In this chapter, we provide an overview of modern methodological approaches to relationship science that is both practical and accessible. We start with a “status report” on the field, outlining three popular methodological trends. First, we discuss the application of machine learning techniques, specifically random forests, to the field of relationships science. Second, we elaborate on the importance of multimodal data, describing studies incorporating physiological, neurological, and linguistic measures. Third, we briefly discuss nonstandard dyadic designs, such as the round-robin design and network analysis, which enable the examination of multiple dyads within larger groups. Throughout these sections, we provide recommendations for scholars who wish to implement these methods in future work. Next, we provide a description of two analytical approaches used frequently in dyadic data analysis – structural equation modeling (SEM) and multilevel modeling (MLM) – and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches. We also present a brief discussion of differences between statistical software programs and suggestions for when to use each.

This chapter starts by generally providing an overview of the problem, i.e. the cross-border situation, and the solutions that are given by conflict of laws through its typical methods. It then proceeds with an analysis of how choice of law intersects takeover law. Even though the Takeover Directive addresses the problem, spaces are inexorably left for the typical choice-of-law characterization issues, at the frontiers between matters relating to the bid procedure and matters relating to company law, each potentially subject to the laws of different Member States (see Article 4(2)(e) of the Directive). Keeping in mind the different connecting factors for the lex mercatus and the lex societatis, this chapter addresses particular questions raised by cross-border takeovers, trying to find legal strategies to solve them. These include rules on information, on corporate governance and on defensive measures. Also recent developments concerning corporate sustainability are mentioned, taking them into consideration while pondering whether current societal and ecological concerns should operate as a justification for allowing boards of companies to defend against cross-border takeover bids.

Chapter 1 examines connections between abolition debates and legislation in Britain and the decisions of colonial administrations to amend, retain or abolish the death penalty in the 1950s and 1960s. The British government made only limited efforts to promote abolition across the Empire and readily accepted arguments made by governors, political and judicial appointees and elected lawmakers for retaining executions. The course of imperial abolition was consequently uneven in ways that reflected the diversity of colonial legal and penal cultures, crime control concerns, constitutional arrangements and political dynamics, and which saw racialized systems of colonial penal violence persist into the abolition era. Yet even in colonies where the death penalty was retained into the 1970s and beyond, death sentences were upheld in an increasingly narrow range of murder cases. In some jurisdictions, this shift predated British abolition and indicates a more pervasive and dispersed turn against capital punishment across the Empire than is captured in statute laws alone.

In the current chapter, we review the research on close relationships done via the methodologies of neuroscience – in short relationship neuroscience (RN). Much of the research we review focuses on attachment (child–parent or romantic) and sexuality. Nevertheless, we aim to cover RN broadly defined. We start by framing our topic and providing a few working definitions. We then cover the various relational (attachment, interdependence) and neuroscience (social baseline theory, and the Functional Neuroanatomical Model of Human Attachment) theories, methodologies (MRI, ERPs, and genetics), and types of relationships (familial relations, romantic, friendships, sexual relations, etc.) used or covered in this subfield. We explore both positive and negative aspects of close relationships. Finally, we reflect on the bidirectional link and contributions between relationship science and neuroscience and suggest potential implications for mental and physical health and policymaking. We also outline some remaining issues and future directions for RN.

Proceedings before the International Criminal Court (ICC) can form integral parts of encompassing transitional justice processes for addressing international crimes. Therefore, the ICC’s principle of complementarity is essential to determine whether justice must be served and by whom – states or the ICC. In April 2024, the ICC’s Office of the Prosecutor published its first Policy on Complementarity and Cooperation, which reflects a broader evolution of victims’ roles in international law: from non-recognition to justice actors with numerous rights and an independent voice in proceedings. It emphasises strategic partnership and vigilance as tools for diminishing the impunity gap and bringing justice closer to victims. This chapter examines the policy through the lens of generations of victim participation. It concludes that structural changes at the ICC are necessary to maximise the policy’s potential for continuous meaningful victim participation at all stages of proceedings nationally, regionally, and internationally.

In the preceding chapters we have presented Basque data related to several syntactic phenomena and constructions, namely the divide between unergatives and unaccusatives, addition of dative arguments, the variation attested in psych predicates, the causative/inchoative alternation, the impersonal construction, and the morphological causative. In this chapter we intend to explain briefly some of the theoretical approaches that can be adopted in order to account for some of the data presented. Specifically, we will offer an introduction to the syntactic derivation that gives rise to the alternations and variation presented so far. In Sections 8.2 and 8.3 we will explore the syntactic building blocks of verbs and the introduction of their arguments. In Section 8.4 the different types of Voice projections will be discussed. In Section 8.5 we will briefly mention implicit arguments and their (possible) semantic and syntactic nature. In Section 8.6 Applicative projections will be considered. In Section 8.7 the Voice-over-Voice configuration will be explored in order to account for the morphological causative construction and, finally, in Section 8.8 the main conclusions will be presented.

Drawing on ethnographic and interview data, this chapter shows how women artists navigate the gendered complexities of working in the highly male-dominated occupation of electronic music production and performance. Using a feminist critical management studies lens and positioning the construction of subjectivity as a relational, and power-laden process, the discussion notes six subjectivities enacted by women producing and performing electronic music. (1) The Intersectional Artist (2) The Genderless Artist (3) Visible Woman: Invisible Artist (4) Shrinking Violets and Tough Cookies (5) One of the Boys and (6) Bringers of Divine Feminine Energy. The discussion addresses the impacts these subject positions have on women’s careers and concludes by showing how women’s collectives, despite representing an additional burden on those who organise them, are challenging the status quo by providing public and visible action through the ‘safety and strength in numbers’ of collective activism.

There has been a growing body of research examining the longitudinal course of couple relationships. In this chapter, our goal is to synthesize and critically evaluate the research on long-term couple relationships, highlighting what we have learned and the advances that have been made to earlier work, while being inclusive of a variety of methodological and analytical approaches. We discuss early studies on long-term relationships; research assessing the different pathways of development as well as the antecedents, correlates and outcomes of various patterns of change; and the crucial role of self-help advice and intervention/prevention programs for fostering long-term couple relationships. We argue that although there has been progress in this area, the research still lacks much-needed diversity, and we consider broader limitations and directions for future research.

Chile is a paradigmatic transitional justice case illustrating the sequencing, coexistence, and intermingling of the types of victim engagement that this book examines. This chapter traces active (co)-creation by relatives in the search for the Disappeared in dictatorial and post-dictatorship Chile. It outlines the gradual accretion of different forms of engagement: denunciation and resistance, legal activism and political lobbying, and protagonism in calling for, and calling forth, a new state policy response in the form of a National Search Plan, launched in 2023. Analysing relatives’ participation in design of the Search Plan meanwhile reveals divergent and changing views about the relative importance of trials, truth, recovery, and identification of those still disappeared. Overall, Chile’s trajectory shows how many now-familiar categories of transitional justice demands were originally hard won from below. It also suggests the state may at times be needed to mediate between contrasting or contradictory victims’ voices.

Chapter 2 uses historical perspectives on the Court to argue there is a close nexus between the Court’s foundational role of protecting the right-based conditions the democratic process and the threat of authoritarian populism. However, while this role was conceived as protecting against existential threats to democracy (the ‘alarm bell’ against totalitarian threats), the question remains whether the Court’s interpretive equipment is apt to tackle insidious threats to democracy, such as authoritarian populism.