelens, Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands, Tom Perreault, Syracuse University, New York, Jeroen Vos, Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands
  • Book:
    Water Justice
    Published online:
    26 February 2018
    Print publication:
    15 March 2018, pp 193-209

  • Summary

    High rates of resource extraction in northern and western Canada are creating intense socio- environmental pressures on indigenous peoples’ traditional territories. Fresh water systems are particularly affected by mining, oil and gas extraction, and forestry. This, in turn, has significant impacts on indigenous communities, including compromised access to safe drinking water, threats to environmental water quality, and related livelihood and health issues. This chapter documents and analyses several clear instances of regulatory injustice within Canada’s colonial water governance framework. The authors first provide an overview of the legal and regulatory architecture of environmental and water governance in Canada, with specific examples of the disjuncture between colonial (Western) law and indigenous water laws. Next, the chapter presents examples of regulatory injustice in the province of British Columbia: the FITFIR (First in Time, First in Right) water rights regime; and the hydropower development consultation regime. The authors then explore current responses, focusing on the potential for indigenous water co-governance—concluding with some concrete suggestions for reform.

  • 7 - Making Space for the Cauca River in Colombia

  • from Part II - Hydrosocial De-Patterning and Re-Composition
  • Edited by Rutgerd Boelens, Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands, Tom Perreault, Syracuse University, New York, Jeroen Vos, Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands
  • Book:
    Water Justice
    Published online:
    26 February 2018
    Print publication:
    15 March 2018, pp 134-150

  • Summary

    This chapter analyzes how different meanings about wetlands clash in a flood control project that was initiated on the Cauca River in Colombia in response to a flood that affected 19 thousand families in 2010-2011. The conflict in this region is mainly between two types of wetland users: traditional Afro-Colombian farmers and industrial sugar cane growers. This conflict was translated into competing narratives about how to cope with the flooding that is correlated to discourses: the dominant modernist large scale engineering framing that privileges dams, levees and dikes to tame the river for agricultural production, and 2) ecological engineering-like perspectives that privilege biological corridors, flooded areas, and wetland restoration projects that focus on adapting to, and living with, the river. Dominant narratives about river and wetland meanings and management served the purpose of maintaining the status quo in the region while obscuring small traditional farmers’ uses and meanings around wetlands, as well as suppressing alternative solutions to cope with flooding events that benefit ecological and community interests.

  • 6 - “… And Not a Single Injustice Remains”: Hydro-Territorial Colonization and Techno-Political Transformations in Spain

  • from Part II - Hydrosocial De-Patterning and Re-Composition
  • Edited by Rutgerd Boelens, Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands, Tom Perreault, Syracuse University, New York, Jeroen Vos, Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands
  • Book:
    Water Justice
    Published online:
    26 February 2018
    Print publication:
    15 March 2018, pp 115-133
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  • Summary

    In this chapter, the authors explore how changing political visions, socio-cultural imaginaries and hydro techno-social configurations in 20th-century Spain interact with changing visions and practices of water justice. Spain’s hydrological condition was originally formulated around a naturalistic vision considering physical distribution of water and rainfall in Spain as unjust, requiring rectification through human intervention by promoting private sector initiatives. The relative failure of this liberal policy during the late 19th century shifted the gaze to the national State. Rectifying “unjust” water distribution became one of the key ideological support structures of Spain’s long fascist regime. The discursive framing shifted from considering absolute scarcity as the object-cause of an unjust hydro-social configuration to a focus on redistributing an unequally distributed resource. In the final part, the chapter examines the reworking of water justice in the transition to democracy. It concludes by suggesting that justice is in the eye of the beholder and makes a case for considering hydro-social equality as a politically more performative perspective.

  • 8 - Reconfiguration of Hydrosocial Territories and Struggles for Water Justice

  • from Part II - Hydrosocial De-Patterning and Re-Composition
  • Edited by Rutgerd Boelens, Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands, Tom Perreault, Syracuse University, New York, Jeroen Vos, Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands
  • Book:
    Water Justice
    Published online:
    26 February 2018
    Print publication:
    15 March 2018, pp 151-168

  • Summary

    This chapter explores hydrosocial territories as spatial-political configurations of people, institutions, water flows, hydraulic technology and bio-physical elements revolving around water control. Territorial politics confronts diverse actors whose spatial and political-geographical projects compete, superimpose and align their territorialization strategies in order to strengthen their water control claims. In practice, hydro-social territories that are imagined, planned or actually materialized, have functions, values and meanings that are different or even incommensurable for the parties involved. Conflicts over water governance, development and distribution therefore involve diverging regimes of representation, each aiming to conceptualize, arrange and materialize water realities in different and often mutually contradicting manners. Using a political ecology focus and providing illustrations from Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Turkey, this chapter discusses how such territorial reconfiguration projects may generate and stabilize profound water injustices, while movements’ struggles for techno-political re-composition may challenge dominant hydro-territorialization projects.

  • 12 - Uniting Diversity to Build Europe’s Right2Water Movement

  • from Part III - Exclusion and Struggles for Co-Decision
  • Edited by Rutgerd Boelens, Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands, Tom Perreault, Syracuse University, New York, Jeroen Vos, Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands
  • Book:
    Water Justice
    Published online:
    26 February 2018
    Print publication:
    15 March 2018, pp 226-245

  • Summary

    The European Citizens’ Initiative (ECI) “Right2Water” ran and collected 1.9 million signatures across Europe in 2012-2013, uniting cities and villages against water privatization. With that result it also became the first successful ECI, simultaneously building a Europe-wide movement and put the water issue high on the European political agenda. “Right2Water” proposed to implement the human right to water and sanitation in European legislation, as a strategic-political tool to fight privatization. Its struggle involved fundamental water quantity and quality distribution issues as well as the question of building a democratic political framework for organizing and defending public water services. The chapter examines how the ECI became successful from a point of awareness raising and a social movement perspective. The campaign united a huge diversity of organizations, in countries with very different conditions of water provision and degree of privatization of water utilities. The European Commission has been forced to subscribe to the principle that “water is a public good, not a commodity”. But, implementing such water justice notion is part of an ongoing socio-political struggle.

Page 40 of 115