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In Peter's Letters to his Kinsfolk (1819) the young John Gibson Lockhart (under the guise of an elderly Welsh physician) portrayed and analysed the society of Regency Glasgow and Edinburgh in terms of German nationalist and Romantic criticism. Focusing on the networks of the law, the church, the universities, fine art, antiquarianism, literature, theatre, and periodical culture he provided a series of brilliant, sometimes serious and sometimes satirical, portraits of the most notable characters of the day and the institutions they represented, and his text is accompanied by a series of portrait engravings and of vignettes of significant moments in his tour. This edition presents the first complete text of this widely-allusive work published since 1819, together with the substantial notes that a modern reader requires to understand it fully. The editorial apparatus also comprises a detailed index and an essay on the contemporary illustrations.
This article examines the duty of full and frank disclosure of parties to family law financial proceedings in Australia, and the potential consequences of failure to comply with this fundamental obligation. The duty is briefly compared and contrasted with disclosure requirements in civil litigation and criminal proceedings to demonstrate the uniqueness of the family law position. The rationale and content of the duty is considered in light of recent cases including the High Court decisions of Stanford v Stanford (2012) 247 CLR 108 and Hall v Hall (2016) 257 CLR 490. The article presents a three-pronged taxonomy of the consequences of non-compliance with the duty, namely evidential, procedural, and final orders/related consequences. We conclude that the absolute nature of the duty and the comprehensive nature of the potential consequences of failure to make full disclosure mean that parties and legal practitioners do so at their peril.
The relevance of education and outreach (E&O) activities about the Antarctic Treaty has been recognized at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM) and at the Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP). This study examines the key topics and the target audiences detailed in papers submitted to the ATCM on E&O. Since the Antarctic Treaty entered into force in 1961, a total of 216 ATCM papers on E&O have been produced. The number of papers has increased substantially since the mid-1990s. ‘Science’ (76.9%) and ‘Wildlife/Biodiversity/Environment’ (75.5%) were the most addressed topics in these papers, while the ‘Public’ (81.0%) and those attending ‘Schools’ (69.0%) are the main target audiences. ‘Science’ in ATCM papers increased ~120-fold from 1961–1997 to 2015–2023, while ATCM papers discussing engagement with the ‘Public’ increased ~40-fold during the same period. ‘Climate change’ was first mentioned in 2006, and the number of papers per year increased fourfold by 2015–2023. This study shows the increasing interest in E&O through time, addressing key topics to relevant audiences related to the Antarctic region. From an educational perspective, attention should be paid to emerging topics (e.g. equity, diversity and inclusion), and the engagement of early-career professionals and educators should be made a priority.
The Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines Therapeutic-Clinical Working Group members gathered critical recommendations in follow-up to lessons learned manuscripts released earlier in the COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons around agent prioritization, preclinical therapeutics testing, master protocol design and implementation, drug manufacturing and supply, data sharing, and public–private partnership value are shared to inform responses to future pandemics.
In July 2021, Public Health Wales received two notifications of salmonella gastroenteritis. Both cases has attended the same barbecue to celebrate Eid al–Adha, two days earlier. Additional cases attending the same barbecue were found and an outbreak investigation was initiated. The barbecue was attended by a North African community’s social network. On same day, smaller lunches were held in three homes in the social network. Many people attended both a lunch and the barbecue. Cases were defined as someone with an epidemiological link to the barbecue and/or lunches with diarrhoea and/or vomiting with date of onset following these events. We undertook a cohort study of 36 people attending the barbecue and/or lunch, and a nested case-control study using Firth logistic regression. A communication campaign, sensitive towards different cultural practices, was developed in collaboration with the affected community. Consumption of a traditional raw liver dish, ‘marrara’, at the barbecue was the likely vehicle for infection (Firth logistic regression, aOR: 49.99, 95%CI 1.71–1461.54, p = 0.02). Meat and offal came from two local butchers (same supplier) and samples yielded identical whole genome sequences as cases. Future outbreak investigations should be relevant to the community affected by considering dishes beyond those found in routine questionnaires.
Measuring and attributing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains a challenging problem as the world strives toward meeting emissions reductions targets. As a significant portion of total global emissions, the road transportation sector represents an enormous challenge for estimating and tracking emissions at a global scale. To meet this challenge, we have developed a hybrid approach for estimating road transportation emissions that combines the strengths of machine learning and satellite imagery with localized emissions factors data to create an accurate, globally scalable, and easily configurable GHG monitoring framework.
Homeless shelter residents and staff may be at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection estimates in this population have been reliant on cross-sectional or outbreak investigation data. We conducted routine surveillance and outbreak testing in 23 homeless shelters in King County, Washington, to estimate the occurrence of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk factors during 1 January 2020–31 May 2021. Symptom surveys and nasal swabs were collected for SARS-CoV-2 testing by RT-PCR for residents aged ≥3 months and staff. We collected 12,915 specimens from 2,930 unique participants. We identified 4.74 (95% CI 4.00–5.58) SARS-CoV-2 infections per 100 individuals (residents: 4.96, 95% CI 4.12–5.91; staff: 3.86, 95% CI 2.43–5.79). Most infections were asymptomatic at the time of detection (74%) and detected during routine surveillance (73%). Outbreak testing yielded higher test positivity than routine surveillance (2.7% versus 0.9%). Among those infected, residents were less likely to report symptoms than staff. Participants who were vaccinated against seasonal influenza and were current smokers had lower odds of having an infection detected. Active surveillance that includes SARS-CoV-2 testing of all persons is essential in ascertaining the true burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections among residents and staff of congregate settings.
On 29 November 1815, not long after settling in Edinburgh in pursuit of a legal career, the young John Gibson Lockhart wrote to his Oxford friend Jonathan Christie of the city then cried up as the Modern Athens:
if the name Athens had been derived from the Goddess of Printing—not from the Goddess of Wisdom—no city in the world could with greater justice lay claim to the appellation […] Every other body you jostle is the father of at least an octavo, or two, and it is odds if you ever sit down to dinner in a company of a dozen, without having to count three or four quarto makers in the circle.
Edinburgh's two most prominent literary men were also lawyers: Walter Scott, one of the Principal Clerks of the Court of Session and the poet of The Lay of the Last Minstrel (1805) and Marmion (1808), and Francis Jeffrey, leading advocate in the courts and editor of the Edinburgh Review. In such an environment Lockhart may well have hoped to fulfil his own literary ambitions as well as to start a legal career, Edinburgh seeming to favour success more than had either Glasgow or Oxford, where earlier phases of his life had been spent.
Although Lockhart was born in the manse of Cambusnethan in Lanarkshire, on 12 June 1794, his clerical father was transferred to the Blackfriars College Kirk of Glasgow in 1796, so that Lockhart himself grew up in the heart of what was rapidly becoming the second city of the British Empire. Dr Lockhart lived in Charlotte Street, then a pleasant road of Georgian houses leading downhill towards the northwest corner of Glasgow Green, a large communal open green space near the River Clyde that acted as a lung for the increasingly industrialised city, used by citizens not only for washing laundry but also as recreational space. Lockhart was educated firstly at the city's Grammar School and then at Glasgow College, until in 1809 he won a Snell Exhibition to study at Balliol College, Oxford.