This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book analyses the role of strategic EU institutional actors, in particular the European Commission, in the process of constructing an 'Area of Freedom, Security and Justice' (AFSJ). It argues that the EU policies on counter-terrorism, asylum and border management, and the institutional arrangements in these areas, are the expression of a political process attempting to construct such an 'area' for different political communities by ensuring their security from external security threats. The book demonstrates how the concept of political entrepreneurship has been increasingly reinterpreted by scholars such as Andrew Moravcsik in order to dismiss the notion of the EU institutions' capacity to act as supranational policy entrepreneurs (SPE).

In using Annius's pseudo-Berosus legend of Samothes to politicise his Old Arcadia, Sir Philip Sidney appears to be unique among creative writers of the European Renaissance. Sidney uses erotic romance to demonstrate how all sense of political and social responsibility can be eroded by passion. Sidney and Hubert Languet were selective monarchomachists. While neither was motivated by Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible's savagery in Russia, both shared William of Orange's objection to Spanish Catholic tyranny, brutally enforced in the Netherlands. In 1590 Ponsonby published Fulke Greville's edition of the long, substantially revised first section of Sidney's working papers, referred to as the New Arcadia. In the New Arcadia, Sidney delicately develops the interplay between Philoclea's emotions. The symbolism of Philoclea's smock is both self-referential and directed at the reader.

This chapter is devoted to a political figure, Bernadette McAliskey. As Bernadette Devlin, she came to world-wide prominence as one of the leaders of the civil rights movement in Northern Ireland in the late 1960s and she remains an important republican, socialist and feminist activist. Drawing on her early autobiography, interviews and a selection of key speeches delivered over the course of her career, the chapter argues that her accounts of family, community and nation are in some regards strikingly different from those of female writers and artists from the Republic of Ireland. The chapter concludes with a discussion of this material focused on ideas of home, the state and incarceration.

The words ‘liberty’ or ‘freedom’ feature in forty-three poems in this collection, indicative of the centrality of this theme to the radical discourse of the day. In an era of almost unprecedented repression and the curtailment of rights, working people wished to rid themselves of their chains and reclaim their lost liberties, as a way of asserting English nationalism in the face of a ‘foreign’ monarchy.The twelve poems and songs in this section celebrate both the forthcoming return of liberty, presented as a goddess, and Henry Hunt as liberty’s human representative. The restoration of liberty as an end to slavery is a common trope within English radical discourse and poems often depict the radical patriot endeavouring to rescue his country from an imposed and unnatural tyranny and return it to its true state of liberty; however, this trope predates the era of revolution when such rhetoric was common currency and this section explores the prevalence of the theme of liberty in the mid-eighteenth century and the subsequent influence of William Collins and Thomas Gray on the poems in this collection. The introduction also seeks to explain the lack of references to the transatlantic slave trade in these poems at a time when the issue of rights was at the fore. It includes poems written by Samuel Bamford and the Spencean Robert Wedderburn.

The chapter presents an empirically original account of the evolution of UK Labour Party international development policy, and Africa’s place within that, in the Party’s years of opposition from 2010–17. The chapter explores the significant processes of policy development which took place during these years and draws on archival research and interviews with key politicians. It argues that the Party has used the Sustainable Development Goals and a renewed focus on inequality to move policy beyond the Blair–Brown era. The chapter identifies constraints on this policy rethinking, including internal party politics and processes, rapid turnovers of shadow secretaries of state and an increasingly hostile external environment. Continuing tensions in policy remain to be resolved if Labour is to meet the challenge of developing an effective left-of-centre policy programme for Africa.

This chapter examines the inter-relationship of sport and diplomacy with specific reference to the 1960 Winter Olympic Games (held in Squaw Valley, California). More specifically, it evaluates State Department involvement in the ongoing issue of the recognition of the ‘two Chinas’ during the Cold War, with specific reference to international sport. Despite long-standing official non-involvement in international sporting matters, hosting the 1960 Games focused US diplomatic attention on the opportunities and problems presented by the Olympics within the wider Cold War. Crucially, the State Department extended considerable behind-the-scenes efforts both before and during the Squaw Valley Games in an attempt to ensure Nationalist Chinese participation. Overall, this chapter demonstrates that, despite claims of non-involvement, the State Department specifically utilised international sport – and particularly the Olympics – as a tool of diplomacy during the Cold War. This was drawn into particularly sharp focus when the Games were being hosted on American soil, as they were in Squaw Valley in 1960.

This chapter summarizes how the soliloquy helps the speaker approach his soul and meditate on its condition in Donne’s Holy Sonnets. The soliloquy is based on a double perspective: a speaker is confronted with his soul and talks to it, and he is affected as an anguished soul and talks to himself. The effect of this doubling is personification, which helps him express psychological urgency. The soliloquy thus turns out to establish a connection between religious self-assurance of redemption and the psychology of the speaker. Donne’s perpetual reference to drama through allusion and the communicative situation makes the Holy Sonnets extraordinary in their poetic quality. Donne’s speaker explores the condition of the soul, and, in this exploration, comes to know not only himself but also God.

After the rise of the studio system in the early 1920s, there was a gradual erosion of the film director's authority, and the producer was now securely in place as the key functionary. An example of the studio system's pragmatic approach is exemplified by the occasional practice of replicating a film, which saved costs on costume designing and music scoring and recording. One aspect to the studio system that was central to its evaluation procedure was the universal dependence on the preview. Making films inside the factory-oriented studio system required that they should be made within the time allocated, and the measure of this was the amount of cut footage that could be produced in a single day's filming. The shooting and editing principles that evolved through the 1930s, particularly with regard to the editing of dialogue, determined largely how sound films would be edited internationally from that point on.

Evidence seems to suggest that 1903 marked a watershed in the development of editing principles and film structure. Poaching Affray marks a kind of transition between the episodic form, with its roots in the lantern slide show, and the move towards a sophisticated film continuity. The excitement lay in those scenes which maintained a continuous time flow across adjacent aspects of a single event. A film of particular significance which constructs a narrative by carrying action across different scenes to produce an unbroken continuity is Rescued by Rover, directed by Lewis Fitzhamon who joined the Hepworth Manufacturing Company early in 1905. Nöel Burch has directed attention also to the significance of the emblematic shot which appeared regularly at the beginning or end of films between 1903 and 1906.

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book presents a critical framework to interrogate the way in which religious feminists have employed women's literature in their texts. It begins by establishing the ways in which a gendered complementarity is assumed to exist between literature and the logocentric discourses of theology and philosophy. The book employs gender as a lens through which to examine the way that literature and theology have been related in contemporary debate. It considers the reasons why many feminist theologians have displayed a resistance to use poststructuralist theory in their reading of female-authored literary texts. The book argues for a greater openness towards the insights of poststructuralist theory in order to create alternative patterns of engagement between women's literature and feminist theology.

On 22 January 1980, in what the Irish Times called the 'biggest demonstration of organised labour in the history of the state', an estimated 700,000 people participated in trade union marches across the Republic. They were demanding reform of the state's tax regime. Later that year, Tim Pat Coogan lamented that 'more people marched to get the PAYE system changed in a few days than the North brought onto the streets in ten years'. Indeed, the previous year 150,000 people in Dublin had taken part in one of the first tax marches. The perception of southern self-interest being far more powerful than solidarity with nationalists was a strong one. Republicans have sometimes asserted that without censorship the south would have risen in their support. The mirror image of that belief is that without Section 31 the public would have blindly followed the IRA.