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Part III
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Intersections: National(ist) Synergies and Tensions with Other Social, Economic, Political, and Cultural Categories, Identities, and Practices
Notions of shared collective identity or ethnos are ancient belief systems imbibed at an early age, codified in literature, and transmitted through learned or sacred texts and “common knowledge.” There may be elements of logic in such beliefs that become harder to uncover with the passage of centuries. For example, notions of collective identity often perpetuate the belief that the stranger brings danger and only “kin-culture communities” (to use Azar Gat’s term) can be trusted.1 Perhaps logical caution developed into custom and was perpetuated by political practice (i.e. the formation of states). The modern idea of race, which views human populations as fundamentally different from each other in measurable ways, can be linked most emphatically to colonial exploitation in the early modern and modern eras. In its assumption about nature, it is thus fundamentally different from earlier ideas about ethnos or collective identity.
This major new reference work with contributions from an international team of scholars provides a comprehensive account of ideas and practices of nationhood and nationalism from antiquity to the present. It considers both continuities and discontinuities, engaging critically and analytically with the scholarly literature in the field. In volume II, leading scholars in their fields explore the dynamics of nationhood and nationalism's interactions with a wide variety of cultural practices and social institutions – in addition to the phenomenon's crucial political dimensions. The relationships between imperialism and nationhood/nationalism and between major world religions and ethno-national identities are among the key themes explained and explored. The wide range of case studies from around the world brings a truly global, comparative perspective to a field whose study was long constrained by Eurocentric assumptions.
This major new reference work with contributions from an international team of scholars provides a comprehensive account of ideas and practices of nationhood and nationalism from antiquity to the present. It considers both continuities and discontinuities, engaging critically and analytically with the scholarly literature in the field. Volume I starts with a series of case studies of classical civilizations. It then explores a wide range of pivotal moments and turning points in the history of identity politics during the age of globalization, from 1500 through to the twentieth century. This overview is truly global, covering countries in East and South Asia as well as Europe and the Americas.