Tumbas concludes her book by briefly focusing on two more examples, Nasta Rojc’s 1908 colored etching, Žena Spaja Kontinente (Woman Brings Together Continents), and Jasmina Cibic’s performance work, An Atmosphere of Joyful Contemplation (2019), to pay homage to Yugoslav women whose visual and performative politics change understanding of the gendered history of twentieth-century socialism and its relevance today. Tumbas theorizes Jugoslovenka is the bridging force of a multiethnic, transnational, and united socialist Yugoslavia; the embodiment of the interwoven cultural connections between the Habsburg (West) and Ottoman (East) empires in a newly formed, antifascist state; and is a challenge to the patriarchal foundations of socialism, war, and nationalism.

We briefly survey the state of the art for mean field games without entering any technical/mathematical details. We review both the existing mathematical results and the modeling toolbox. We also mention a few applications. After describing a new numerical approach, we conclude with a few perspectives.

This chapter discusses a multiplicity of Arthurs, all mirroring the complexity of contemporary Africa and the Middle East. Arthur is a familiar presence here in advertisements, video games, children’s books and popular films, but he is rarely found elsewhere. Interestingly, both Chaka and Saladin are sometimes positioned as local counters to Arthur, but later Arthurian references are more likely to be comic or satirical, except for allusions to the Grail legend. References to the latter are characteristic of Nashid Uruk, for instance, and it has been argued that Doris Lessing’s work also reveals a sustained pattern of Grail imagery. Other representations of Arthur are almost entirely negative, linking him to autocratic rule, class elitism, gender imbalance and armed violence; however, awareness of Sir Moriaen, the Moorish knight, seems to be resurging and this may at last allow the tales to move out of the oppressive shadow cast by European imperialism.

Chapter 1 provides a constructivist history of the great debate surrounding the Calvo doctrine, tracing the ways that jurists and diplomats invoked and attacked Calvo, and the ways participants sought to clothe their preferences in the language of universalism, while seeking to expose the particularist predilections of their rivals. This focus on the “historiographical Calvo,” as opposed to the “historical Calvo,” provides insight into the rhetorical strategies of the protagonists and antagonists of reformist projects in international law. This analysis of the “great debate” regarding the level of protection international law ought to offer foreign investors is structured by the transition between different institutional fora. Starting in 1889, the analysis begins with the first Pan-American Conference and concludes in 1965 with conclusion of the Convention establishing the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes. Unlike conventional accounts of the historical antecedents of what is, today, referred to as “international investment law,” Chapter 1 decenters the arbitral tribunal – the paradigmatic institution of modern investment law – from its ascribed place as the locus of legal development. Despite the indisputable importance of arbitral decisions, this chapter argues that the basic structure of arbitral dispute resolution predisposes historical accounts towards a depiction of Latin American “resistance” as a rear-guard action; ad-hoc, disaggregated, and reactive. Focusing on the advocacy of reform projects through collective institutional forums not only facilitates a more coherent history of those projects but offers greater utility in the context of the present volume on the contemporary prospects of Latin American resistance and accommodation.

This chapter parallels classical relative entropy with quantum analogs, exploring fidelity and state purification concepts.

This chapter examines an important but underappreciated episode in the history of the concept of concept, namely, its developments in the School of Brentano and early phenomenology. It discusses Brentano and his first students – Marty, Stumpf, Meinong, Twardowski and Husserl – as well as the students of these students, including those of Marty, such as Brod and Weltsch, and followers of Husserl, such as Pöll, Reinach and Stein. The chapter shows that these authors developed strongly systematic views about concepts, first by thoroughly exploring questions about the ontology, structure, semantics and acquisition of concepts, and second by showing how theoretical choices in one domain influence those in others. Their systematic approach is particularly well-developed in a central distinction in their theory of concepts, among ordinary concepts, scientific concepts and – for Husserl and his students – ‘pure’ concepts.

Anxieties around stable and unified human subjectivity, and the related emergence of a transformative or transformed abhuman, are central to gothic criticism. However, this approach takes the European male, universalised through Enlightenment humanism, as its normative subject, with (some) women, colonised others, and non-human nature as, therefore, abhuman and the epitome of the abject. This fcritiques the primitivist underpinnings of European constructions of the human, abject and the abhuman, and exposes plural modes of being evident in a world-gothic analysis of The Icarus Girl (Oyeyemi) and Freshwater (Emezi).

Deals with divine actions: are events in the world caused by divine interventions or by laws of nature? If both, which dominates? While some Jewish thinkers maintain that God is the only cause of anything, and that belief in other causes is a form of paganism or idolatry, others surprisingly endorse some form of naturalism (the idea that events in the world are brought about by natural causes). In the chapter I explore, through Jewish texts reasons that have been used to ground a theistic naturalist position.

Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) wrote about love throughout his brief but productive philosophical career. His most extended and focused treatment of this central topic is 1847’s two-part series of “deliberations” entitled Works of Love (Kjerlighedens Gjerninger). Works of Love had a controversial reception. Despite Kierkegaard’s specific intention that this book correct the impression he had left with readers that he did “not know anything about the social aspect of things” (KJN 4, NB:118/SKS 20, 86), critics nevertheless interpreted the text as being solipsistic, bitter, and hectoring. Notoriously panned by weighty judges, Works of Love was condemned by Theodor Adorno as “nothing less than the annihilation of love and the installment of sinister domination.” K. E. Løgstrup famously indicted the text as “a brilliantly thought out system of safeguards against being forced into a close relationship with other people.” Martin Buber similarly read Works of Love as precisely the opposite of a contribution to the understanding of humanity’s sociality but rather as a rejection of love for others in favor of love for God.

In a time of great contest and confusion over the future of democracy as a governing principle, the example of Abraham Lincoln continues to provide encouragement and direction about democracy’s viability in the face of immense challenges. In The Political Writings of Abraham Lincoln, Allen Guelzo brings into one volume Lincoln’s most famous political documents and speeches from his earliest days as a political candidate under the banner of the Whig Party, to his election and service as the first anti-slavery Republican president, from 1861 to 1865, and the nation’s leader in the fiery trial of civil war. While many anthologies of Lincoln’s political documents routinely concentrate on his presidential years or only on his anti-slavery writings, Guelzo concentrates on documents from Lincoln’s earliest political activity as an Illinois state legislator in the 1830s up through his presidency. The result is an accessible resource for students, researchers, and general readers.