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19 results

  • Genetic Variation in the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative

  • Part of
  • Allison A. Dilliott, Emily C. Evans, Sali M.K. Farhan, Mahdi Ghani, Christine Sato, Ming Zhang, Adam D. McIntyre, Henian Cao, Lemuel Racacho, John F. Robinson, Michael J. Strong, Mario Masellis, Dennis E. Bulman, Ekaterina Rogaeva, Sandra E. Black, Elizabeth Finger, Andrew Frank, Morris Freedman, Ayman Hassan, Anthony Lang, Christen L. Shoesmith, Richard H. Swartz, David Tang-Wai, Maria Carmela Tartaglia, John Turnbull, Lorne Zinman, the ONDRI Investigators, Robert A. Hegele
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 46 / Issue 5 / September 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 August 2019, pp. 491-498
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  • Background/Objective:

    Apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 is the main genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to the consistent association, there is interest as to whether E4 influences the risk of other neurodegenerative diseases. Further, there is a constant search for other genetic biomarkers contributing to these phenotypes, such as microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) haplotypes. Here, participants from the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative were genotyped to investigate whether the APOE E4 allele or MAPT H1 haplotype are associated with five neurodegenerative diseases: (1) AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), (2) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, (3) frontotemporal dementia (FTD), (4) Parkinson’s disease, and (5) vascular cognitive impairment.

    Methods:

    Genotypes were defined for their respective APOE allele and MAPT haplotype calls for each participant, and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associations with the presentations of neurodegenerative diseases.

    Results:

    Our work confirmed the association of the E4 allele with a dose-dependent increased presentation of AD, and an association between the E4 allele alone and MCI; however, the other four diseases were not associated with E4. Further, the APOE E2 allele was associated with decreased presentation of both AD and MCI. No associations were identified between MAPT haplotype and the neurodegenerative disease cohorts; but following subtyping of the FTD cohort, the H1 haplotype was significantly associated with progressive supranuclear palsy.

    Conclusion:

    This is the first study to concurrently analyze the association of APOE isoforms and MAPT haplotypes with five neurodegenerative diseases using consistent enrollment criteria and broad phenotypic analysis.

Incentivized Development in China
  • Leaders, Governance, and Growth in China's Counties
  • David J. Bulman
  • Published online:
    27 October 2016
    Print publication:
    18 October 2016
  • China's economy, as a whole, has developed rapidly over the past 35 years, and yet its richest county is over 100 times richer in per capita terms than its poorest county. To explain this vast variation in development, David J. Bulman investigates the political foundations of local economic growth in China, focusing on the institutional and economic roles of county-level leaders and the career incentives that shape their behaviour. Through a close examination of six counties complemented by unique nation-wide data, he presents and explores two related questions: what is the role of County Party Secretaries in determining local governance and growth outcomes? And why do County Party Secretaries emphasize particular developmental priorities? Suitable for scholars of political economy, development economics, and comparative politics, this original study analyzes the relationship between political institutions, local governance, and leadership roles within Chinese government to explain the growing divergence in economic development between counties.

  • 1 - Introduction

  • David J. Bulman, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Massachusetts
  • Book:
    Incentivized Development in China
    Published online:
    27 October 2016
    Print publication:
    18 October 2016, pp 1-25
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