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Resilience and brain connectivity
- A. Galinowski, M. Miranda, H. Lemaitre, M.-L. Paillère Martinot, H. Vulser, E. Artiges, J.-L. Martinot, Imagen Consortium
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 28 / Issue S2 / November 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 59
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A definition of resilience is the capacity to resist mental disorders despite exposure to stress. Little is known about its biological concomitants. In adults, biochemical and hormonal factors have been advocated. Smaller Corpus Callosum (CC) volume and lower Fractional Anisotropy (FA) have been observed in psychiatric and stress-related conditions. There is no Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) study of resilience in adolescence, a critical lifetime period for neural and psychological maturation. We hypothesized that higher FA in the CC would characterize stress-resilient adolescents.
MethodsThree community groups were compared: resilient adolescents – with low risk of mental disorder despite high exposure to lifetime stress, adolescents at risk of mental disorder exposed to the same level of stress, and controls. Personality was assessed by NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and cognitive function by a battery of tests. Voxelwise statistics of DTI values in CC were obtained using Tract-Based Spatial Statistic. Regional projections were identified by probabilistic tractography.
resultsHigher FA values were detected in the anterior CC of resilient compared with both non-resilient and control adolescents. FA values varied according to resilience capacity. Regional changes in CC were in regions that project onto anterior cingulated and frontal cortex. Neuroticism and three other personality factors differentiated at risk adolescents from the other two groups.
ConclusionHigh FA was detected in resilient adolescents in an anterior CC region projecting to frontal areas subserving cognitive resources. Psychiatric risk in adolescents was associated with personality characteristics. Resilience in adolescence may be a dimension embedding white matter features.
Vulnérabilité aux troubles de l’humeur à l’adolescence
- M.-L. Paillère-Martinot, H. Lemaitre, H. Vulser, E. Artiges, R. Miranda, J.-L. Martinot, Imagen Consortium
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 28 / Issue S2 / November 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 60
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L’instabilité émotionnelle est fréquente à l’adolescence et peut parfois être considérée comme un trouble de l’humeur subsyndromique. Or, les tableaux subsyndromiques de manie ou de dépression à l’adolescence évoluent souvent vers des troubles de l’humeur. Nous avons recherché, chez des adolescents « subsyndromiques », s’il existait des modifications cérébrales voisines de celles retrouvées dans les troubles de l’humeur avérés. Les participants étaient tous issus de la cohorte IMAGEN qui a rassemblé des données de plus de 2000 adolescents européens scolarisés en classes de 4e et 3e. Ils avaient été examinés en imagerie cérébrale anatomique (IRM T1 et de diffusion) et évalués par un entretien diagnostique informatisé permettant l’évaluation d’éventuels symptômes. Une première étude a comparé la microstructure de la substance blanche et le volume de substance grise chez des participants présentant des symptômes bipolaires maniaques subsyndromiques comparés à des adolescents pris comme témoins. Une deuxième étude a été menée chez des adolescents ayant des symptômes subsyndromiques de dépression. L’analyse des images a mis en évidence chez les adolescents à bipolarité subsyndromique des variations de la microstructure de la substance blanche dans plusieurs faisceaux en cours de maturation, et un moindre volume de substance grise dans des régions du cerveau contribuant à la régulation émotionnelle. Chez les adolescents « subdéprimés », des modifications étaient également présentes dans le réseau fronto-striatal. Pour la première fois, des modifications de la structure cérébrale de régions impliquées dans les troubles de l’humeur ont été mises en évidence chez des adolescents scolarisés ayant des symptômes subsyndromiques. Ces résultats suggèrent des particularités de maturation cérébrale à l’adolescence qui pourraient entraîner une vulnérabilité aux troubles de l’humeur.
2177 – Neuroanatomical Changes Associated With Subthreshold Depression In Adolescents
- H. Vulser, M.-L. Paillere-Martinot, H. Lemaitre, R. Miranda, E. Artiges, R. Goodman, J. Penttilä, M. Struve, T. Fadai, V. Kappel, L. Poustka, P. Conrod, T. Banaschewski, A. Barbot, G.J. Barker, C. Büchel, H. Flor, J. Gallinat, H. Garavan, A. Heinz, B. Ittermann, C. Lawrence, E. Loth, K. Mann, T. Paus, Z. Pausova, M. Rietschel, T.W. Robbins, M. Smolka, G. Schumann, J.-L. Martinot, IMAGEN Consortium
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 28 / Issue S1 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, 28-E1340
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Introduction
Although neuroimaging studies suggest brain regional abnormalities in depressive disorders, it remains unclear whether abnormalities are present at illness onset or reflect disease progression.
ObjectivesWe hypothesized that cerebral variations were present in adolescents with subthreshold depression known to be at high risk for later full-blown depression.
AimsWe examined brain structural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images of adolescents with subthreshold depression.
MethodsThe participants were extracted from the European IMAGEN study cohort of healthy adolescents recruited at age 14. Subthreshold depression was defined as a distinct period of abnormally depressed or irritable mood, or loss of interest, plus two or more depressive symptoms but without diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode. Comparisons were performed between adolescents meeting these criteria and control adolescents within the T1-weighted imaging modality (118 and 475 adolescents respectively) using voxel-based morphometry and the diffusion tensor imaging modality (89 ad 422 adolescents respectively) using tract-based spatial statistics. Whole brain analyses were performed with a statistical threshold set to p< 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons.
ResultsCompared with controls, adolescents with subthreshold depression had smaller gray matter volume in caudate nuclei, medial frontal and cingulate cortices; smaller white matter volume in anterior limb of internal capsules, left forceps minor and right cingulum; and lower fractional anisotropy and higher radial diffusivity in the genu of corpus callosum.
ConclusionsThe findings suggest that adolescents with subthreshold depression have volumetric and microstructural gray and white matter changes in the emotion regulation frontal-striatal-limbic network.
Resilience and corpus callosum microstructure in adolescence
- A. Galinowski, R. Miranda, H. Lemaitre, M.-L. Paillère Martinot, E. Artiges, H. Vulser, R. Goodman, J. Penttilä, M. Struve, A. Barbot, T. Fadai, L. Poustka, P. Conrod, T. Banaschewski, G. J. Barker, A. Bokde, U. Bromberg, C. Büchel, H. Flor, J. Gallinat, H. Garavan, A. Heinz, B. Ittermann, V. Kappel, C. Lawrence, E. Loth, K. Mann, F. Nees, T. Paus, Z. Pausova, J.-B. Poline, M. Rietschel, T. W. Robbins, M. Smolka, G. Schumann, J.-L. Martinot, the IMAGEN Consortium
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 45 / Issue 11 / August 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 March 2015, pp. 2285-2294
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Background
Resilience is the capacity of individuals to resist mental disorders despite exposure to stress. Little is known about its neural underpinnings. The putative variation of white-matter microstructure with resilience in adolescence, a critical period for brain maturation and onset of high-prevalence mental disorders, has not been assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Lower fractional anisotropy (FA) though, has been reported in the corpus callosum (CC), the brain's largest white-matter structure, in psychiatric and stress-related conditions. We hypothesized that higher FA in the CC would characterize stress-resilient adolescents.
MethodThree groups of adolescents recruited from the community were compared: resilient with low risk of mental disorder despite high exposure to lifetime stress (n = 55), at-risk of mental disorder exposed to the same level of stress (n = 68), and controls (n = 123). Personality was assessed by the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Voxelwise statistics of DTI values in CC were obtained using tract-based spatial statistics. Regional projections were identified by probabilistic tractography.
ResultsHigher FA values were detected in the anterior CC of resilient compared to both non-resilient and control adolescents. FA values varied according to resilience capacity. Seed regional changes in anterior CC projected onto anterior cingulate and frontal cortex. Neuroticism and three other NEO-FFI factor scores differentiated non-resilient participants from the other two groups.
ConclusionHigh FA was detected in resilient adolescents in an anterior CC region projecting to frontal areas subserving cognitive resources. Psychiatric risk was associated with personality characteristics. Resilience in adolescence may be related to white-matter microstructure.