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Sampling – using a stochastically drawn subset of possibilities – has been at the core of many influential modeling frameworks of human decision making for the last half century. Although these frameworks all refer to their core operation as “sampling,” they differ dramatically in the behaviors and inferences they aim to account for. Here we review this landscape of sampling models under a unified expected utility framework which treats diverse sampling accounts as approximating different terms in the expected utility calculation. We show that a broad range of sample-based models in psychology are built around sampled data, beliefs, or actions and can therefore support downstream expected utility maximization. To compare these models on an even footing, our review focuses on how the number of samples and the sample distribution differ within each element of the expected utility calculation. This integrated summary allows us to identify opportunities for fruitful cross-pollination across sampling domains, and to highlight outstanding challenges for accounts that might aim to integrate these disparate models.

Pietraszewski proposes four triadic “primitives” for representing social groups. We argue that, despite surface differences, these triads can all be reduced to similar underlying welfare trade-off ratios, which are a better candidate for social group primitives. Welfare trade-off ratios also have limitations, however, and we suggest there are multiple computational strategies by which people recognize and reason about social groups.

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Chapter 22 - Sampling Data, Beliefs, and Actions

Summary

Triadic conflict “primitives” can be reduced to welfare trade-off ratios

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Chapter 22 - Sampling Data, Beliefs, and Actions

Summary

Triadic conflict “primitives” can be reduced to welfare trade-off ratios