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Density-functional theory (DFT) simulations are applied to obtain elastic, strength, and EOS properties of actinide metals under extreme conditions. In this presentation, we will show our recent study on temperature effects of the properties of solids of actinide metals. For example of low temperature uranium (U) solids, elastic constants are calculated directly from the DFT total energy for the ground-state phase in a wide pressure range. For higher temperature U solids, we are applying a recent scheme to calculate temperature-dependent phonon dispersions through the self-consistent ab initio lattice dynamics (SCAILD) technique. This scheme is particular important for the higher temperature phases that the elasticity cannot be analogously obtained because of its mechanical instability at lower temperatures. From these SCAILD phonon dispersions we then extract the elastic constants from the slopes approaching the Γ point. In addition, the phonon density of states of U obtained from SCAILD/DFT calculations have been used to parameterize a double Debye model for its ion-thermal free energy. We will discuss the ramification of this new Debye model on our development of multi-phase uranium EOS.
To understand the behavioral determinants of hand hygiene in our hospital.
Qualitative study based on 17 focus groups.
Mount Sinai Hospital, an acute care tertiary hospital affiliated with the University of Toronto.
We recruited 153 healthcare workers (HCWs) representing all major patient care job categories.
Focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was independently conducted by 3 investigators.
Participants reported that the realities of their workload (eg, urgent care and interruptions) make complete adherence to hand hygiene impossible. The guidelines were described as overly conservative, and participants expressed that their judgement is adequate to determine when to perform hand hygiene. Discussions revealed gaps in knowledge among participants; most participants expressed interest in more information and education. Participants reported self-protection as the primary reason for the performance of hand hygiene, and many admitted to prolonged glove use because it gave them a sense of protection. Limited access to hand hygiene products was a source of frustration, as was confusion related to hospital equipment as potential vehicles for transmission of infection. Participants said that they noticed other HCWs' adherence and reported that others HCWs' hygiene practices influenced their own attitudes and practices. In particular, HCWs perceive physicians as role models; physicians, however, do not see themselves as such.
Our results confirm previous findings that hand hygiene is practiced for personal protection, that limited access to supplies is a barrier, and that role models and a sense of team effort encourage hand hygiene. Educating HCWs on how to manage workload with guideline adherence and addressing contaminated hospital equipment may improve compliance.
We sought to identify magnetic resonance- (MR)-imaged structures associated with declarative memory in a community-dwelling sample of elderly Mexican–American individuals with a spectrum of cognitive decline. Measured structures were the hemispheric volumes of the hippocampus (HC), parahippocampal gyrus, and remaining temporal lobes, as well as severity of white matter signal hyperintensities (WMH). Participants were an imaged subsample from the Sacramento Area Latino Study of Aging (SALSA), N = 122. Individuals were categorized as normal, memory impaired (MI), cognitively impaired non-demented (CIND), or demented. We show that WMH was the strongest structural predictor for performance on a delayed free-recall task (episodic memory) in the entire sample. The association of WMH with delayed recall was most prominent in elderly normals and mildly cognitively impaired individuals with no dementia or impairment of daily function. However, the left HC was associated with verbal delayed recall only in people with dementia. The right HC volume predicted nonverbal semantic-memory performance. We conclude that WMH are an important pathological substrate that affects certain memory functions in normal individuals and those with mild memory loss and discuss how tasks associated with WMH may rely upon frontal lobe function. (JINS, 2004, 10, 371–381.)
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