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1211 results in Ebooks in petroleum sciences

Page 24 of 61

  • 17 - Fatigue of Grouted Connections

  • Inge Lotsberg
  • Book:
    Fatigue Design of Marine Structures
    Published online:
    05 March 2016
    Print publication:
    13 April 2016, pp 435-464

  • Summary

    Jacket Structures

    Background for Design Standards for Grouted Connections

    Cylindrical grouted connections between piles and jacket legs have a positive track record, stretching back over many years, in jacket structures in the oil and gas industry. In older jacket structures, the piles were driven through the jacket legs and then welded to the top of the legs. Grouting was performed by filling the space between the outer surface of the pile and the inner surface of the leg. The grout was made as mix between water and cement. This methodology was used for the first platforms installed in the North Sea in the 1970s. In these structures shear keys were not required in order to achieve sufficient structural capacity. Shear keys are understood to refer to circumferential weld beads on the outer surface of the pile and on the inside of the sleeve in the jacket structure, which increases the shear capacity of a grouted connection when the pile is subjected to axial loading. In older design recommendations from the American Petroleum Institute (API) (1977) and UK Department of Energy (1977), no explicit guidance was provided on how to determine the capacity when mechanical shear keys were used. However, these recommendations did allow the use of shear keys, and the following section is quoted from the UK Department of Energy document (1977):

    The following recommendations for design can be made:

    1. Mechanical shear keys should be used on both the sleeve and the pile surfaces and should be spaced uniformly along the length of the connection.

    2. Full-scale static tests (or reduced scale tests in which all geometries and material properties are accurately modelled) should be used as a basis for design.

    3. To determine long-term design bond strength from static ultimate load tests, a safety factor of at least 6 should be used to allow for unknown effects such as cycling loading, both during the grouting operation and in the long term, and offshore construction conditions.

    In the same document it was stated that the API specifications at the time were based on tests conducted on relatively small-diameter and radially stiff piles. Furthermore, it was noted that recent laboratory testing had indicated that there was a severe reduction in joint strength with large-diameter piles, such as those used for North Sea structures.

Rifts and Passive Margins
  • Structural Architecture, Thermal Regimes, and Petroleum Systems
  • Michal Nemčok
  • Published online:
    05 March 2016
    Print publication:
    02 March 2016
  • Rifts and passive margins are extremely important for the petroleum industry, as they are areas of high sedimentation and can contain significant oil and gas resources. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of rifts and passive margins as a whole. It synthesises in one volume the existing information devoted to specific aspects of these vitally important hydrocarbon habitats. This collection of state-of-the-art information on the topic facilitates the better use of this knowledge to assess the risks of exploring and operating in these settings and the development of systematic and predictive hydrocarbon screening tools. The book will be invaluable for a broad range of readers, from advanced geology students and researchers to exploration geoscientists to exploration managers exploring for and developing hydrocarbon resources in analogous settings.

Fatigue Design of Marine Structures
  • Inge Lotsberg
  • Published online:
    05 March 2016
    Print publication:
    13 April 2016
  • Fatigue Design of Marine Structures provides students and professionals with a theoretical and practical background for fatigue design of marine structures including sailing ships, offshore structures for oil and gas production, and other welded structures subject to dynamic loading such as wind turbine structures. Industry expert Inge Lotsberg brings more than forty years of experience in design and standards-setting to this comprehensive guide to the basics of fatigue design of welded structures. Topics covered include laboratory testing, S-N data, different materials, different environments, stress concentrations, residual stresses, acceptance criteria, non-destructive testing, improvement methods, probability of failure, bolted connections, grouted connections, and fracture mechanics. Featuring twenty chapters, three hundred diagrams, forty-seven example calculations, and resources for further study, Fatigue Design of Marine Structures is intended as the complete reference work for study and practice.

Page 24 of 61