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The JACT Greek Course, which is aimed at beginning students in the upper school, at university and in adult education, was produced by a Project Team (Dr P. V. Jones, Dr K. C. Sidwell and Miss F. E. Corrie) working full-time at Hughes Hall, Cambridge between 1974 and 1978, under the guidance of a Steering Committee and Advisory Panel made up as follows:
Steering Committee: Professor J. P. A. Gould (Chairman; Bristol University)†; M. G. Balme (Harrow School)†; R. M. Griffin (Manchester Grammar School); Dr J. T. Killen (Joint Treasurer; Jesus College, Cambridge); Sir Desmond Lee (Joint Treasurer; President, Hughes Hall, Cambridge)†; A. C. F. Verity (Headmaster, Leeds Grammar School); Miss E. P. Story (Hughes Hall, Cambridge).
Advisory Panel: G. L. Cawkwell (University College, Oxford);Dr J. Chadwick (Downing College, Cambridge)†; Professor A.MorpurgoDavies (Somerville College, Oxford); Sir Kenneth Dover (President, Corpus Christi College, Oxford)†; Professor E.W.Handley (University College, London)†; B.W. Kay (HMI)†; Dr A. H. Sommerstein (Nottingham University); Dr B. Sparkes (Southampton University); G. Suggitt (Headmaster, Stratton School)†; A.F. Turberfield (HMI).
The first part of the JACT Greek Course is Reading Greek (Cambridge University Press, 1978), giving the student a thorough introduction to AtticGreek as well as to Herodotus and Homer. The Foreword to Reading Greek, written by Sir Kenneth Dover, and the Preface give details of the settingup, production, testing and methodology of the Course. The two volumes A World of Heroes: Selections from Homer, Herodotus and Sophocles and The Intellectual Revolution: Selections from Euripides, Thucydides and Plato are designed to take students on from Reading Greek and to give them a graded introduction to six of Ancient Greece’s most important authors.
The second, fully revised and reset edition of Reading Greek (2007) consists of two volumes, one of Text and Vocabulary and one of Grammar and Exercises. The fully revised and reset second editions of The Intellectual Revolution and A World of Heroes contain the same selections of authors and follow the same principles as the first editions in the provision of vocabulary and learning vocabulary, and rely on Greek Vocabulary in the same way, but there are two vital differences:
all help is given in the order in which it appears in the text;
the help now includes extensive grammatical and syntactical notes, together with comment of the sort one would expect to find in an edition of the works in hand.
The revision of A World of Heroes was undertaken by Anthony Verity (Homer), James Neville and Alan Griffiths (Herodotus) and Keith Maclennan (Sophocles). We are most grateful for their care and expertise in providing today’s students with what they will need to read these texts fluently and intelligently. Dr Jones is responsible for the final editing.
My very best thanks go to Cambridge University Press’s Leigh Mueller and Elizabeth Hanlon for the care they took over the editing of this new edition. Thanks also go to Cecilia Mackay for gathering the pictures and permissions.
The previous chapter dealt with the ways in which geographic location, climate, and physical environment helped to delineate Southeast Asia as a region and contributed to its ethnic and ecological diversity. It also showed that Southeast Asia’s global connections can be tracked from very early times as expanding networks of trade and communication allowed people, goods, and ideas to move across ever greater distances. Signaling the beginnings of an economic integration that would eventually encompass the entire world, these networks brought Southeast Asians into direct contact with traders, envoys, and religious figures from many places – India, China, the Ryukyu Islands, Arabia, Persia, and elsewhere – while opening opportunities for Southeast Asians themselves to travel to distant destinations. Connections across the Bay of Bengal were fostered by the rise of South India as a new commercial hub linking Southeast Asia to Africa and the Arab lands, and although the powerful southern Indian Chola dynasty is remembered in Southeast Asia primarily for the expedition mounted against Srivijaya in 1025, it was a source of artistic and cultural inspiration.
Southeast Asia’s links with China also expanded. While direct Chinese influence was greatest in Vietnam (called Dai Co Viet, “the Great Viet State” in the tenth century and then more formally “Dai Viet” from the mid-eleventh century), the Song dynasty was particularly concerned to strengthen trade relations across the region. This led to a continuous exchange of envoys and missions to and from other areas of Southeast Asia. Cultivating China’s favor was especially important for those rulers whose revenues came primarily from trade; between 960 and 1178 Srivijaya sent thirty-three missions to the Chinese court. However, although written accounts left by Chinese observers have been invaluable in reconstructing regional histories, we can only speculate about the experiences related by Southeast Asians who traveled to important Buddhist centers in India such as Bodhgaya and Nalanda or by the many envoys who were received in the imperial Chinese court.