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6023 results in Facet Publishing

Page 207 of 302

  • 1 - Introduction

  • Charles Oppenheim
  • Book:
    The No-nonsense Guide to Legal Issues in Web 2.0 and Cloud Computing
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    20 July 2012, pp 1-6

  • Summary

    What is Web 2.0?

    There are many varied definitions and descriptions of Web 2.0, but the text provided by Wikipedia and adapted below provides an overview.

    Web 2.0 provides the user with more user-interface, software and storage facilities. Users can provide the data that is on a Web 2.0 site and exercise some control over that data. These sites may have an ‘architecture of participation’, which encourages users to add value to the application as they use it.

    Web 2.0 offers all users the same freedom to contribute, for good or bad. Characteristics of Web 2.0 are: rich user experience, user participation, dynamic content, metadata, web standards and scalability. Further characteristics, such as openness, freedom and collective intelligence, also known as ‘the wisdom of the crowds’ by way of user participation, can also be viewed as essential attributes of Web 2.0.

    Web 2.0 websites include the following features and techniques:

  • • search – finding information through keyword search

  • • links – connect information together into a meaningful information ecosystem using the model of the web, and provide low-barrier social tools

  • • authoring – the ability to create and update content leads to the collaborative work of many rather than just a few web authors; in wikis, users may extend, undo and redo each other's work; in blogs, posts and the comments of individuals build up over time

  • • tags – categorization of content by users adding ‘tags’ – short, usually oneword descriptions – to facilitate searching, without dependence on pre-made categories; collections of tags created by many users within a single system are called folksonomies

  • • extensions – software that make the web an application platform as well as a document server; extensions include software like Adobe Reader, Adobe Flash player, Microsoft Silverlight, ActiveX, Oracle Java, Quicktime, Windows Media, and so on

  • • signals – the use of syndication technology such as RSS to notify users of content changes.

    • A third important part of Web 2.0 is the social web, which is a fundamental shift in the way people communicate. The social web consists of a number of online tools and platforms where people share their perspectives, opinions, thoughts and experiences.

  • 3 - Other intellectual property rights and related rights

  • Charles Oppenheim
  • Book:
    The No-nonsense Guide to Legal Issues in Web 2.0 and Cloud Computing
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    20 July 2012, pp 37-56

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Copyright is not the only type of IPR that someone running, or contributing to, a Web 2.0 service needs to be aware of. There are a large number of other types of IPR they might encounter, such as database right, moral rights, performers’ rights, trademarks or domain names and patents. This chapter considers each of them, outlining some of the pitfalls that Web 2.0 users might fall into.

    Database rights

    In normal everyday usage, a database might be defined as ‘a large collection of data, works and other elements stored electronically’, but the formal legal definition in the CDPA is somewhat different. It defines a database as ‘a collection of independent works, data or other materials arranged in a systematic or methodical way and individually accessible by electronic or other means’. There are two key differences between the common-sense definition and the formal legal definition. The first is that that the database does not have to be electronic – it could be a collection of printed items or photographs, and so on. The second is that the word ‘large’ does not appear, so even a very modest collection of (say) a dozen items could be considered a database in law. The two definitions do have one thing in common though – there is no requirement in either definition that each individual item enjoys copyright or any other kind of IPR in its own right.

    Exercise 1

    Which of the following would be considered to be a database in law?

  • • the personal library of someone, comprising books and magazines

  • • a university library online catalogue

  • • a collection of First World War poems

  • • a list of shorthand nicknames for, and full e-mail addresses of, contacts, as held by a regular e-mail user

  • • an e-mail thread comprising various contributions, some lengthy and some not, from various individuals

  • • someone's bank statement

  • • a list of the melting points of a few dozen inorganic compounds

  • • a collection of postings on Facebook

  • • a single document built up by several contributor individuals on a wiki.

  • 4 - Data protection and privacy

  • Charles Oppenheim
  • Book:
    The No-nonsense Guide to Legal Issues in Web 2.0 and Cloud Computing
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    20 July 2012, pp 57-74

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Most developed countries have at least a minimum level of data protection legislation in place; the USA is notable in having only limited protection at a federal level, although many states have introduced such legislation. On the one hand, everyone should have the right to freedom of expression, the freedom to hold opinions and to impart information and ideas without justified interference. On the other hand, every individual has the right to privacy – to be left alone. These two worthy concepts can, and do, sometimes collide.

    Typically, a data protection law requires the following:

  • • Data controllers (those who manipulate data about individuals) must register with a supervisory body if they currently, or plan to, use personal data, and if that data can be searched or manipulated using the individual's name (or some code equivalent) as the search key.

  • • Data subjects (the individuals who have data about them stored and manipulated by third parties – every one of us) have the right to inspect what information is held about them.

  • • Data subjects have the right to demand to know whether data is held about them.

  • • Data subjects can sue for damage caused by inaccurate data about them, or for other breaches, such as unauthorized release of such data.

  • • Data controllers must abide by certain general principles and codes of practice.

  • • No doubt there would be exemptions for matters of national security, crime prevention and so on.

  • • There must be systems in place to prevent unauthorized access, deletion or amendment of records containing personal data.

    • However, some countries’ legislation goes much further, for example, stating that:

  • • data controllers must explicitly request the permission of data subjects before handling their personal data

  • • data subjects can insist that data about them is deleted

  • • data subjects are entitled to know to whom data about them has been passed, and where data about them has come from

  • • no decisions about the data subject may be made purely relying on information obtained from personal data files.

  • 2 - Copyright

  • Charles Oppenheim
  • Book:
    The No-nonsense Guide to Legal Issues in Web 2.0 and Cloud Computing
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    20 July 2012, pp 7-36

  • Summary

    Introduction

    The focus of library and information professionals is the handling of information, increasingly these days in electronic form. They are concerned with the creation, dissemination, storage, retrieval, curation and disposal of said information. All these activities involve copyright issues, and it is for this reason that copyright looms so large in the concerns of the professionals. There is therefore no apology for the fact that this chapter, on copyright issues in Web 2.0, is the longest in this book. The chapter examines how one acquires copyright, the vexed question of copyright ownership, the types of materials protected by copyright, the lifetime of copyright works, the restricted acts that only the rights holder can authorize (or refuse to authorize), and issues to do with infringement and how to copy third party materials legally. There is also a discussion on orphan works, differences between UK law and other laws, and recent developments in UK copyright law. Sections of the chapter focus on where copyright law interacts with Web 2.0.

    Recent developments, such as the UK's 2010 Digital Economy Act (discussed further below), have highlighted the tensions between copyright owners and users of copyright works in the current environment of ready availability of machine readable material and contempt for old-fashioned business models among the young. Information professionals are caught up in this tension. They are all keen to respect copyright, but at the same time are finding that governments are passing legislation that hinders rather than helps them in their professional roles.

    UK copyright law is governed by the 1988 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (hereinafter called the CDPA). Despite its title, the Act says relatively little about the law of patents or registered designs, but it is the key piece of legislation on copyright. Nonetheless, the CDPA is not the only piece of legislation of relevance. Numerous statutory instruments, such as the snappily titled Copyright (Librarians and Archivists) (Copying of Copyright Materials) Regulations 1989, supplement the CDPA, and some other primary legislation, such as the Public Lending Right Act 1979 and the Digital Economy Act 2010 are also relevant.

  • Preface

  • Charles Oppenheim
  • Book:
    The No-nonsense Guide to Legal Issues in Web 2.0 and Cloud Computing
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    20 July 2012, pp ix-x

  • Summary

    The internet in general, and Web 2.0 in particular, have become one of the most important means whereby individuals and organizations communicate with one another these days. That communication may be for the purposes of business or pleasure, and may be between people or organizations that know each other, or which have never met before. The result of this dramatic shift in the way people and organizations communicate is the rise of numerous legal problems associated with the use of these new media.

    The fundamental problem regarding the legal environment for electronic information creation and communication remains as it always has been: the law is complex, often counter-intuitive, varies from country to country, and almost invariably is behind the times in its technology and the culture of users. Those who interact with such services in their professional capacity, say as librarians, information managers, owners of Web 2.0 services or publishers, therefore have a problem in second-guessing what the law might have to say about particular actions (or lack of action) they might take in regard to the uses they make of the services.

    I am not a lawyer. I am a retired academic who has a great interest in the way the law interacts with electronic information. I first got interested in the overlap between the law and information in 1970, when I got involved in patent law and patent information. My interest spread to copyright in 1982, when I got sucked into a fascinating copyright infringement case by accident (ask me about it some time). I got involved in liability for information provision, data protection and electronic information licensing in 1984 through my particular job with what was then called Pergamon Infoline. Again, my job role at the time with Reuters led me into defamation law around 1990. Nowadays, pretty much everything to do with electronic information law is grist to my mill. Nonetheless, I must stress that this book is not a legal textbook aimed at lawyers, but rather, as its title implies, a guide for the perplexed non-lawyer. It should provide a pointer to current issues. It has a focus on Web 2.0, but covers topics relevant to all methods of using electronic information. Nothing in this book is legal advice, and hence the usual caveat.

  • 7 - Cloud computing

  • Charles Oppenheim
  • Book:
    The No-nonsense Guide to Legal Issues in Web 2.0 and Cloud Computing
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    20 July 2012, pp 93-108

  • Summary

    Introduction

    This chapter is somewhat different in style from other chapters in this book in that it considers a wide range of legal issues that can arise in the use of cloud computing services, whether Web 2.0-related or not. There is no single definition of cloud computing, despite the popularity of the term and of the use of cloud services. Very broadly, a cloud computing service is one that provides computing power of some kind without the installation of content, hardware or software application at the client or customer's premises. Wikipedia defines it as follows:

    Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services.

    Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption, and delivery model for IT services based on Internet protocols, and it typically involves provisioning of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources. It is a byproduct and consequence of the ease-of-access to remote computing sites provided by the Internet. This may take the form of web-based tools or applications that users can access and use through a web browser as if the programs were installed locally on their own computers.

    Cloud computing providers deliver applications via the internet, which are accessed from a web browser, while the business software and data are stored on servers at a remote location. In some cases, legacy applications are delivered via a screen-sharing technology, while the computing resources are consolidated at a remote data center location; in other cases, entire business applications have been coded.

    Most cloud computing infrastructures consist of services delivered through shared data-centers and appearing as a single point of access for consumers’ computing needs. Commercial offerings may be required to meet service-level agreements (SLAs), but specific terms are less often negotiated by smaller companies.

    This is a point I return to later in this chapter. Wikipedia continues:

    Cloud computing exhibits the following key characteristics:

  • • Agility improves with users’ ability to re-provision technological infrastructure resources.

  • • Application programming interface (API) accessibility to software that enables machines to interact with cloud software in the same way the user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers. Cloud computing systems typically use REST-based APIs.

  • Introduction

  • Ned Potter
  • Book:
    The Library Marketing Toolkit
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    23 June 2012, pp xiii-xxii

  • Summary

    The world of marketing is changing more rapidly than ever before, and libraries are having to change with it. While some are still stubbornly refusing to engage with the need to market themselves, or are doing so using techniques that predate the digital age, for the most part the industry is responding positively to the challenges of promoting our services. The first part of this introduction is an exploration of what marketing really is and why libraries need to do it innovatively and successfully; the intention is that the remainder of the volume will provide the tools and knowledge to achieve this, with case studies from people who have been there and done it well.

    If the bad news is that libraries are still not always great marketers, the good news is that marketing has never been easier! Today's platforms and tools make it more straightforward, more direct and much cheaper than it ever has been before. Little changes in the library approach can yield big results.

    About marketing

    What is marketing?

    Formal definitions of marketing tend to be rather severe – and, because most marketing is about promoting the sale of as many items as possible for as much money as possible, widely quoted definitions are often slightly wide of the mark when it comes to libraries.

    What marketing is not, is simply a poster featuring details of a new database. That's advertising. It's not simply an online campaign about a new service, either: that's promotion. It's not an article in the newspaper about the head librarian: that's publicity (and if the article is about the librarian welcoming a famous celebrity to the library, that's PR). And what marketing reallyis n't, although visiting many libraries across the world might make you think otherwise, is an A4 piece of coloured paper with a promotional message about new books printed on it in Comic Sans font.

    What marketing is, then, is an ongoing conversation with your target audience, which combines promotion, publicity, PR and advertising in an organized, strategic way. In fact, in the age of Web 2.0, you can probably get away without any traditional advertising if necessary. But the promotion, the publicity and the PR exist amid a constantly renewing and neverending cycle of market research, planning, actions, followups and evaluation.

  • 3 - The library brand

  • Ned Potter
  • Book:
    The Library Marketing Toolkit
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    23 June 2012, pp 37-64

  • Summary

    Branding is a big issue. Marketing serves many functions, not least to boost reputation; with that in mind, it shouldn't stop once your users are through the door.

    There are many elements to a library brand, and several are covered in the following pages (another key aspect, the library building itself, gets its own thorough investigation in Chapter 4), starting with creating or updating the library's visual identity. This includes a case study from Jessica Wykes of City University, who takes us through design on a shoestring. A library brand can be boosted by some well considered merchandise, and the successful ‘Sshhh…!’ bags merchandizing campaign at the University of Leeds, run by Katy Sidwell, is the subject of the second case study. Finally there is the tricky issue of branding the library in conjunction with another, related, organization: Stephen Pinfield talks us through marketing a converged library and IT service at Nottingham University in the third case study.

    Quick definitions

    Before we go any further, we should define the key terms for this chapter. Firstly, there is an important distinction to establish, between the terms ‘branding’ and ‘brand’.

    Brandingis the process of creating a recognizable product or service – building an identity which people understand – and marketing it as distinct from potential competitors. In the case of libraries the competition is not necessarily within the industry; while you may want to compete with other libraries in the area, there is a much bigger battle going on which pitches libraries against bookshops, against the internet and against all manner of other institutions in which people may wish to invest their time rather than investing it in libraries.

    The brand, on the other hand, is the sum total of everyone's perceptions about what you do. It is the way people feel about your library, the way people describe your library to others. Clearly, branding as a marketing practice is an attempt to influence this as favourably as possible. But the brand is in the eye of the beholder – in the eyes of the users and the nonusers of your library – so you can never fully control it. It encompasses your visual identity, your building, your books, your eresources, your triumphs, your mistakes, your history, your position in the community, your staff, your reputation.

  • 6 - Marketing with social media

  • Ned Potter
  • Book:
    The Library Marketing Toolkit
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    23 June 2012, pp 91-118

  • Summary

    The term ‘social media’ describes any kind of online platform in which the users can exchange content. That content can be actual digital objects (films, music and other files) or just opinions, news and views. As such, these platforms represent a fabulous possibility for libraries. It is not something to fret about or agonize over; it is an opportunity to be seized. Via social media libraries can market directly to their users and potential users, and engage them in the kind of proper dialoguewhich marketing should be all about.

    Using social media as a marketing channel is very straightforward. Here is a quick analogy to try and explain the value of social media to the sceptics. Imagine you have a poster advertising your library – it contains some (static) information, presents it well, and you put your poster up all over town and hope the right people see it. You never know for sure how many people see it, or what they think of it. But you cross your fingers and hope it works. Now imagine a poster which is interactive and whose information can change from day to day – imagine taking that poster individually to hundreds or even thousands of potential users at once and getting their feedback on it, answer ing their questions, even monitoring what they say about the poster in your absence and adapting it to suit them better. That's what social media does.

    And on top of all that, it's mostly free.

    Do your patrons use social media?

    The short answer is: yes. The longer answer is: of course, there will be excep tions, but increasingly more and more of your target audience will be using one form of social media or another. Worldwide, people spend on average more time on social media each week than they do on email (TNS, 2010).

    At the time of writing there are 11.7 million active social networkers in Canada, 114.5 million in the USA and 7 million in Australia.

  • 5 - An introduction to online marketing

  • Ned Potter
  • Book:
    The Library Marketing Toolkit
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    23 June 2012, pp 79-90

  • Summary

    There now follows a suite of three related chapters all about the internet in its various manifestations, and using it to market successfully. Although Chapters 6 and 7 deal with more advanced Web 2.0 concepts, it would be wrong to describe this introduction to online marketing as ‘the basics’ – i's more like the fundamentals. As such, case study contributions are of a particularly ‘howto’ bent in this chapter: David Lee King gives seven top tips for the library website, Aaron Tay details the importance of a library presence on mobile devices, and Alison Wallbutton gives advice on how to market with email.

    The library website

    Despite the emergence of Web 2.0 applications and social media activities (which we shall get onto later) the library's main website is still an absolutely essential marketing tool for several reasons. Most obviously, library website use is up exponentially for most libraries in the last few years. Users and potential users will be Googling your library, so what they find online will make a huge difference as to whether they then visit your premises in person.

    Physical footfall is simply no longer fit for purpose as a measure of a library's success, because so much can be done online – every book renewal or reservation made using the internet is a visit to the library building saved. Often the media – and perhaps those holding the pursestrings for libraries – will take a reduction in footfall as proof that a library is no longer being used as much, making it a soft target for cuts. It's vital that in marketing libraries, to both internal and external stakeholders, that we emphasize the compound number of visits – physical and online combined. The Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy conducted a survey (CIPFA, 2010) about library use in the UK during the preceding five years. Physical attendance was found to be down by around 4%; online activity was up by a massive 49% across the country in the last year alone. As discussed above, this would more than account for the drop in footfall – in fact, one could interpret the statistics as representing an overall increase in the use of libraries.

  • 10 - Library advocacy as marketing

  • Ned Potter
  • Book:
    The Library Marketing Toolkit
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    23 June 2012, pp 169-176

  • Summary

    At first glance internal marketing and library advocacy are opposites, with one being very inwardfacing and the other very outwardfacing – but in fact the two are closely linked. They both involve proving the library's value to people who really matter. I firmly believe that we are alllibrary advocates now. It is not something any information professional can afford to abstain from; in fact to abstain is to contribute to the problem.

    Marketing and advocacy have a close link. They are both about the promotion of libraries and library services. The point of this brief chapter is to explore how library advocacy per se can be used as a marketing opportunity for your specific library. It will also introduce ‘the echo chamber problem’ – an issue which afflicts all libraries but one which can be addressed relatively easily with a slight shift in mindset – and features a case study from Elizabeth Elford, Head of Advocacy at the British Library.

    National campaigns and local marketing

    In a time of closures and cuts, national library advocacy campaigns are increasingly frequent. They are of course an entirely worthwhile thing to be part of in their own right, but it's also possible to glean direct, regional benefit for your library even from a national campaign about libraries in general.

    Jan Richards coordinated the ‘@ your librar’ campaign in New South Wales, Australia. He provides a full case study all about this online (see the further reading for this chapter on the website) but here are some pertinent quotes about the local value libraries derived from it:

    The @ your librarycampaign was designed to be delivered at a local level but to

    gain strength from the same story being told from many different

    viewpoints/places. So while libraries used their traditional channels to promote

    the initiative it was often picked up at a regional level because of the ‘nois’ of the

    message. There was also the opportunity to use this strength in selling the story

    to the major news agencies.

  • 11 - Marketing special collections and archives

  • Ned Potter
  • Book:
    The Library Marketing Toolkit
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    23 June 2012, pp 177-194

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Special collections and archives come with their own set of marketing challenges and techniques. ’m going to risk the wrath of both communities by stating that although special collections and archives are often distinct areas, there are many similarities in the way they are marketed. Certainly it is the case that some ideas and methods can apply to both and it is these on which w'll be focusing in this chapter.

    Although this chapter concentrates on the specific challenges of these related sectors, it's worth making clear that many of the ideas apply in marketing libraries more broadly (tying in your promotional activity with the wider cultural landscape, for example) and, conversely, most of the other techniques described in this book still very much apply in special collections and archives, too. In particular, the need for a strategic approach is still relevant, and using social media to promote archives can be very effective: old source material and new technologies are surprisingly comfortable bedfellows. Every marketing channel should be exploited, and every market considered, as Caroline Kimbell of The National Archives (TNA) says:

    Even under the constraints of a marketing freeze, TNA has managed to keep its public profile high and its media presence a constant. This isn't just because we have great stories to tell from the documents and people who know them, but because w've been creative in how we use all the free tools and services available to reach new and existing audiences, and borne in mind the broad range of user groups who use and interact with our collections – from schoolchildren and academic researchers to journalists, authors, family historians and information management professionals.

    There are four case studies here. Caroline Kimbell focuses on digitization and the ‘halo effec’. Then Alison Cullingford at Bradford University Library talks us through some modern ways of marketing ancient materials, with the 100 Objects campaign. Ben Showers of JISC focuses on harnessing the power of crowds, and the marketing benefits this can bring. To kick the chapter off, we have the first case study – expert advice on marketing archives from Lisa Jeskins.

  • A final word on marketing libraries

  • Ned Potter
  • Book:
    The Library Marketing Toolkit
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    23 June 2012, pp 195-196

  • Summary

    Imagine that libraries didn't exist, and were invented tomorrow. People would flock to them! The challenge we face is to convey to people what we really do, rather than what they think we do, and to tell them how we fit into their lives and can help them get from A to B a little better. Marketing is the dialogue between us and the rest of the world which ensures our existing users continue to come back, and our potential users sign up for a membership card. Not everyone will find the library useful – but if we reach all of those who do, w'll never have to worry about our future again.

    The idea of this book is to give you a toolkit of marketing ideas that will inspire you to act in your own library. In my ideal scenario, you came into this believing that marketing the library was probably a good idea, yo're leaving convinced that it is essential, but most importantly you feel you have the knowledge to take a marketing project forward and do it well. I imagine most people will have dipped into this rather than read it from cover to cover, so I won't summarize the previous couple of hundred pages here; I want to use this space to say ‘marketing isn't so hard, so be bold and have some fun’. If you want to ask any questions about the things in this text, or you just want to talk to someone else who feels passionate about marketing libraries, you can find me on the book's Twitter account: @libmarketing.

    The skillsets of the modern information professional and the modern marketer aren't so far apart, when all is said and done. Being a librarian has always been about finding the right information, for the right people, at the right time. Marketing a library is really just promoting the right benefits of that information, to the right people, at the right time – taking the useful and neces sary services we provide, and making those who need them aware of them.

    Take action while this is all fresh in your mind, and do some real marketing.

  • 1 - Seven key concepts for marketing libraries

  • Ned Potter
  • Book:
    The Library Marketing Toolkit
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    23 June 2012, pp 1-10

  • Summary

    This brief chapter outlines seven key concepts for marketing libraries, which underpin all the more practical ideas and techniques that follow. Keeping these concepts in mind can help bridge the gap from where much library marketing is now, and where it needs to be for the industry to be able to flourish.

    The seven concepts

    1 Everyone is trying to get from A to B. We have to show them how we ’ll help get them there quickly and more successfully.

    Everyone's on a journey to where they want to go – these days they don't have a lot of time to sit down to consider an offer from a marketer. They ’re running from A to B, head down. As a marketer you ’re going to find it difficult to stop them, turn them around to pay attention to your idea, listen to it and then understand what it means for them. Your best bet is to target messages at them which truly help them get to where they ’re already going and make it absolutely clear how the library helps them to do that. You cannot assume that users will understand what you are talking about and will immediately translate that into what it means for progressing their journey faster with it than without it. That's your job as a marketer, which of course means that you must truly understand the users and their journeys.

    Terry Kendrick

    To understand how to market libraries, it's essential to understand the mindset and circumstances of the people we ’re trying to market them to. This is true across all sectors. We all know that in today's age we ’re bombarded with information, images, messages, advertising, promotion: our daily lives are soundtracked by the white noise of people or things trying to get our attention. As a result we run with our heads down, as Terry Kendrick says in the quote above, just trying to get where we want to go, while ignoring the information overload.

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