Structural and thermodynamic properties of equilibrated ultrathin Pd-Au, Cu-Ag, and Co-Ag alloys on Ru(0001) were studied and are comparatively discussed. These studies provide a framework for a detailed understanding of the energetics of surface alloy formation.
Additionally, the differences between the two bulk immiscible systems (Cu-Ag and Co-Ag) and the bulk miscible Pd-Au system are discussed.