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6023 results in Facet Publishing

Page 240 of 302

  • 2 - An introduction to e-book business models and suppliers

  • from Part 1 - The production and distribution of e-books
    • By Anna Grigson, E-Resources Manager at Royal Holloway, University of London
  • Edited by Kate Price, Virginia Havergal
  • Book:
    E-books in Libraries
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    20 February 2011, pp 19-36

  • Summary

    Introduction

    When an e-book is acquired, it must meet customers’ needs, providing not only the content that is wanted, but also making sure that it can be made available where and when it is required, and at a price that provides best value for money. There are many different suppliers in the e-book marketplace, and it can be difficult to determine which can offer both the best value and the best content and service to their users, as well as meeting the terms and conditions for approved suppliers set by the library's parent organization.

    This chapter aims to help the library make an informed choice by reviewing some of the issues to be considered when choosing an e-book supplier, including:

  • ■ the different types of suppliers and formats

  • ■ the content that they can provide

  • ■ the methods for discovering which titles are available as e-books

  • ■ the range of current business models

  • ■ the licence terms that require particular attention

  • ■ the quality of service and technical support provided.

    • It should be noted that the information in this chapter refers to suppliers and business models prevalent in the UK and US market.

    Suppliers

    There are many different suppliers of e-books to libraries. Some are established players in the library supply chain for printed books, including both major publishers and vendors such as Coutts (MyiLibrary), Dawsons (Dawsonera) and Swets. Others are established as providers of other types of online content, including aggregators such as EBSCO Publishing, which recently acquired the NetLibrary e-book platform. There are also specialist e-book aggregators, such as Bloomsbury, EBL (EBook Library), ebrary and OverDrive. In addition, there are suppliers that focus on providing e-books to the consumer market, including e-book specialists, online retailers such as Amazon, and high-street booksellers such as WHSmith and Waterstone';s.

    As well as having different suppliers, the library and consumer markets also have different supply models. The consumer market is dominated by sales of e-book downloads. Primarily designed for offline mobile use, these are published in various formats suitable either for proprietary e-book readers, such as the Amazon Kindle, or for generic devices such as laptops. Downloads are sold outright for the user to keep, although further use may be controlled by DRM software.

  • Part 1 - The production and distribution of e-books

  • Edited by Kate Price, Virginia Havergal
  • Book:
    E-books in Libraries
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    20 February 2011, pp 1-2

  • Summary

    Overview

    The development and availability of e-books for the library market have been growing in importance for the last ten years. The range of subject matter now available in e-book format is diverse, and includes textbooks at school, college and university level, self-help manuals, monographs and novels. Some e-books may have illustrations and charts embedded within the pages, whilst others may include interactive features and audio and/or video capability.

    The most common distribution methods for e-books are payment and subsequent access through the website of the individual publisher or through third-party intermediaries; however, other methods of making this content available to readers can include consortium purchasing and hosting, in-house production and directing users to the many free e-books available. The authors contributing to this section consider the production and distribution of e-books from a number of perspectives.

    Joel Claypool (Chapter 1) of Morgan & Claypool Publishers describes the process from the perspective of a book publisher, as well as highlight - ing some of the major challenges being faced by the industry in a world where so much factual information is now freely available via the internet.

    Anna Grigson (Chapter 2) of Royal Holloway, University of London, provides some practical guidance for library and information professionals, addressing some of the factors to consider when selecting ebook providers, from identifying appropriate suppliers to negotiating licence terms.

    Silvia Gstrein and Günter Mühlberger (Chapter 3) of the University of Innsbruck provide a fascinating insight into the eBooks on Demand (EOD) service, which allows readers to request digital versions of the print titles held in 30 member libraries. Gstrein and Mühlberger describe the process involved and consider the future for this impressive pan-European service.

    Finally Kate Price (Chapter 4) of the University of Surrey discusses the role of free e-books in the library setting, reflecting on the advantages and disadvantages of managing a collection of freely available titles, and identifying some of the collections currently available.

  • Contributors’ views

  • from Part 5 - The future of e-books
  • Edited by Kate Price, Virginia Havergal
  • Book:
    E-books in Libraries
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    20 February 2011, pp 255-266

  • Summary

    To elicit a range of views on the future of e-books, two questions were asked of contributors:

  • ■ What needs to change before e-books become universally and easily read?

  • ■ What will the e-book landscape look like in ten years’ time?

    • Without exception, the contributors to this book predict a rapidly increasing uptake of e-books, facilitated by the spread of internet-enabled mobile devices. However, most contributors feel that in order to make e-books a truly universal feature of leisure, study and work, improvements in standardization and usability, combined with an easing of DRM restrictions, are essential.

    Chris Armstrong and Ray Lonsdale

    To help achieve greater universal use, the range of e-book publishing needs to extend more broadly across the disciplines to ensure an adequate critical mass for academic non-fiction (in particular in the arts and the humanities), general non-fiction and both general and genre fiction. Another area for growth would be in the primary and secondary school sectors, especially for the lower key stages and less academic children. To encourage greater use, there need to be significant improvements in the screen and navigation interface, principally to allow more content to be visible on the screen as well as in catering for users with special needs, such as those with visual impairments or specific learning difficulties. Greater, and perhaps more imaginative, interactive content is required, not only for fiction but for non-fiction, and this will necessitate the development of new authoring skills and possibly a shift in the traditional publisher–author relationship. The development of systematic bibliographic listings for commercial and free e-books will facilitate easier selection and thus easier use. So far as libraries are concerned, one of the major hurdles has been adding e-book MARC records to their catalogues, and publishers must continue to address this.

    In ten years’ time, e-books will no longer be the occasionally used exception, but an expected part of book collections in all kinds of libraries, although print will probably still dominate. In this period, too, we can expect to see a greater emphasis on the born digital e-book, offering enhanced interactivity. Users will be considerably more au fait with the format, having acquired familiarity and the fundamental skills to successfully exploit e-book collections.

  • 13 - Engaging staff and students with e-books in a university setting

  • from Part 4 - Engaging readers with e-books
    • By Anne Worden, Faculty Librarian for Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS), Timothy Collinson, Faculty Librarian for Technology at the University of Portsmouth
  • Edited by Kate Price, Virginia Havergal
  • Book:
    E-books in Libraries
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    20 February 2011, pp 237-252

  • Summary

    Introduction

    This chapter outlines the strategies in place at the University of Portsmouth that have led to a 1700% increase in e-book use between 2004–5 and 2009–10, with just under 2 million pages viewed in the 2009–10 academic year. Results from a 2009 survey of 1111 students are presented, together with a brief snapshot of feedback from academic staff as well as ebrary usage statistics, all of which help to provide a summary of the state of engagement with e-books at Portsmouth.

    An online survey about e-book use carried out at the University in 2005 elicited 110 responses from students. In contrast to results obtained in several other surveys of e-book use in universities (e.g. Abdullah and Gibb, 2006; Briddon et al., 2009), the largest percentage of replies (40%) was from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, and the next largest from the Faculty of Technology (at 24%). The response rate suggested that Humanities and Social Sciences students were heavy users of e-books, and this was confirmed by tracking Athens account prefixes and ebrary log-ins by department. This is a departmental usage pattern that has been prevalent at Portsmouth ever since.

    Meanwhile, Portsmouth has had the second highest ebrary use of all UK universities for three consecutive years. It was decided to investigate the reasons behind this clear indication of the enthusiasm for e-books at Portsmouth, so the faculties with the highest usage rates were selected for a survey in spring 2009.

    Background context

    The University of Portsmouth is a post-1992 university with 21,000 students, including distance learners located both in the UK and around the world. There are five faculties which are, in order of size: Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS); Science; Business; Technology; and Creative and Cultural Industries. There are five faculty librarians, plus a law librarian, who are responsible for stock selection, academic liaison and information literacy training for their particular faculty or department.

    In 2004 the Library began a trial of e-books, and by spring 2009 there were around 40,000 titles available, the bulk of which were from ebrary's Academic Complete collection, but also included 2000 titles purchased from MyiLibrary and around 100 books from NetLibrary. The University Library has purchased no e-books for handheld reader devices as yet.

  • 2 - Defining user requirements

  • from Part 1 - Foundations
  • Martin White
  • Book:
    The Intranet Management Handbook
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    20 February 2011, pp 13-24

  • Summary

    Introduction

    I have highlighted in Chapter 1 that although the intranet supports many processes that may have a workflow element its scope is not defined by processes in the same way as financial, HR, logistics and other applications. Because each employee assesses the value of a piece of information in a different way from any other employee in the organization, probably the most challenging issue for an intranet manager is defining the user requirements for the intranet, both currently and in the near future.

    It is for this reason that this chapter on defining user requirements comes so early in the book. Everything else, from the selection of technology to the governance structure, and from the content strategy to performance evaluation, has to be based on user requirements. Just because all the users will be employees of the organization does not make the task any easier, because they will have very high expectations that the intranet will be of significant value to them.

    This chapter focuses on techniques which are of value either in the case of the initial launch of an intranet, or when the need for a major programme of enhancement is identified from regular monitoring of the value and impact of the intranet, as described in Chapter 15. The chapter does not cover the translation of these user requirements into the design of the architecture of the intranet, a subject outside the scope of this book but covered in detail by James Robertson's Designing Intranets

    The solution is personalization!

    A number of organizations have taken the view that the ideal way to solve the problems of information overload and providing only what is relevant to an individual employee is to use portal technology to provide a personalized view of the information on an intranet. In theory this is an excellent idea, but in practice there are some fundamental problems:

  • • The information needs of an individual employee are highly specific to the knowledge, expertise and experience of that employee. To provide a personalized desktop requires a detailed understanding of this information requirement so that the appropriate portlets and personalization tools can be developed. This is very time consuming.

  • 4 - E-books for free: finding, creating and managing freely available texts

  • from Part 1 - The production and distribution of e-books
    • By Kate Price, Head of E-Strategy and Resources at the University of Surrey
  • Edited by Kate Price, Virginia Havergal
  • Book:
    E-books in Libraries
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    20 February 2011, pp 53-68

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Most of this book concentrates on acquiring and managing e-books that are commercially available. But there are other options. Almost as soon as the internet came into existence, it was being used to freely disseminate full textbooks and reports. At first these were created through typing in basic ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange 2) text, then with desktop publishing and word-processing applications, and by scanning in existing text and using OCR to instantly create keyword searchable text files. Now graphical, audio and video elements are embedded in books and documents through the use of cheap and widely available hardware and software.

    Today, there are millions of texts freely available online through myriads of small scale efforts right on up to the behemoth that is Google Books. However, few libraries are currently making full use of this fantastic resource. This chapter aims to raise awareness of a small fraction of this content, explain the pros and cons of free e-books, address some of the issues involved with managing ongoing access to a collection that contains freely available texts, and also introduce the option of creating e-books in-house, by writing them from scratch or through digitizing existing published or unpublished works.

    Making use of free e-books

    Advantages

    Free e-books have one rather obvious advantage – they do not require an acquisitions budget. But the following should also be considered:

    1 Some essential reference resources that a library might already receive in print are also available freely online. These include government statistical publications and accounts, census data, government reports, and publications and statistics from nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) and international bodies such as the United Nations (UN), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the EU. It is therefore a fairly easy matter to include a link from the catalogue record of the print publication to the online version, quickly making this material much more easily available to library users without the need for them to search across the web for it. In addition, the factual information within this type of reference material is often more quickly and simply accessed online through a search interface tailored to the resource in question.

  • 6 - Equipment for image capture

  • Anna E. Bülow, Jess Ahmon
  • Book:
    Preparing Collections for Digitization
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    16 December 2010, pp 91-108

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Introduction

    As seen in Chapter 5 ‘Surveying Collections’, the physical nature of the documents can be highly diverse. These physical attributes will have a bearing on the choice of equipment because, needless to say, the equipment should not only be capable of capturing images of the required specification, but should do so without undue risk to the documents. There is a bewildering array of scanning products on the market with different capabilities and features, and different projects will have different requirements. Some equipment is designed for very specific applications and so would be perfect for a particular project but not suitable in the long term for scanning any other document format. On the other hand, a more flexible set-up can be used over the course of several different projects but may require some technical expertise to get the best results each time.

    Choosing equipment for image capture is a common feature of all digitization projects and so there is an abundance of literature on the subject; see ‘Further Reading’ for details. This chapter will focus on the requirements of the original documents and the suitability of different types of equipment for different documents.

    Risks during imaging

    It is possible to image most documents safely and successfully if they are handled in an appropriate way using suitable equipment. However, digitization does involve some risks, the greatest of which is the risk of physical damage from handling.

    Physical damage

    In general, image capture involves handling that is far more intensive than the handling that a document will receive in an institution's reading room. Not only is there time pressure but also each sheet must be handled in such a way that every part of the page is exposed to the scanning device. This in itself can be hazardous for a fragile document. Any tears in a sheet may lengthen and documents may as a result become fragmented. Brittle paper is particularly vulnerable.

    A document may come under strain if it is not fully supported and part of it is overhanging the edge of the scanning bed. Imaging will also often require a document to be held against a glass plate or under a lid, which can cause damage if the document is not carefully positioned, and can introduce fresh folds if the document is fastened in the corner.

  • Conclusion

  • Anna E. Bülow, Jess Ahmon
  • Book:
    Preparing Collections for Digitization
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    16 December 2010, pp 171-172

  • Summary

    Digitizing collections means much more than taking images. Common perceptions of digitization projects requiring a scanner, a scanning operator and an item to be scanned, do not do justice to the often highly complex process of planning and preparing for digitization, image capture, quality control and metadata creation, eventually leading to successful online delivery of content. For an institution to own a set of digital images does not automatically mean that its collections are any more accessible than they were prior to digitization.

    Digitization may have two functions within the context of managing collections: digital surrogates may serve as access copies instead of the originals, therefore aiding its preservation through less handling requirements; or they may be used to reach new audiences through online delivery. In both cases, the aims can only be fulfilled if image quality is optimal for the intended purpose, taking into account current and future audiences, and planning for the future preservation of both the original collections as well as the digital surrogate. Making information accessible through online channels also requires appropriate finding systems, such as a catalogue, to be in place, as well as a retrieval system in order to deliver content to the user.

    The collection manager, with their eye for detail as well as their knowledge of materials and formats, will have a lot to contribute to the successful implementation of digitization projects. Supporting the digitization of collections does not just mean facilitating the image capture process by providing the documents; it is not a matter of following the same well known protocols time and again for every project. Rather, it is about gathering knowledge about individual collections and their users, and using this knowledge to inform all practical aspects of such ventures, including resource requirements, workflow and equipment. Their involvement will ensure that image quality is as good as it can get; but they will also enable cost-effective running of such projects by making sure that potential problems during scanning have been dealt with before they arise.

    Digitization undoubtedly has an impact on an institution's conservation studio, and conservators will need to adapt their work in the digitization context. However, the conservator's skill set is entirely compatible with the digitization of heritage collections. Where digitization aims to preserve and use the collection, a conservator is well placed to make judgements on balancing preservation and use.

  • 4 - Organizing for innovation

  • Jennifer Rowley
  • Book:
    Being an Information Innovator
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    16 December 2010, pp 101-140

  • Summary

    Learning objectives

    After reading this chapter you should be able to:

  • • Discuss what is meant by innovativeness and an innovative organization.

  • • Evaluate different perspectives on how innovation can be supported in organizations.

  • • Reflect on the processes associated with cultivating a creative and innovative organizational climate.

  • • Understand the role and nature of leadership in organizational innovation.

  • • Reflect on the characteristics of creative and innovative teams.

  • • Discuss the importance of an innovation strategy.

  • • Be sensitive to the challenges associated with launching into an internal market, and associated change management processes.

    • Introduction

    This chapter draws together and develops further a number of themes that have been visited in earlier chapters in this book. Most importantly, this chapter returns to the topics of innovation management and innovation orientation and cultures which were introduced at the end of Chapter 2 and continues consideration of the organizational context for innovation. It also takes into account the nature and challenges of public sector entrepreneurship as explored in Chapter 3. Other sections focus specifically on innovation leadership, innovation teams, innovation strategy and the change management associated with innovation implementation.

    Throughout this chapter are intermingled considerations of entrepreneurship, innovation, and creativity, entrepreneurial orientation, innovation orientation and creative organizations. This approach is adopted counter to authors who see innovation and entrepreneurship as separate processes, in the belief that there is actually a considerable overlap. As Ireland, Kuratko and Morris suggest:

    Corporate entrepreneurship is a process used in established firms seeking to use innovation as the means to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities. Corporate entrepreneurship helps a firm to create new businesses through product and process innovation and market developments and fosters the strategic renewal of existing operations.

    (Ireland, Kuratko and Morris, 2006, 12)

    We add creativity into the mix because it is widely recognized to be tightly coupled with innovation (as discussed in Chapter 1), and, specifically, considerations of discussions of creative organizational climates complement those discussions associated with the characteristics of innovative organizations.

  • Introduction

  • Jennifer Rowley
  • Book:
    Being an Information Innovator
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    16 December 2010, pp xi-xvi

  • Summary

    While there is no shortage of articles and books discussing the changing nature of libraries in the digital age, words such as ‘innovation’, ‘entrepreneurship’, ‘entrepreneur’, ‘intrapreneur’ and ‘creativity’ make only occasional appearances in the information management literature. There are a few key contributions that argue for the link between innovation, entrepreneurship and creativity and change in libraries (Mason, 1989; Riggs, 2001) but without a much wider discussion there is a danger that information professionals and library managers may miss the opportunity to engage in and manage innovation effectively; act entrepreneurially; encourage others to act entrepreneurially; and embrace and develop their creativity.

    This book, then, is the first to seek to discuss and apply the rhetoric and theories of innovation and entrepreneurship in information organizations. It seeks both to celebrate and share past achievements and existing examples of good practice in these areas, as well as to provide frameworks and concepts that promote reflection on the development of innovative and entrepreneurial information professionals and organizations. Its aim is to encourage information professionals at all levels in the organization to understand and engage creatively with innovation, and to realize the benefits of entrepreneurial action. The book invites all information professionals to develop their capacity to act entrepreneurially and to fully explore the full potential of innovation both for their own careers and in the interests of the success of their organizations. Its underlying philosophy is built on an acknowledgement of the considerable change and innovation that has been achieved in information organizations through the opening decades of the digital age, tempered by a belief that a future in which all information resources – including books and archives – will be accessed in digital format, poses even greater challenges for information professionals and organizations. The ability to move into uncharted territory, engage in and enjoy innovation, create radical new visions and manage resources in risky environments will be an essential prerequisite for the survival of organizations and for the career advancement of individuals.

  • 9 - Setting up the imaging operation

  • Anna E. Bülow, Jess Ahmon
  • Book:
    Preparing Collections for Digitization
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    16 December 2010, pp 159-170

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Document preparation as described in Chapter 7 ‘Preparation of document, formats and fastenings’ and Chapter 8 ‘Preparation of damaged documents’ is an indispensable part of an imaging operation not only to obtain the best possible image, but also for the sake of document welfare. However, there are numerous other aspects of the image capture operation that will have a bearing on document welfare. The use of original documents in a reading room would usually be subject to many restrictions and, similarly, imaging should be carried out in controlled conditions. Activities such as cleaning of equipment or use of marker sheets are seemingly minor but do have preservation implications. The collection manager should therefore be involved during the planning and setting up of the imaging operation so that they can advise on these issues.

    A large-scale operation can involve hundreds if not thousands of documents and a team of project staff working to a tight timescale. A poorly designed operation is potentially inefficient but also poses the risk of accidents to documents or staff, or the risk of items becoming mislaid or out of sequence. The operation should therefore take account of the processing and imaging requirements, and the preservation requirements of the documents, and balance this with the comfort and safety of the project staff.

    Working environment

    The choice of working on-site or off-site has been discussed in Chapter 2 ‘Before you digitize: resources, suppliers and surrogates’. From a preservation perspective an on-site operation is preferable because it will utilize existing systems, for example systems for document ordering, delivery and security, and because the transport of items to an off-site location poses a fresh set of risks. However, the factor that is common to both off-site and on-site operations is the need for appropriate environmental conditions. When establishing requirements for environmental conditions the institution should balance the needs of the collection with the needs of the imaging operation, in particular the need for human comfort.

Page 240 of 302