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  • The efficacy of adjunctive Garcinia mangostana Linn. (mangosteen) pericarp extract for bipolar depression: 24-week randomised controlled trial

  • Olivia M. Dean, Susan M. Cotton, Melanie M. Ashton, Alyna Turner, Lucy Saunders, Chee H. Ng, Malcolm Hopwood, Seetal Dodd, Jon-Paul Khoo, Adam J. Walker, Mary Lou Chatterton, Bianca E. Kavanagh, Sarah E. Nadjidai, Samantha L. Lo Monaco, Brian H. Harvey, Gin S. Malhi, Ellie Brown, David R. Skvarc, Danica Diao, Felice N. Jacka, Jerome Sarris, Nathan L. Dowling, Michael Berk
  • Journal:
    The British Journal of Psychiatry , FirstView
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 July 2025, pp. 1-10
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  • Background

    Bipolar depression remains difficult to treat, and people often experience ongoing residual symptoms, decreased functioning and impaired quality of life. Adjunctive therapies targeting novel pathways can provide wider treatment options and improve clinical outcomes. Garcinia mangostana Linn. (mangosteen) pericarp has serotonogenic, antioxidant anti-inflammatory and neurogenic properties of relevance to the mechanisms of bipolar depression.

    Aims

    The current 28-week randomised, multisite, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated mangosteen pericarp extract as an adjunct to treatment-as-usual for treatment of bipolar depression.

    Method

    This trial was prospectively registered on the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (no. ACTRN12616000028404). Participants aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of bipolar I or II and with at least moderate depressive symptoms were eligible for the study. A total of 1016 participants were initially approached or volunteered for the study, of whom 712 did not progress to screening, with an additional 152 screened out. Seventy participants were randomly allocated to mangosteen and 82 to a placebo control. Fifty participants in the mangosteen and 64 participants in the placebo condition completed the treatment period and were analysed.

    Results

    Results indicated limited support for the primary hypothesis of superior depression symptom reduction following 24 weeks of treatment. Although overall changes in depressive symptoms did not substantially differ between conditions over the course of the trial, we observed significantly greater improvements for the mangosteen condition at 24 weeks, compared with baseline, for mood symptoms, clinical impressions of bipolar severity and social functioning compared with controls. These differences were attenuated at week 28 post-discontinuation assessment.

    Conclusions

    Adjunctive mangosteen pericarp treatment appeared to have limited efficacy in mood and functional symptoms associated with bipolar disorder, but not with manic symptoms or quality of life, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach that should be verified by replication.

  • Closing the Wearable Gap: Foot–ankle kinematic modeling via deep learning models based on a smart sock wearable

  • Samaneh Davarzani, David Saucier, Purva Talegaonkar, Erin Parker, Alana Turner, Carver Middleton, Will Carroll, John E. Ball, Ali Gurbuz, Harish Chander, Reuben F. Burch V, Brian K. Smith, Adam Knight, Charles Freeman
  • Journal:
    Wearable Technologies / Volume 4 / 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 February 2023, e4
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  • The development of wearable technology, which enables motion tracking analysis for human movement outside the laboratory, can improve awareness of personal health and performance. This study used a wearable smart sock prototype to track foot–ankle kinematics during gait movement. Multivariable linear regression and two deep learning models, including long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural networks, were trained to estimate the joint angles in sagittal and frontal planes measured by an optical motion capture system. Participant-specific models were established for ten healthy subjects walking on a treadmill. The prototype was tested at various walking speeds to assess its ability to track movements for multiple speeds and generalize models for estimating joint angles in sagittal and frontal planes. LSTM outperformed other models with lower mean absolute error (MAE), lower root mean squared error, and higher R-squared values. The average MAE score was less than 1.138° and 0.939° in sagittal and frontal planes, respectively, when training models for each speed and 2.15° and 1.14° when trained and evaluated for all speeds. These results indicate wearable smart socks to generalize foot–ankle kinematics over various walking speeds with relatively low error and could consequently be used to measure gait parameters without the need for a lab-constricted motion capture system.

  • Introduction

  • Translated by Brian Turner, Portland State University, Richard J. A. Talbert, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
  • Book:
    Pliny the Elder's World
    Published online:
    26 April 2022
    Print publication:
    19 May 2022, pp 1-10
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