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108973 results in Open Access

Page 1157 of 5449

  • ALBERT LUTHULI'S PRIVATE STRUGGLE: HOW AN ICON OF PEACE CAME TO ACCEPT SABOTAGE IN SOUTH AFRICA

  • ROBERT TRENT VINSON, BENEDICT CARTON
  • Journal:
    The Journal of African History / Volume 59 / Issue 1 / March 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 April 2018, pp. 69-96

  • In December 1961, Albert Luthuli, leader of the African National Congress (ANC), arrived in Oslo to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. Journalists in Norway noted how apartheid crackdowns failed to poison the new laureate's ‘courteous’ commitment to nonviolence. The press never reported Luthuli's acceptance that saboteurs in an armed wing, Umkhonto weSizwe (MK or Spear of the Nation), would now fight for freedom. Analyzing recently available evidence, this article challenges a prevailing claim that Luthuli always promoted peace regardless of state authorities who nearly beat him to death and massacred protesting women, children, and men. We uncover his evolving views of justifiable violence, which guided secret ANC decisions to pursue ‘some kind of violence’ months before his Nobel celebration. These views not only expand knowledge of ‘struggle history’, but also alter understandings of Luthuli's aim to emancipate South Africa from a system of white supremacy that he likened to ‘slavery’.

  • AFH volume 59 issue 1 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    The Journal of African History / Volume 59 / Issue 1 / March 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 April 2018, pp. f1-f5
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  • CONTINGENCY AND THE PREDICTION OF VIOLENCE – ERRATUM

  • KJELL ANDERSON
  • Journal:
    The Journal of African History / Volume 59 / Issue 1 / March 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 April 2018, p. 175
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  • DILEMMAS OF POSTCOLONIAL DIPLOMACY: ZAMBIA, KENNETH KAUNDA, AND THE MIDDLE EAST CRISIS, 1964–73

  • LYNN SCHLER
  • Journal:
    The Journal of African History / Volume 59 / Issue 1 / March 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 April 2018, pp. 97-119

  • This article examines Zambia's engagement with the Middle East conflict from 1964–73 as a window into the political strategies and ideological ambitions of Kaunda's government in the first decade of independence. At the start of independence, Kaunda's domestic agenda led him to establish ties with Israel and to advance a program for cooperative development based on Israeli technical assistance. However, broader international concerns, filtered through the struggle against white minority regimes in southern Africa, ultimately led Kaunda to embrace a leadership role in international protests against Israel's policies towards its neighboring states. Zambia's foray into Middle East diplomacy in the first decade of independence enables a focused examination of Kaunda's presence in the international arena, while also revealing the compromises he made in the face of conflicting interests. Zambia's role in the Middle East conflict highlights this era as a time of confidence and claim-making by African leaders, but also one of concessions.

Page 1157 of 5449