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18 results

  • Automated data mining of the electronic health record for investigation of healthcare-associated outbreaks

  • Alexander J. Sundermann, James K. Miller, Jane W. Marsh, Melissa I. Saul, Kathleen A. Shutt, Marissa Pacey, Mustapha M. Mustapha, Ashley Ayres, A. William Pasculle, Jieshi Chen, Graham M. Snyder, Artur W. Dubrawski, Lee H. Harrison
  • Journal:
    Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 40 / Issue 3 / March 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 February 2019, pp. 314-319
    Print publication:
    March 2019
  • Background:

    Identifying routes of transmission among hospitalized patients during a healthcare-associated outbreak can be tedious, particularly among patients with complex hospital stays and multiple exposures. Data mining of the electronic health record (EHR) has the potential to rapidly identify common exposures among patients suspected of being part of an outbreak.

    Methods:

    We retrospectively analyzed 9 hospital outbreaks that occurred during 2011–2016 and that had previously been characterized both according to transmission route and by molecular characterization of the bacterial isolates. We determined (1) the ability of data mining of the EHR to identify the correct route of transmission, (2) how early the correct route was identified during the timeline of the outbreak, and (3) how many cases in the outbreaks could have been prevented had the system been running in real time.

    Results:

    Correct routes were identified for all outbreaks at the second patient, except for one outbreak involving >1 transmission route that was detected at the eighth patient. Up to 40 or 34 infections (78% or 66% of possible preventable infections, respectively) could have been prevented if data mining had been implemented in real time, assuming the initiation of an effective intervention within 7 or 14 days of identification of the transmission route, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    Data mining of the EHR was accurate for identifying routes of transmission among patients who were part of the outbreak. Prospective validation of this approach using routine whole-genome sequencing and data mining of the EHR for both outbreak detection and route attribution is ongoing.

Sperm Banking
  • Theory and Practice
  • Edited by Allan A. Pacey, Mathew J. Tomlinson
  • Published online:
    05 August 2016
    Print publication:
    26 March 2009
  • It is now routine to offer men the opportunity to bank sperm prior to medical treatments where there is a high risk of testicular damage. Some men also elect to bank sperm prior to vasectomy or before embarking on a high-risk activity, such as joining the armed services. This book examines the processes involved in banking sperm from sample production and storage, the subsequent treatment of the patient and the maintenance of the samples in storage, to the process of follow-up and the ultimate fate of frozen samples. Sperm Banking: Theory and Practice will be of particular interest to andrologists and embryologists involved in the running and establishment of sperm-banking services. The book will also be useful to medical and nursing professionals and counsellors involved in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions where there is a risk of infertility as a consequence of the treatment, including oncologists, hematologists and urologists.

  • Emerging from the museum: Joseph Dawson, mineralogist, 1740–1813

  • A. J. PACEY
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 36 / Issue 4 / December 2003
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2004, pp. 455-469
    Print publication:
    December 2003

  • Joseph Dawson is known mainly as one of the founders of Low Moor Ironworks, near Bradford (Yorkshire). But he also had wide interests in science. Local museum collections illustrate several aspects of his work in chemistry and mineralogy. His mineral collection is particularly important because it is accompanied by a rare early catalogue in Dawson's hand. This shows how he arranged his 2206 mineral specimens according to Thomas Thomson's essentially Wernerian classification. Dawson's comments about minerals as well as about iron furnaces demonstrate a view of science in which chemistry was fundamental. Moreover, his contacts with other iron-masters and leading industrialists, as well as with mineralogists and Nonconformist ministers, show him active within several networks through which scientific ideas, attitudes and practices were disseminated.

  • Some Early Heat Engine Concepts and the Conservation of Heat

  • A. J. Pacey
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 7 / Issue 2 / July 1974
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 135-145
    Print publication:
    July 1974

  • For the historian of thermodynamics, the outstanding events of the eighteenth century were the invention of the Newcomen atmospheric steam engine (1712), the patent of James Watt for a condenser separate from the engine's cylinder (1769), and Watt's further patent for the expansive use of steam (1782). These inventions, along with others concerned with hydraulic machinery, provided Sadi Carnot with the foundation on which he built, in 1824, the first fully general concept of a heat engine.

  • Some Early Kinetic Theories of Gases: Herapath and his Predecessors

  • G. R. Talbot, A. J. Pacey
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 3 / Issue 2 / December 1966
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 133-149
    Print publication:
    December 1966

  • This paper summarizes ideas about the nature of gases proposed during the period following the discovery of Boyle's law. Particular stress is laid on the hypotheses of the Bernoullis, and later, on the equally speculative work of Herapath. Reasons for the success of Herapath's theory, and the neglect of Daniel Bernoulli's are discussed, but it has not been thought necessary to take the story beyond the initial acceptance of Herapath's theory by J. P. Joule, because the paper is concerned only with the antecedents of the modern kinetic theory.