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3 results

  • Differences in white matter hyperintensities in socioeconomically deprived groups: results of the population-based LIFE Adult Study

  • Francisca S. Rodriguez, Leonie Lampe, Michael Gaebler, Frauke Beyer, Ronny Baber, Ralph Burkhardt, Matthias L. Schroeter, Christoph Engel, Markus Löffler, Joachim Thiery, Arno Villringer, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, A. Veronica Witte
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 36 / Issue 9 / September 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2023, pp. 785-798
    • Article
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  • Objective:

    Previous studies have shown that socioeconomically deprived groups exhibit higher lesion load of the white matter (WM) in aging. The aim of this study was to (i) investigate to what extent education and income may contribute to differences in white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and (ii) identify risk profiles related to a higher prevalence of age-associated WMH.

    Design and Setting:

    Population-based adult study of the Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE) in Leipzig, Germany.

    Participants:

    Dementia-free sample aged 40–80 years (n = 1,185) derived from the population registry.

    Measurements:

    Information was obtained in standardized interviews. WMH (including the derived Fazekas scores) were assessed using automated segmentation of high-resolution T1-weighted anatomical and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI acquired at 3T.

    Results:

    Despite a significant association between income and WMH in univariate analyses, results from adjusted models (age, gender, arterial hypertension, heart disease, and APOE e4 allele) indicated no association between income and WMH. Education was associated with Fazekas scores, but not with WMH and not after Bonferroni correction. Prevalence of some health-related risk factors was significantly higher among low-income/education groups. After combining risk factors in a factor analysis, results from adjusted models indicated significant associations between higher distress and more WMH as well as between obesity and more deep WMH.

    Conclusions:

    Previously observed differences in WMH between socioeconomically deprived groups might stem from differences in health-related risk factors. These risk factors should be targeted in prevention programs tailored to socioeconomically deprived individuals.

  • 10 - Tungsten Isotopes and the Origin of Chondrules and Chondrites

  • from Part I - Observations of Chondrules
  • Edited by Sara S. Russell, Natural History Museum, London, Harold C. Connolly Jr., Rowan University, New Jersey, Alexander N. Krot, University of Hawaii, Manoa
  • Book:
    Chondrules
    Published online:
    30 June 2018
    Print publication:
    19 July 2018, pp 276-299

  • Summary

    Chondrules and matrix from carbonaceous chondrites exhibit complementary nucleosynthetic W isotope anomalies that result from the depletion of a metallic s-process carrier in the chondrules, and the enrichment of this carrier in the matrix. The complementarity is difficult to reconcile with an origin of chondrules in protoplanetary impacts and also with models in which chondrules and matrix formed independently of each other in distinct regions of the disk. Instead, the complementarity indicates that chondrules formed by localized melting of dust aggregates in the solar nebula. The Hf–W ages for metal-silicate fractionation in CV and CR chondrites are 2.2 ± 0.8 Ma and 3.6 ± 0.6 Ma after formation of Ca-Al-rich inclusions, and are indistinguishable from Al–Mg ages for CV and CR chondrules. The good agreement between these ages strongly suggests that 26Al was homogeneously distributed in the solar protoplanetary disk and that therefore Al–Mg ages are chronologically meaningful. The concordant Al–Mg and Hf–W ages reveal that chondrule formation (as dated by Al–Mg) was associated with metal-silicate fractionation (as dated by Hf–W), both within a given chondrite but also among the different subgroups of ordinary chondrites. These age data indicate that chondrules from a given chondrite group formed in a narrow time interval of <1 Ma, and that chondrule formation and chondrite accretion were closely linked in time and space. The rapid accretion of chondrules into a chondrite parent body is consistent with the isotopic complementarity, which requires that neither chondrules nor matrix were lost prior to chondrite accretion. Combined, these observations suggest that chondrule formation was an important step in the accretion of planetesimals.