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11967 results in Cambridge Handbooks

Page 575 of 599

  • Chapter 17 - Perpetual Uncertainty of Cultural Life

  • from Part IV - Symbolic resources for the constitution of experience
  • Edited by Jaan Valsiner, Clark University, Massachusetts, Alberto Rosa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Sociocultural Psychology
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    04 June 2007, pp 362-372

  • Summary

    The best method to fight myths and legends about biological and cultural evolution of primate species is through interdisciplinary studies and discussions. One of the myths the author can find in archaeology and paleoanthropology manuals is the one related to the Homo faber concept. It would be strange that, facing similar ecological conditions, forest hominids had renounced the advantages of the instrumental behavior only because of being pre-humans. This instrumental behavior could have been even more frequent than in the case of chimpanzees, given the advantages of bipedalism (in the forest as in savannah) for manipulating and transporting tools. He thinks that the generalization about the first lithic industries as being a consequence of a higher intelligence in the human genus should be qualified and contrasted with the paleoecological conditions of East Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene. This chapter talks about when hominids started making camps at ground level.

  • Chapter 19 - “Myself, the Project”

  • from Part IV - Symbolic resources for the constitution of experience
  • Edited by Jaan Valsiner, Clark University, Massachusetts, Alberto Rosa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Sociocultural Psychology
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    04 June 2007, pp 404-420

  • Summary

    Psychology seemed to be condemned to be always searching for an object. This chapter devotes to the presentation of a résumé of Peirce's semiotic logic. The psychological status of the interpretant is dependent of the semiosis to which it belongs. The experience examined in the chapter is an enactive experience, it is the experience that presents the world, it is the experience that results from alive movement that produces the development of an agent and its change into actor. At the same time that the environment becomes intelligible, changes into a meaningful Umwelt where the organism learns what to do, so that its behavior follows a rationale. It is the kind of experience that exist before communication and language comes to the scenery. The chapter dwells on how movement turns in action, and the latter into actuations, so that meaningful objects, situations and the lived Umwelt can appear.

  • Chapter 26 - Culture and Social Representations

  • from Part VI - From social culture to personal culture
  • Edited by Jaan Valsiner, Clark University, Massachusetts, Alberto Rosa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Sociocultural Psychology
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    04 June 2007, pp 543-559

  • Summary

    A person using a symbolic resource is a person using a novel, a film, a picture, a song, or a ritual, to address an unfamiliar situation in her everyday life. This chapter sketches the historical background of the notion of symbolic resource, and highlights its potential for socio-cultural psychology. It gives a model for the analysis of uses of symbolic resources. The chapter shows how symbolic resources participate to psychological development because of their mediation of three basic psychological processes: intentionality, inscription in time, and distancing. It explains that the symbolic systems and artefacts have as major property the fact that they encapsulate human meaning and experience; people are constantly striving for meaning, especially in moments of change. However, it appears that social sciences are still unable to account for how cultural tools participate in people's personal meaning making, and emotional elaboration as part of psychic transformation.

  • Chapter 24 - Money as a Cultural Tool Mediating Personal Relationships

  • from Part V - From society to the person through culture
  • Edited by Jaan Valsiner, Clark University, Massachusetts, Alberto Rosa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Sociocultural Psychology
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    04 June 2007, pp 508-523

  • Summary

    This chapter disentangles experience, beliefs, consciousness, and the real by producing a narrative essay about the natural history of their evolution. It examines how communication in hierarchically organized groups offers the possibility for the production of conventional symbols, and so opens the path for humanization. The chapter then explores how conventional symbols come to appear, so that a subjective representation of situations can be taken to be real. The chapter describes the examination of how beliefs develop from dramatic actuations within a social Umwelt. Actuations are a product of the combination of actions that have a semiotic structure, and so produce understanding. The teleonomic character of action-semiosis, actuations and scripts for performing, makes the actor to accumulate resources (scripts) to face new situations. The chapter shows that reality makes itself apparent in consciousness through experiences, and these are as much a result of these encounters as to how psyche works.

  • Chapter 7 - Comparative Development of Communication

  • from Part II - From nature to culture
  • Edited by Jaan Valsiner, Clark University, Massachusetts, Alberto Rosa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Sociocultural Psychology
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    04 June 2007, pp 140-163

  • Summary

    This chapter examines the concept of communication traditionally and currently used in the field of ethology. It describes a few landmarks in the evolution of communication in the different species, paying particular on the mechanisms that regulate these features since this is where the levels of progressive complexity of processing are found. The different modalities of communication have evolved to serve the general function of regulating the (social) behavior of each species within its own ecological niche. The emergence of birds and mammals was accompanied by a reorganization of perceptive systems, which were for the first-time centralized in the brain. The chapter focuses on communication in primates, and in particular the anthropoids, since these animals make use of forms of communication very close to those of humans. Finally, the chapter focuses on describes the sign created by the hominid mind in order to facilitate communication between minds.

  • Chapter 14 - Dramaturgical Actuations and Symbolic Communication

  • from Part IV - Symbolic resources for the constitution of experience
  • Edited by Jaan Valsiner, Clark University, Massachusetts, Alberto Rosa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Sociocultural Psychology
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    04 June 2007, pp 293-317

  • Summary

    Socio-cultural psychology is widely known as a theory and research field that stresses the determinant role of social interaction and culture in the development of the higher psychological functions. This chapter presents a view of the human subject that avoided dualism (mind-body, individual-social, physical-symbolic) and was capable of bridging the gap between the basic psychological processes and the higher processes involving consciousness and meaning. It describes the reorganization of dynamic systems as a key concept for the description and explanation of perception and movement. The main claim is that the kind of explanation including self-organization and temporal dynamics applied to the development of perception and action may be useful for the explanation of how socialization and enculturation processes develop. The chapter explores the concept of re-mediation, and the practices from it derived, which are one of the privileged arenas where basic psychological processes and socio-cultural phenomena have historically intersected.

Page 575 of 599