13 results
The coming perfect storm: Diminishing sustainability of coastal human–natural systems in the Anthropocene
- John W. Day, Charles A. Hall, Kent Klitgaard, Joel D. Gunn, Jae-Young Ko, Joseph R. Burger
-
- Journal:
- Cambridge Prisms: Coastal Futures / Volume 1 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 August 2023, e35
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
We review impacts of climate change, energy scarcity, and economic frameworks on sustainability of natural and human systems in coastal zones, areas of high biodiversity, productivity, population density, and economic activity. More than 50% of the global population lives within 200 km of a coast, mostly in tropical developing countries. These systems developed during stable Holocene conditions. Changes in global forcings are threatening sustainability of coastal ecosystems and populations. During the Holocene, the earth warmed and became wetter and more productive. Climate changes are impacting coastal systems via sea level rise, stronger tropical cyclones, changes in basin inputs, and extreme weather events. These impacts are passing tipping points as the fossil fuel-powered industrial-technological-agricultural revolution has overwhelmed the source–sink functions of the biosphere and degraded natural systems. The current status of industrialized society is primarily the result of fossil fuel (FF) use. FFs provided more than 80% of global primary energy and are projected to decline to 50% by mid-century. This has profound implications for societal energy requirements, including the transition to a renewable economy. The development of the industrial economy allowed coastal social systems to become spatially separated from their dominant energy and food sources. This will become more difficult to maintain with the fading of cheap energy. It seems inevitable that past growth in energy use, resource consumption, and economic growth cannot be sustained, and coastal areas are in the forefront of these challenges. Rapid planning and cooperation are necessary to minimize impacts of the changes associated with the coming transition. There is an urgent need for a new economic framework to guide society through the transition as mainstream neoclassical economics is not based on natural sciences and does not adequately consider either the importance of energy or the work of nature.
A retrospective examination of care pathways in individuals with treatment-resistant depression
- Elana Day, Rupal Shah, Rachael W. Taylor, Lindsey Marwood, Kimberley Nortey, Jade Harvey, R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, John R. Geddes, Alvaro Barrera, Allan H. Young, Anthony J. Cleare, Rebecca Strawbridge
-
- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 7 / Issue 3 / May 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 May 2021, e101
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Background
Individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) experience a high burden of illness. Current guidelines recommend a stepped care approach for treating depression, but the extent to which best-practice care pathways are adhered to is unclear.
AimsTo explore the extent and nature of ‘treatment gaps’ (non-adherence to stepped care pathways) experienced by a sample of patients with established TRD (non-response to two or more adequate treatments in the current depressive episode) across three cities in the UK.
MethodFive treatment gaps were considered and compared with guidelines, in a cross-sectional retrospective analysis: delay to receiving treatment, lack of access to psychological therapies, delays to medication changes, delays to adjunctive (pharmacological augmentation) treatment and lack of access to secondary care. We additionally explored participant characteristics associated with the extent of treatment gaps experienced.
ResultsOf 178 patients with TRD, 47% had been in the current depressive episode for >1 year before initiating antidepressants; 53% had received adequate psychological therapy. A total of 47 and 51% had remained on an unsuccessful first and second antidepressant trial respectively for >16 weeks, and 24 and 27% for >1 year before medication switch, respectively. Further, 54% had tried three or more antidepressant medications within their episode, and only 11% had received adjunctive treatment.
ConclusionsThere appears to be a considerable difference between treatment guidelines for depression and the reality of care received by people with TRD. Future research examining representative samples of patients could determine recommendations for optimising care pathways, and ultimately outcomes, for individuals with this illness.
An ultra-wide bandwidth (704 to 4 032 MHz) receiver for the Parkes radio telescope
- George Hobbs, Richard N. Manchester, Alex Dunning, Andrew Jameson, Paul Roberts, Daniel George, J. A. Green, John Tuthill, Lawrence Toomey, Jane F. Kaczmarek, Stacy Mader, Malte Marquarding, Azeem Ahmed, Shaun W. Amy, Matthew Bailes, Ron Beresford, N. D. R. Bhat, Douglas C.-J. Bock, Michael Bourne, Mark Bowen, Michael Brothers, Andrew D. Cameron, Ettore Carretti, Nick Carter, Santy Castillo, Raji Chekkala, Wan Cheng, Yoon Chung, Daniel A. Craig, Shi Dai, Joanne Dawson, James Dempsey, Paul Doherty, Bin Dong, Philip Edwards, Tuohutinuer Ergesh, Xuyang Gao, JinLin Han, Douglas Hayman, Balthasar Indermuehle, Kanapathippillai Jeganathan, Simon Johnston, Henry Kanoniuk, Michael Kesteven, Michael Kramer, Mark Leach, Vince Mcintyre, Vanessa Moss, Stefan Osłowski, Chris Phillips, Nathan Pope, Brett Preisig, Daniel Price, Ken Reeves, Les Reilly, John Reynolds, Tim Robishaw, Peter Roush, Tim Ruckley, Elaine Sadler, John Sarkissian, Sean Severs, Ryan Shannon, Ken Smart, Malcolm Smith, Stephanie Smith, Charlotte Sobey, Lister Staveley-Smith, Anastasios Tzioumis, Willem van Straten, Nina Wang, Linqing Wen, Matthew Whiting
-
- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 37 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 April 2020, e012
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
We describe an ultra-wide-bandwidth, low-frequency receiver recently installed on the Parkes radio telescope. The receiver system provides continuous frequency coverage from 704 to 4032 MHz. For much of the band ( ${\sim}60\%$ ), the system temperature is approximately 22 K and the receiver system remains in a linear regime even in the presence of strong mobile phone transmissions. We discuss the scientific and technical aspects of the new receiver, including its astronomical objectives, as well as the feed, receiver, digitiser, and signal processor design. We describe the pipeline routines that form the archive-ready data products and how those data files can be accessed from the archives. The system performance is quantified, including the system noise and linearity, beam shape, antenna efficiency, polarisation calibration, and timing stability.
2160 Does maternal schistosomiasis affect the humoral and cellular vaccine responses of infants?
- Deborah Bloch, Taryn McLaughlin, Cheryl Day, W. Evan Secor, Govert van Dam, Paul Corstjens, Heather B. Jaspan, Grace John-Stewart, Saad B. Omer, Lisa Cranmer
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 2 / Issue S1 / June 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 November 2018, p. 10
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The aims of this study are 2-fold: (1) to determine if maternal schistosomiasis affects maternal immunity to tetanus and/or transplacental transfer of antitetanus toxoid (TT) immunoglobulin G (IgG) from mother to infant and (2) determine the influence of maternal schistosomiasis on infant BCG vaccine immunogenicity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study will utilize blood samples from a historic cohort of 100 mother-infant pairs from Kisumu, Kenya, a schistosomiasis-endemic area. For the first aim, we will evaluate maternal schistosomal circulating anodic antigen, which has improved sensitivity and specificity to detect active schistosomiasis from serum, and antisoluble egg antigen IgG positivity compared with quantitative maternal anti-TT IgG at delivery and anti-TT IgG cord blood to maternal blood ratio (cord:maternal ratio). For the second aim, we will evaluate association between maternal schistosomiasis as detected by circulating anodic antigen and antisoluble egg antigen IgG at delivery and infant BCG-specific Th1-cytokine positive CD4+ cells at 10 weeks following BCG vaccination at birth. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We hypothesize that active maternal schistosomiasis will be associated with decreased maternal anti-TT IgG and reduced efficiency of transplacental transfer, as measured by infant cord blood to maternal blood ratio of anti-TT IgG. We also expect that maternal schistosomiasis will be associated with decreased infant immunogenicity to BCG vaccine. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This is a formative study on infant vaccine immunity using laboratory methodology not previously applied. Understanding infant immunity in the setting of maternal schistosomiasis will inform vaccination strategies and tailor vaccine development in schistosome-endemic areas such as Kenya, where neither TB nor neonatal tetanus have been eradicated. Additionally, our results will inform public health policies to consider integration of antischistosomal agents in antenatal care.
Contributors
-
- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Contributors
- Edited by Romin W. Tafarodi, University of Toronto
-
- Book:
- Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century
- Published online:
- 05 October 2013
- Print publication:
- 23 September 2013, pp ix-x
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt with an additional source of pulmonary flow: an interim or final stage of palliation
- Ronald W. Day, Charles M. Baker, John R. Caton, John A. Hawkins, Edwin C. McGough
-
- Journal:
- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 7 / Issue 1 / January 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 August 2008, pp. 63-70
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
A bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt is performed in patients with single ventricle physiology to improve or maintain systemic oxygenation while decreasing the workload of the heart. During a period of 10 years, bidirectional cavopulmonary shunts were performed in 50 patients at our institution. The procedure was performed with an additional source of pulmonary flow through the pulmonary valve or a systemic to pulmonary shunt in 27 patients and without an additional source of pulmonary flow in 23 patients. Preoperative and postoperative chest radiographs, pulmonary angiograms, oxygenation, hemodynamic measurements, morbidity, and mortality were reviewed to determine whether a bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt with an additional source of pulmonary flow is an acceptable interim or final stage of palliation. Systemic oxygenation was improved only in patients with an additional source of pulmonary flow. The outcome of the bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt was not adversely affected by the presence of additional pulmonary flow. Twenty-five patients subsequently underwent an atrial to pulmonary or total cavopulmonary anastomosis. Oxygenation was improved by more definitive palliation; however, late complications of stroke, protein losing enteropathy, and arrhythmias requiring pacemaker therapy were more prevalent. In conclusion, systemic oxygenation can be improved by performing the bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt with an additional source of pulmonary flow through the pulmonary valve or a systemic to pulmonary shunt without an adverse effect on hemodynamic measurements, pulmonary arterial growth, morbidity, or survival. The bidirectional avopulmonary shunt may be an acceptable final stage of palliation in some patients with a functionally single ventricle.
List of Contributors
-
- By Ralph Adolphs, Bernard J. Baars, John A. Bargh, Jesse M. Bering, David F. Bjorklund, Joseph E. Bogen, Rebekah Bradley, Wallace Chafe, Michael C. Corballis, Diego Cosmelli, Jean-Marie Danion, Richard J. Davidson, Steven W. Day, Georges Dreyfus, John D. Dunne, Stan Franklin, Helena Hong Gao, Lisa Geraci, Deborah E. Hannula, J. Allan Hobson, Caroline Huron, John F. Kihlstrom, Asher Koriat, Uriah Kriegel, Jean-Philippe Lachaux, Charles D. Laughlin, Antoine Lutz, Drew McDermott, Katharine McGovern, Keith Oately, Suparna Rajaram, Henry L. Roediger III, Edmund T. Rolls, Daniel L. Schachter, William Seager, Daniel J. Simons, Scott D. Slotnick, Henry Stapp, Petra Stoerig, Ron Sun, Evan Thompson, C. Jason Throop, Rebecca Todd, Carlo Umiltà, David E. Warren, Joel Weinberger, Drew Westen, Dan Zahavi, Philip David Zelazo
- Edited by Philip David Zelazo, University of Toronto, Morris Moscovitch, University of Toronto, Evan Thompson, University of York
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
- Print publication:
- 14 May 2007, pp -
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
30 - Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5
- from PART VIII - DOMINANTLY INHERITED PROGRESSIVE ATAXIAS
-
- By Christina L. Liquori, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Lawrence J. Schut, Department of Neurology, CentraCare Clinic, St Cloud, Minnesota, USA, H. Brent Clark, Department of Laboratory Medicine/Pathology, John W. Day, Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Minnesota, USA, Laura P.W. Ranum, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development
- Edited by Mario-Ubaldo Manto, University of Brussels, Massimo Pandolfo, Université de Montréal
-
- Book:
- The Cerebellum and its Disorders
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2001, pp 445-450
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Introduction
A ten-generation family with a clinically mild autosomal dominant form of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) was identified in 1992 (Ranum et al., 1994). This Caucasian kindred has two major branches that both trace their ancestries to the paternal grandparents of President Lincoln (Fig. 30.1). Abbreviated versions of the two branches of the family are shown in Fig. 30.2. DNA has been obtained from 215 members (60 affected) of this kindred. After excluding linkage to the known ataxia loci, a genome wide screen mapped the disease locus, spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5), to chromosome 11q13 (Ranum et al., 1994). Although disease onset is typically in the third or fourth decade, it can range from 10 to 68 years. Signs and symptoms progress over several decades, beginning with a mild disturbance of gait, incoordination of upper extremities, and slurred speech.
SCA5 primarily affects the cerebellum and is clinically more benign (Ranum et al., 1994) than other SCAs (Gouw et al., 1994; Yagishita and Iouue, 1997). In general, the adult-onset cases appear similar to patients with SCA6 (Zhuchenko et al., 1997) and to previously described families with relatively ‘pure’ forms of cerebellar ataxia (Holmes, 1907; Harding, 1983). Whereas adult-onset SCA5 is disabling, the most striking clinical distinctions from SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA4, and SCA7 are that SCA5 progresses more slowly and generally does not shorten life (Ranum et al., 1994). This clinical difference is probably due to the lack of bulbar paralysis in all of the adult-onset SCA5 patients examined. Bulbar paralysis in other forms of dominant ataxia often leads to a weakened ability to combat recurrent pneumonia (Zoghbi, 1991).
33 - Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8
- from PART VIII - DOMINANTLY INHERITED PROGRESSIVE ATAXIAS
-
- By Melinda L. Moseley, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Institute of Human Genetics, University of innesota, Minneapolis, USA, Lawrence J. Schut, Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Genetics, John W. Day, Department of Neurology, CentraCare Clinic, St Cloud, Minnesota, USA, Laura P.W. Ranum, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Institute of Human Genetics, University of innesota, Minneapolis, USA
- Edited by Mario-Ubaldo Manto, University of Brussels, Massimo Pandolfo, Université de Montréal
-
- Book:
- The Cerebellum and its Disorders
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2001, pp 469-480
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Introduction
It was recently demonstrated that an untranslated CTG expansion causes a novel form of ataxia – spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8: Koob et al., 1999a). In addition to being the first example of a dominant SCA that is not caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat translated into a polyglutamine tract, the mutation underlying SCA8 shows marked intergenerational changes that are probably responsible for dramatically variable disease penetrance. The RAPID cloning method used to isolate the SCA8 CTG expansion and the clinical and genetic features of the disease are discussed below.
RAPID cloning
As part of a broader goal to understand better the various genetic causes of ataxia and to develop a resource to clone novel ataxia genes, an ataxia DNA collection has been established that now represents over 380 different ataxia kindreds with dominant, recessive, and sporadic forms of adult-onset ataxia (Moseley et al., 1998). Table 33.1 summarizes the inheritance patterns of the various families represented in the collection. Although direct gene tests are now available for eight of the ataxia loci, a large portion of the dominant ataxia families in our collection (∼35%) do not harbor expansions at the known loci, and thus remain genetically undefined.
To determine whether or not CAG repeat expansions are the pathogenic mechanism involved for some of these genetically undefined forms of ataxia, the repeat expansion detection (RED) assay was performed on affected family representatives. The RED assay, developed by Schalling et al. (1993), is an elegant technique that allows for the detection of potentially pathogenic trinucleotide repeat expansions without prior knowledge of chromosomal location.
Effect of localised antibiotic infusions applied to the teat-canal and teat sinus at drying-off on mastitis in the dry-period and at calving
- MURRAY W. WOOLFORD, JOHN H. WILLIAMSON, TONY M. DAY, S. JANE LACY-HULBERT, HAROLD V. HENDERSON
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 68 / Issue 4 / November 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2002, pp. 551-558
- Print publication:
- November 2001
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
An experiment using three New Zealand herds and a total of 632 cows, examined the effect of localised prophylactic treatments with antibiotic at drying-off on the incidence of new intramammary infection during the dry period and at calving. Antibiotic was infused either into the teat canal (0·22 g of dry-cow formulation) or the teat sinus (3·1 g of lactating-cow formulation) of uninfected quarters to eliminate any bacteria present in these locations at the last milking of lactation. These treatments were compared with a negative control (nil treatment) and a positive antibiotic control (infusion of 3·6 g of dry-cow formulation). All antibiotic formulations used the same active ingredient, sodium cloxacillin. No significant reduction in new dry period clinical mastitis was observed for the two localised treatments whereas the positive control treatment achieved 100% reduction in new clinical mastitis compared with untreated control quarters. A 41% reduction (P<0·05) in new Streptococcus uberis infections at calving was associated with the teat canal antibiotic treatment, compared with an 82% reduction (P<0·001) for the positive antibiotic control. Both localised treatments showed a reduced incidence of new intramammary infection (P<0·001) when pooled across periods and pathogens. Teats receiving either the teat canal antibiotic treatment or a full infusion of long acting dry-cow antibiotic had a lower incidence of open teat canals (P<0·05) at 3 weeks after drying-off.
General (and Miscellaneous) Section
- Paul A. Brown, John G. Allee, Jr., G. L. Anderson, Seymour B. Chatman, Martin S. Day, Lawrence V. Ryan, Herbert W. Starr
-
- Journal:
- PMLA / Publications of the Modern Language Association of America / Volume 74 / Issue 2 / May 1959
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 December 2020, pp. 84-112
- Print publication:
- May 1959
-
- Article
- Export citation
General (and Miscellaneous) Section
- Paul A. Brown, John G. Allee, Jr., G. L. Anderson, Seymour B. Chatman, Martin S. Day, Lawrence V. Ryan, Herbert W. Starr
-
- Journal:
- PMLA / Publications of the Modern Language Association of America / Volume 73 / Issue 2 / April 1958
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 December 2020, pp. 115-142
- Print publication:
- April 1958
-
- Article
- Export citation