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three - Electoral competition in Canada among centre-left parties: liberals versus social democracts
- Edited by Rob Manwaring, Flinders University, Adelaide, Paul Kennedy, University of Bath
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- Book:
- Why the Left Loses
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 08 April 2022
- Print publication:
- 01 November 2017, pp 39-52
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Summary
In their introduction of What's left of the left, Cronin, Ross and Shoch (2011: 3) discuss how many electable parties in Western democracies could be categorised as centre-lefts. However, these parties are so diverse that it is more apt to talk of ‘centre-lefts’ that include ‘social liberals, social democrats, democratic socialists, progressives, greens, and human rights campaigners’ (Cronin et al, 2011, p 3). Despite the disagreements of these ‘centre-lefts’ on a variety of issues, Cronin et al hold that they share a common commitment to state intervention in the economy, wealth redistribution, environmental protection and individual cultural liberties while recognising the multiple constraints of economic internationalisation.
In Canada, the concept of ‘centre-lefts’ has been particularly pertinent over the last decade. Roughly two-thirds of Canadian voters have values and policy positions that could be broadly defined as ‘leftof- centre’ or ‘progressive’ in Canadian parlance (McGrane, 2015). During the decade of rule by a decidedly right-wing Conservative government under Stephen Harper's prime ministership, no less than four parties emerged as Canada's ‘centre-lefts’ to court this clientele of left-of-centre voters. Unlike other Western countries, where there is a more distinct left/right polarisation in party systems, Canada has two relatively large centre-left parties: the centrist Liberals, that has won successive majority governments during the 20th century, and the fledgling New Democratic Party (NDP), that often comes third in Canadian federal elections.
Scholarly explanations for the Liberals’ dominance of Canadian federal politics abound. The most common explanations point to Canada's lack of an industrial base and lack of strong unions that would accompany that, the effectiveness of the Liberals in brokering a compromise between French and English linguistic groups, and the Liberals’ efficient internal organisation (Carty, 2015; Johnston, 2017). The other two centre-left parties are the social democratic Bloc Québécois, who advocate for the separation of Quebec from Canada, and run candidates only in that province, and the Canadian Greens, who run candidates in all constituencies but routinely struggle to elect even one MP and win more than 5 per cent of the national vote.
Table 3.1, depicting the results of Canadian federal elections from 2006 to 2015, can be found below.
Public Policies toward Aboriginal Peoples: Attitudinal Obstacles and Uphill Battles
- Stephen White, Michael M. Atkinson, Loleen Berdahl, David McGrane
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique / Volume 48 / Issue 2 / June 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 December 2015, pp. 281-304
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This paper examines public attitudes towards aboriginal policy in Canada, focusing on evidence from two surveys conducted in Saskatchewan, a province with a large and growing Aboriginal population. We show that although non-Aboriginals are collectively divided on Aboriginal public policies, expressing considerable support for some, but strong reservations when it comes to others; the individual-level evidence indicates that there is a single Aboriginal policy agenda in the minds of non-Aboriginal Canadians. Support for, and opposition to, the privileging of Aboriginal claims is structured in part by prejudice toward outgroups but also by non-Aboriginal people's more general position on the role of government in society. Moreover, the impact of positions about the role of government in society on attitudes toward Aboriginal policies is moderated by people's level of political sophistication: the more educated and politically interested they are, the greater the impact of those ideological views.
Contributors
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- By Waiel Almoustadi, Brian J. Anderson, David B. Auyong, Michael Avidan, Michael J. Avram, Roland J. Bainton, Jeffrey R. Balser, Juliana Barr, W. Scott Beattie, Manfred Blobner, T. Andrew Bowdle, Walter A. Boyle, Eugene B. Campbell, Laura F. Cavallone, Mario Cibelli, C. Michael Crowder, Ola Dale, M. Frances Davies, Mark Dershwitz, George Despotis, Clifford S. Deutschman, Brian S. Donahue, Marcel E. Durieux, Thomas J. Ebert, Talmage D. Egan, Helge Eilers, E. Wesley Ely, Charles W. Emala, Alex S. Evers, Heidrun Fink, Pierre Foëx, Stuart A. Forman, Helen F. Galley, Josephine M. Garcia-Ferrer, Robert W. Gereau, Tony Gin, David Glick, B. Joseph Guglielmo, Dhanesh K. Gupta, Howard B. Gutstein, Robert G. Hahn, Greg B. Hammer, Brian P. Head, Helen Higham, Laureen Hill, Kirk Hogan, Charles W. Hogue, Christopher G. Hughes, Eric Jacobsohn, Roger A. Johns, Dean R. Jones, Max Kelz, Evan D. Kharasch, Ellen W. King, W. Andrew Kofke, Tom C. Krejcie, Richard M. Langford, H. T. Lee, Isobel Lever, Jerrold H. Levy, J. Lance Lichtor, Larry Lindenbaum, Hung Pin Liu, Geoff Lockwood, Alex Macario, Conan MacDougall, M. B. MacIver, Aman Mahajan, Nándor Marczin, J. A. Jeevendra Martyn, George A. Mashour, Mervyn Maze, Thomas McDowell, Stuart McGrane, Berend Mets, Patrick Meybohm, Charles F. Minto, Jonathan Moss, Mohamed Naguib, Istvan Nagy, Nick Oliver, Paul S. Pagel, Pratik P. Pandharipande, Piyush Patel, Andrew J. Patterson, Robert A. Pearce, Ronald G. Pearl, Misha Perouansky, Kristof Racz, Chinniampalayam Rajamohan, Nilesh Randive, Imre Redai, Stephen Robinson, Richard W. Rosenquist, Carl E. Rosow, Uwe Rudolph, Francis V. Salinas, Robert D. Sanders, Sunita Sastry, Michael Schäfer, Jens Scholz, Thomas W. Schnider, Mark A. Schumacher, John W. Sear, Frédérique S. Servin, Jeffrey H. Silverstein, Tom De Smet, Martin Smith, Joe Henry Steinbach, Markus Steinfath, David F. Stowe, Gary R. Strichartz, Michel M. R. F. Struys, Isao Tsuneyoshi, Robert A. Veselis, Arthur Wallace, Robert P. Walt, David C. Warltier, Nigel R. Webster, Jeanine Wiener-Kronish, Troy Wildes, Paul Wischmeyer, Ling-Gang Wu, Stephen Yang
- Edited by Alex S. Evers, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mervyn Maze, University of California, San Francisco, Evan D. Kharasch, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis
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- Book:
- Anesthetic Pharmacology
- Published online:
- 11 April 2011
- Print publication:
- 10 March 2011, pp viii-xiv
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