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11 results

  • 14 - Sudan from 1919

  • from PART II - INDEPENDENCE AND REVIVAL C. 1919 TO THE PRESENT
  • Edited by Francis Robinson
  • Book:
    The New Cambridge History of Islam
    Published online:
    28 March 2011
    Print publication:
    04 November 2010, pp 402-416

  • Summary

    Sudanese have struggled to forge a national identity within African, Arab, Christian, Muslim and animist traditions. Chronic civil war in Africa’s geographically largest nation has frustrated this quest since independence in 1956. There are regional divisions, and between wealthy urban elites and poor rural farmers. There are issues of politics, a secular democratic society versus a sacred order with a history of militarism and occasional multi-party governments. Petroleum, mainly from the south, has complicated the goal of a stable unitary state. Yet in January 2005 a peace agreement ended decades of civil war between north and south. There is broad relief and optimism that ‘a bad peace is better than a good war’. Still, the Naivasha Accords have not addressed all issues and parties, nor have all past agreements been honoured.

    Most Sudanese are Muslims, but significant numbers are Christians and others hold indigenous and syncretic beliefs. Many southern leaders emphasise their Christianity to oppose the Islamist agendas of the Muslim regimes. The Sudan is about a third ‘Northerners’, who may claim an ‘Arab’ identity since Arabic is their first language. A third are ‘Southerners’, a multi-ethnic and multilingual group including Dinka, Nuer, Shilluk, Equatorians and others. Another third are the ‘marginal’ ethnic groups of Darfur, Kordofan, the Nuba Mountains and eastern Sudan. All of these groups have internal diversity, and debatable population sizes.

  • Circulars of the Sharī'a Courts in the Sudan (Manshūrāt el-Mahākim el-Sharī'a fi Sūdān) 1902–1979

  • Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban
  • Journal:
    Journal of African Law / Volume 27 / Issue 2 / Autumn 1983
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 July 2009, pp. 79-140
    Print publication:
    Autumn 1983

  • An excellent documentation of the twentieth century history of the Sharī'a in Sudan is contained within the Judicial Circulars which have been issued from the office of the Grand Qadi from 1902–1979. During the colonial period and in the post-independence period the Circulars provided a unique means for modifying the adapting Sharī'a law in the Sudan, drawing on opinions of the Hanafī and Mālikī schools of juristic interpretation.

    These Circulars and Memoranda are, in fact, basic to an understanding of the practice and application of the Sharī'a law in the Sudan. It is with these Circulars that I began my study of Sharī'a law and it is because of their importance that they were translated for my own work and in the hope that they may shortly be offered to students of the law of the Sudan who lack proficiency in the Arabic language.

  • An Analysis of Homicide in the Afro-Arab Sudan

  • Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban
  • Journal:
    Journal of African Law / Volume 20 / Issue 1 / Spring 1976
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 July 2009, pp. 20-38
    Print publication:
    Spring 1976

  • This paper has attempted to bring out the essentials of a larger study of Sudanese homicide. This is the first study of homicide and major crime in the Sudan which embraces the many diverse ethnic groups that constitute the Sudanese population. It is the first time that so many cases have been analysed for the purpose of disclosing sociological patterns of killing and violence in Sudanese society. Such studies are rare for African countries and practically non-existent for the Arab countries. The Sudan's unique position, straddling both the Arab and African worlds, make this study in part both a study of African homicide and of homicide in the Middle East.