The chapter describes the case of a 45-year-old male with stage 3 HIV who presents to the ED with fever, shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and nonbloody diarrhea. The patient exhibits tachycardia, hypoxia, and a warm, diaphoretic appearance. Initial actions include oxygen supplementation, IV fluids, and labs. The patient is diagnosed with HIV pneumonia, likely Pneumocystis jirovecipneumonia (PCP), and is treated with antibiotics and steroids. Early recognition of fever and hypoxia, along with respiratory isolation, is critical to prevent sepsis. Tests ordered should include CBC, electrolytes, liver function tests, urinalysis and culture, blood cultures, and CXR. Focal infiltrates suggest bacterial pneumonia, while a diffuse interstitial or perihilar, granular pattern on CXR is associated with PCP. Steroids should be given to patients with a partial pressure of arterial oxygen <70 mmHg or an alveolar–arterial gradient of >35 mmHg.

This chapter examines the discourse of religious belief in Latin epic of the first century CE. The first section advances a methodological case for the value of high-register poetry as evidence for Roman thinking about religious belief. Building on the model of Charles King, the argument highlights the implications of the literary evidence for key theoretical debates about belief. The second section consists of a series of case studies demonstrating Roman imperial epic’s interest in the role of empiricism in shaping beliefs about the divine. Human testing of the gods features especially prominently in Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Statius’ Thebaid: how to recognise a deity, whether a mortal can perform the same acts as a god, what qualities distinguish the human from the divine. Using Ovid’s Lycaon and Niobe and Statius’ Capaneus as paradigms of a broader phenomenon, the chapter shows how Latin epic develops both a vocabulary and behavioural code of theological scrutiny, which subjects divinity to rigorous examination by mortals as a method of grounding belief. The motivations for this poetic line of inquiry can be traced not only to philosophical discourse but also to contemporary practices of emperor cult and deification.

In this chapter, we will introduce the main acceleration methods. We will explain each method in more detail in the following chapters. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of acceleration methods.

How do you become a creative, successful, and hopefully, happy psychologist? We have studied psychological scientists who have become eminent in their field (Sternberg, 2016). We draw upon what we have learned in this chapter. In particular, the chapter draws from the list of characteristics that typify psychological scientists who make it to the top. Most of these characteristics apply to practicing psychologists as well. We have supplemented the list with characteristics especially important for practicing psychologists. We hope you find the list useful to you in developing your career, whatever that career may be!

Chapter 7 builds on, while in some ways reversing, the analysis in Chapter 6. It examines the thirty-nine surviving letters from Keats to Fanny Brawne from the perspective of their distancing function. Keats’s often distinctly fraught and sometimes emotionally coercive letters and notes to Fanny mostly date from the summer and early autumn of 1819, when he was away from London on a writing retreat, and from February to March 1820, when he was living right next door to the Brawne family at Wentworth Place in Hampstead but was often too unwell to see her. The chapter considers Keats’s love letters as informed and even instructed by the writers he happens to be reading (especially Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Philip Massinger), arguing that what he is reading can itself distance the writer from his recipient as much as bring the two together: Keats’s epistolary intertextuality itself distances him from the object of his desire.

Ludwig’s angina is often caused by a dental infection and can potentially develop into an airway emergency. Patients may present with a toothache, submandibular swelling, or elevation or protrusion of the tongue. The principles of early antibiotics, close airway monitoring, and surgical consultation are important in the early management of Ludwig’s angina. In some cases of Ludwig’s angina the airway can become compromised very quickly. ED providers and surgical consultants should be prepared with advanced airway strategies in these patients. Although imaging may be helpful in the diagnosis of Ludwig’s angina, ultimately this is a clinical diagnosis.

This chapter continues the discussion of eighteenth-century representations of Lady Macbeth as a monstrous wife and mother, examining how this was depicted in a series of paintings that portray Lady Macbeth as dominating and exerting control over her timid spouse. After the French Revolution, British caricaturists cast Jacobin sympathizers as the witches in Macbeth, and visual artists such as Johan Zoffany, Henry Fuseli and William Blake invoked the figure of the witch to fuel fears regarding dangerous female sexuality and the horrific consequences of giving women social and political power. Mary Wollstonecraft, who embodied these fears for Fuseli and Blake, along with Germaine de Staël and Sarah Siddons, responded by emphasizing the psychological elements of Macbeth and representing Lady Macbeth as a sympathetic character.

Bieral’s enlistment in the US Navy during the Panic of 1837 marked his transition from urban rowdy to global adventurer. Serving aboard the U.S.S. Columbia, he participated in a diplomatic and punitive expedition across Asia and the Pacific, including a retaliatory assault on Sumatran villages. The chapter details the brutal discipline aboard naval vessels, highlighting the normalization of corporal punishment and racial integration among sailors. Bieral’s promotion and survival amid disease and violence underscore his resilience. The voyage exemplifies the intersection of nationalism, violence, and racial fluidity.

Nationally, chest pain is one of the most common presenting chief complaints for emergency department visits. The differential diagnosis should be broad and interpreted through the lens of a thorough history and physical exam. Sympathomimetic drugs, such as cocaine, can serve as both an acute cause of pain due to associated cardiac ischemia resulting from coronary vasospasm, and an independent risk factor for development of coronary artery disease in the setting of prolonged use. Rapid acquisition of an EKG is vital to identify potential acute cardiac ischemia, and aspirin remains a mainstay of treatment. Due to potential unopposed α-agonism, β-blockers are typically avoided for hypertensive crisis in cocaine chest pain, and one should consider alternatives, such as IV phentolamine.

This volume gathers the contributions of founders, experts, and practitioners of supergravity celebrating the 50th anniversary of its birth, discussing the history of the field and its modern applications to high-energy physics, mathematics, particle physics, and cosmology. Since its discovery in the mid-1970s, fully understanding its symmetries and structures, the physical implications, permitted generalizations, and the connections with other theories have been highly nontrivial challenges. Whether supergravity will be proven true by experiments or will remain a mathematical framework, the theory is elegant, intriguing, rich, and entertaining. Many agree that it will continue to be an inspiration and theoretical laboratory for quantum gravity, as well as an intellectual achievement that expresses the highest levels of human creativity in our effort to understand the cosmos and its rules. Current and future practitioners, and historians of science, will value both the comprehensive history and future perspectives of the field within.