Marketing AI products demands a new psychological playbook, where “vibes” and perceptual fluency drive user trust and adoption. The chapter traces how branding, personalization, and behavioral economics principles intersect with AI-driven products. Case studies – from Tropicana’s branding failure to Coke’s fluency-driven success and McDonald’s disappearing menus – illustrate the risks of violating consumer expectations. Drawing on loss aversion, framing, and persuasion science, the authors show how marketers can align AI experiences with user psychology, balancing novelty and ease. The chapter emphasizes that intuitive, narrative-rich marketing is essential for building credibility and fluency in an AI-powered age.

The author tracks his political journey from being a sceptical Remainer in 2016 to a persuaded Brexiteer in 2026. On economics, he accepts that Brexit has damaged Britain’s trade in goods and rate of economic growth in the short term – although not nearly as much as Remainer fearmongers prophesied. Yet, he reckons that loss will be more than compensated for in the long term by Brexit-freedoms to make trade agreements that open the likes of India up to British services, and to exploit artificial intelligence’s technological potential within a lighter, more flexible regulatory regime. However, the main reasons for the author’s conversion are constitutional. Brexit restores sovereignty to the British government, empowering it to address politically destabilising issues such as the control of the rate of immigration. It will allow Britain to withdraw from the European Convention of Human Rights, which is necessary to retrieve legislative power from unelected courts and restore it to Parliament. It renders Scottish independence even more economically irrational than it already is. And it thereby helps to make less likely the disintegration of the United Kingdom, which would weaken the West at a time when it needs to keep all its pillars standing strong.

Machines are becoming more autonomous and intelligent, capable of making decisions and interacting with their environment. As they become more ubiquitous in our daily lives, it becomes increasingly important to understand and model their behaviour. This chapter will discuss the concept of machine behaviour and its importance in various fields, including artificial intelligence, robotics and human–computer interaction. The chapter starts by defining machine behaviour and providing an overview of its key characteristics. It will then explore the different approaches to modelling and understanding machine behaviour, including rule-based systems, statistical models and deep learning techniques. The chapter also covers the challenges and limitations of modelling machine behaviour, including the black box problem, interpretability and ethics. It also focuses on the applications of machine behaviour in various domains, such as autonomous vehicles, robotics and cybersecurity. The chapter will highlight how machine behaviour models can help in improving the performance, safety and security of these systems. The chapter discusses the future of machine behaviour and its potential impact on society. The chapter will explore the ethical implications of autonomous machines, including issues of responsibility, accountability and transparency. It will also discuss the need for interdisciplinary research in machine behaviour.

On the surface, behavioural data science and physics seem to be two disparate fields of research. However, a closer examination of problems solved by them reveals that they are uniquely related to one another. Exemplified by the theories of quantum mind, cognition and decision-making, this unique relationship serves as the topic of this chapter. Surveying the current academic journal papers and scholarly monographs, we present an alternative vision of the role of quantum mechanics in the modern studies of human perception, behaviour and decision-making. To that end, we mostly aim to answer the ‘how’ question, deliberately avoiding complex mathematical concepts but developing a technically simple computational code that the readers can modify to design their own quantum-inspired models. We also present several practical examples of the application of the computation code and outline several plausible scenarios, where quantum models based on the proposed do-it-yourself model kit can help understand the differences between the behaviour of individuals and social groups.

The quantum mechanics of a single electron in a central potential leads to classification of the one-electron states in terms of four quantum numbers. The individual electrons’ spin and orbital angular momenta are coupled in an isolated many-electron ion to give total spin and orbital quantum numbers S and L. Spin-orbit coupling then operates to split the energy levels into a series of J-multiplets, the lowest of which is specified by Hund’s rules. Curie-law susceptibility, χ = C /T, is calculated for a general value of J. When placed in a solid, the ion experiences a crystal field due to the charge environment which disturbs the spin-orbit coupling, leaving either S or J as the appropriate quantum number. The crystal field modifies the structure of the lowest MS or MJ magnetic sublevels which are split by the Zeeman interaction and it introduces single-ion anisotropy.

This chapter provides a collective portrait of the women in the family of the Northern Song statesman, Han Qi, based on Han’s funerary biographical work. Part one introduces Han the biographer and provides an overview of the women he recorded. This is followed by an examination of the Han women as female prototypes and individuals of unique talents and distinctive personalities. While these women were depicted as feminine exemplars, none of them appeared “faceless,” nor were they lauded for simply performing their designated domestic tasks. In addition to fulfilling their familial roles and duties, each woman navigated unique circumstances and showcased a diverse range of talents and personalities. Han Qi the biographer showed no reservations in expressing his affection for these women, acknowledging their contributions to the family, admiring their abilities and accomplishments, and mourning their loss. In addition to offering a close look at three generations of women in one scholar-official family, this chapter delves into Han Qi’s representation of female virtue and ability in the context of his emotional life and family preservation project.

The narrative that America was founded by British religious refugee immigrants in search of a place to freely establish their New Israel, a city on a hill, is mired in historical revisionism and uncritically taught in school curricula that has legitimized the policy of removing ‘uncivilized’ Native peoples to allow for the settlement of ‘the empty land’ by superior ‘civilized’ white European settlers. The religious justification for the well-documented illiberal, illegal, and immoral behavior of government dealings with Native Americans has, in general, been ignored because it does not comport with a benevolent (patriotic) interpretation of American identity, an identity that was largely constructed in the first decades of the nineteenth century and has persisted to the present day. The myth that the United States is a Christian nation is not only a fabrication; its continued existence poses an actual danger to the health and survival of the American experiment, an experiment that is based on secular principles of equal justice under law and the strict separation of church and state in all aspects of state functions, policies, and powers.

This chapter explores the concept of a lexicon, introduces the notion of the mental lexicon, and raises the question of how we decide what the set of words are that are in a language. It then moves to a focus on borrowing as a lexical source in the history of Chinese, analyzing borrowings in terms of (1) the time period; (2) the contact situation; (3) the mechanism of borrowing; (4) the morphological structure of the borrowed words. Finally, recent changes in the Mandarin lexicon driven by social media and the internet are described and analyzed.

This chapter begins with a discussion of electability and how beliefs about it vary importantly across the party. It examines how many chairs wanted to reject Trump as the nominee precisely because they worried about his electability, then exploring the link between a rejection of electability concerns and a belief in voter fraud claims about the 2020 presidential elections. It then examines a particular test of electability beliefs: the role that the four waves of criminal indictments against Trump in 2023 played in affecting support for him. While these indictments may have hurt Trump modestly among independent voters, they seemed to trigger a rally effect for Republican chairs and voters, who rushed to defend their embattled leader. Trump, it seems, would have prevailed even if none of those indictments had occurred, but they did catalyze support for him and likely sped up his consolidation of backers.

‘Liveability’ is an important and well-recognised term applied across large cities worldwide and highly relevant to key international policy agendas including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, the application of urban or city-centric liveability in regional and rural communities remains contested. This chapter will explore the understanding of liveability in regional and remote contexts across Australia, focusing on the development of new spatial methods to measure and assess liveability in regional and rural towns across the state of Victoria in south-eastern Australia. The chapter will explain the research context, partnership development, spatial methodologies, and indicators developed and applied to measure liveability, knowledge translation, and lessons learned from the research. This work has become increasingly relevant post-COVID-19 with a surge in ‘tree-change’ and ‘sea-change’ migration to regional Victoria and elsewhere across Australia. Data for mapping rural and regional liveability are urgently needed to inform policies to protect regional amenity and character

Coming in the wake of the ‘heroic’ 1790s, the 1800s may seem the ‘fen of stagnant waters’ described in William Wordsworth’s ‘London 1802’. This essay instead treats the decade as one of political abeyance, a pause of sorts when inchoate forces that would come to shape the liberal politics of the nineteenth century were gathering beneath the surface. Its title draws upon a letter William Roscoe wrote supporting Catholic Emancipation in 1805, one of many emergent causes that did not succeed until the late 1820s. From this perspective, the essay reassesses the familiar story of the re-orientation of Wordsworth and Coleridge, the re-invigoration of London radicalism, and the less-remarked emergence of the poet and publisher James Montgomery, whose case history testifies to the new energies of English provincial opinion that opposed the government’s war policy, supported the abolition of the slave trade, and fostered the talents of women writers.

This chapter examines the career of Wei Liaoweng, a Southern Song official and Neo-Confucian scholar, to explore the multifaceted roles and responsibilities of local administrators during a period of political turbulence and social transformation. It investigates how he navigated overlapping identities while negotiating between ideological commitments and the practical demands of governance. Although Wei devoted significant effort to fortifying local defenses and securing revenue, his administration was far from purely extractive. He worked to alleviate the economic burdens of local residents, developed water management systems, promoted education by building academies and supporting government schools, and implemented social welfare and public health programs. Wei’s Neo-Confucian convictions informed an activist vision of governance that emphasized community building and collaboration between local officials and literati. His career illustrates the dynamic interplay between intellectual and political life, the integration of state and local initiatives, and the critical role of personal networks in sustaining effective local administration.

In this chapter, the might of analogical change is in focus. It exemplifies and explains the several kinds of analogy: proportional analogy, folk etymology, hypercorrection, and so on. Readers come to understand how sound change and analogy are interrelated, that sound changes. Although sound changes are regular in their application, they often create irregularities in related forms, as in mouse/mice or in ride/rode/ridden; analogical change often eliminates the irregularities, for example, changing strive/strove/striven to strive/strived/strived for many speakers of English.

We often conceive of objects as fixing us – and themselves – in time and space. We place them by their dates, materials, manufacturers, and other markers of origin. Yet exemplary narratives from the eighteenth century – such as “it-narratives” that imagined material objects as sentient protagonists – prioritize objects in motion. Accordingly, this chapter attends to moveable goods and what their circulation unveils about the slipperiness and unknowability of material culture. It tackles mobile material culture from three intersecting perspectives: material culture’s multidisciplinary terrains; the movements of objects across and within cultures; the movements of objects between the material and the literary. In addition to foregrounding how circulation might enrich the multidisciplinary study of material culture, it examines the key role of the cultural and geographic movement of literary and fashionable things across a global eighteenth century. Rather than fixing what we know about objects in provenance and place, this chapter highlights how objects might unmoor us and invites us to rethink rigid disciplinary categories.

This chapter explores the legal framework governing dissolution and insolvency within the European Union, focusing on harmonization efforts through directives and regulations. It analyses key concepts such as jurisdiction, insolvency definitions and cross-border coordination, highlighting landmark cases like Eurofood IFSC Ltd, which shaped the interpretation of insolvency jurisdiction under EU law. The chapter discusses creditor protection, debtor rights and procedural challenges in insolvency and dissolution processes. By reviewing reforms and national practices, it emphasizes the ongoing development of a coherent EU insolvency regime that balances efficiency, legal certainty and market stability across Member States.