Jon Stubbs engages with the complex relationship between the British and American film industries on multiple levels, demonstrating their dynamic but highly asymmetrical interaction through history, the resulting energetic cultural dialogue between the two nations, and the ways in which economic interests and government policy have influenced cultural representation. By examining the ways in which the national film industries grew intertwined in the interwar period, the impact of the First World War on Anglo-American film relations and alliance politics, and the postwar protectionist policies and internationalization of the movie business, Stubbs analyzes the ways in which the long unequal relationship between the US and UK film industries has nevertheless left the nations financially and culturally entangled.

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book provides an introduction to the English legal system and its development during the period c 1215-1485. It considers the theoretical and ideological aspects of medieval law and justice, examining the concepts and discourses to be found in official and non-official circles. The book concentrates on manifestations of crime and disorder and the royal response to this in the form of the development of judicial institutions. It looks at the dispensation of justice both inside and outside the courtroom. The book examines in detail the machinery and functioning of criminal justice both in the royal courts and in those autonomous areas exercising delegated powers. It focuses on the personnel of justice, the justices of the central courts and the local officials who carried out the day-to-day administrative tasks.

One of the difficulties we face is how to characterize the current regime headed by Narendra Modi, which has won back-to-back victories in three elections (2014–2024). The terminology within which we understand the regime is important, as what to expect from the regime flows from its nature and how to resist it will emerge from an understanding of its character. What is apparent about the regime is its pronounced authoritarianism, with the regime increasingly unaccountable to any constitutional authority.

The Spanish political scientist Juan Linz called such regimes, in which the leader has arbitrary and unlimited discretion, ‘sultanist’ and a species of authoritarianism. Linz (2000, p. 259) defines an authoritarian regime as ‘ruler-centred’ where the

What ‘sultanism’ implies is captured indelibly by Girish Karnad in his play Tughlaq. Karnad captures Mohammad Bin Tughlaq, who embodied this form of arbitrary and whimsical decision-making, be it the decision to issue currency in brass or the decision to shift the capital to Daulatabad. Clearly, the Modi regime has ‘sultanist’ characteristics, based on the personalized and arbitrary decision-making which characterizes the regime.

Chapter 2 tells the story of how ethnicity came to be known in Kenya through territory, providing an overview of the history of ethnic territorial boundary drawing from its inception with the first colonial administration, to today. The principal motivation for the earliest hard boundaries between purportedly homogenous ethnic groups was to free up land for white settlement and capital accumulation. After independence, the administrative boundaries of provinces and districts were deliberately retained, and ethnic patterns of land settlement were engineered. With multi-party elections in the 1990s, these established ‘ethnic territories’ motivated electoral gerrymandering, the most significant postcolonial driver of ethnic territorialisation. All these practices cemented a profound connection between land, boundaries, identity, rights, power, and security. I show how the 2010 constitution worked within this paradigm, too, but in novel ways that moved toward vagueness to manage the inflammatory, grievance-based politics tethered to boundary drawing in Kenya. In doing so, I show how ethnic territorial population concentration today is less certain than commonly imagined.

Theatre depicts the way the socio-climate of so it reads Theatre depicts the way the socio-climate of drought intenstified in Australia as settler farmers drought intensified in Australia as settler farmers cleared land to plant imported food crops and, in particular, rain-dependent wheat. Local ecologies were drastically changed by colonial occupation. Dryness and dust increased where there had previously been the biodiverse sources of food depicted in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander First Nations (First Nations) performance and drama. Different meanings for meanings for home and homeland exemplify the genocidal conflict between First Nations Country and settler farmsteads. Plays by, for example, Noongar writer Jack Davis and the pre-eminent Dorothy Hewett feature ecologies drastically altered by wheat farming in conjunction with oppressive race and gender relations. Drama about mining similarly shows a combination of ecological damage and social inequity. As Jill Orr performs in a vast monocrop of wheat and amidst gypsum mine waste, her bird-like action evokes in a vast monocrop field of wheat grief over an ecocidal loss of multispecies habitats.

Medicine as a discipline is constantly changing. Interprofessional collaboration is on the rise, requiring more complex teamwork and communication skills. There are still steep professional hierarchies and discrimination and harassment commonly occur. While most perpetrators are senior medical staff, doctors in training also experience these behaviours from other health workers, patients and their families. Unfortunately, learners are also exposed to other forms of occupational violence. The formal curriculum codifies professionalism into competency skills which can be taught and examined, but it is the hidden curriculum, shaped by experience, that instils professional attitudes and values. Many attempts have been made to reduce the risk of sexual harm, including training learners to recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour, but none have ensured a psychologically safe workplace for all doctors. In this chapter, we explore the role of medical training in shaping the culture of medicine. Doctors in training are still developing their professional identities, and their experiences in training shape the way they work, and who they aspire to be as a professional. Without a vocabulary to discuss their discomforts and emotional needs, junior doctors are left isolated and vulnerable, hidden in a culture of silence.

This chapter introduces the three major themes of the book: relative clauses, Proto-Indo-European and syntax.

Medicine is a highly complex profession which requires students to acquire a broad range of competencies. Apart from knowledge and kinaesthetic skills, they must also become proficient in the art of medicine, learning to communicate effectively in different clinical and social environments. This is not a simple task for the learners, and it requires deep educational competencies from the senior colleagues and peers involved in clinical training. Medical training predominantly occurs in healthcare workplaces, which are socio-culturally diverse. Doctors in training need to balance the need to learn with service obligations, whilst navigating each workplace’s cultural norms and this can be a significant challenge.

Medical educators modify the risks of sexual harassment by leading initiatives around professionalism. This includes developing professionalism curriculum, teaching and assessing professionalism competencies, managing learning environments, and leading teaching teams. In this chapter, we examine the role of medical education in teaching, assessing and remediating interpersonal competencies and attitudes. In doing so, we recognise different forms of power, conscious and unconscious, and propose strategies for understanding and managing risk.

This chapter is dedicated to the study of the total variation flow on the whole space. In order to use the Anzellotti pairings and the Gauss-Green formula introduced in Chapter 4, we suppose that the metric space is complete, separable, equipped with a doubling measure, and that it supports a weak Poincaré-type inequality. The total variation flow in this setting is understood as the gradient flow of the 1-Cheeger energy, which (as shown by Ambrosio and Di Marino) is convex and lower semicontinuous with respect to L2 convergence; then, the Brezis–Komura theorem guarantees the existence of a unique strong solution. We now provide a characterisation of the subdifferential of the 1-Cheeger energy, introduce the notion of weak solution to the total variation flow based on this characterisation, and prove their existence and uniqueness. We also comment on the asymptotic behaviour of weak solutions and introduce a notion of entropy solutions for initial data in L1 under the assumption that the measure of the space is finite.

This chapter gives an overview of perinatal mental health services in Asia, Africa and South America. These are areas where service delivery, training and funding in perinatal mental health remain a major challenge. Investing in perinatal mental health services is vital for any country to ensure physical and mental well-being of mothers and the upcoming generations.