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48 results

Page 1 of 3

  • Working memory structure in young Spanish–English bilingual children

  • Mary Alt, DeAnne R. Hunter, Roy Levy, Sarah Lynn Neiling, Kimberly Leon, Genesis D. Arizmendi, Nelson Cowan, Shelley Gray
  • Journal:
    Bilingualism: Language and Cognition / Volume 28 / Issue 2 / March 2025
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 December 2024, pp. 469-483
    • Article
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  • Working memory encompasses the limited incoming information that can be held in mind for cognitive processing. To date, we have little information on the effects of bilingualism on working memory because, absent evidence, working memory tasks cannot be assumed to measure the same constructs across language groups. To garner evidence regarding the measurement equivalence in Spanish and English, we examined second-grade children with typical development, including 80 bilingual Spanish–English speakers and 167 monolingual English speakers in the United States, using a test battery for which structural equation models have been tested – the Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM). Results established measurement invariance across groups up to the level of scalar invariance.

  • Pregnant Women and Opioid Use Disorder: Examining the Legal Landscape for Controlling Women’s Reproductive Health

  • Lynn M. Madden, Jenn Oliva, Anthony Eller, Elizabeth DiDomizio, Mat Roosa, Lisa Blanchard, Natalie Kil, Frederick L. Altice, Kimberly Johnson
  • Journal:
    American Journal of Law & Medicine / Volume 48 / Issue 2-3 / July 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    30 January 2023, pp. 209-222
    Print publication:
    July 2022

  • Women with opioid use disorder (“OUD”) are more likely than other women to experience sexual assault, unintentional pregnancy, transactional sex and coercion regarding reproductive health care choices than women without OUD. Laws described as family friendly may be punitive rather than helpful to women and rarely apply to men. Laws regarding reproductive health and OUD are unevenly enforced and therefore biased against poor, minority women. As part of a larger study oriented toward strengthening systems of care related to the intersection of HIV and OUD, we conducted an analysis of state laws related to pregnant and postpartum women with OUD. Data on disparities in child removals and pregnant women’s use of evidence-based treatment for OUD by income and race were captured for the five states with the most restrictive laws in both categories. Laws that were purportedly designed to improve reproductive health outcomes for women with OUD and/or their children often have the opposite of the expressed intended outcome. There is a relationship between restrictive reproductive choice and coercive OUD treatment policy for women. Restrictive state regulations for pregnant women with OUD persist despite negative outcomes for maternal and child health. Altering coercive and/or criminalizing regulation and redefining ‘family friendly’ may improve outcomes for individuals and families.

  • Symptom monitoring after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in a large integrated healthcare system: Separating symptoms from severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection

  • Erica S. Shenoy, Paige G. Wickner, Lauren R. West, Aleena Banerji, Kimberly G. Blumenthal, Amanda J. Centi, Andrew Gottlieb, Dean M. Hashimoto, Esther Kim, Marvel Kim, Hang Lee, Lynn A. Simpson, Adam B. Landman
  • Journal:
    Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 43 / Issue 10 / October 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 November 2021, pp. 1439-1446
    Print publication:
    October 2022
  • Objective:

    To describe the incidence of systemic overlap and typical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms in healthcare personnel (HCP) following COVID-19 vaccination and association of reported symptoms with diagnosis of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the context of public health recommendations regarding work exclusion.

    Design:

    This prospective cohort study was conducted between December 16, 2020, and March 14, 2021, with HCP who had received at least 1 dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.

    Setting:

    Large healthcare system in New England.

    Interventions:

    HCP were prompted to complete a symptom survey for 3 days after each vaccination. Reported symptoms generated automated guidance regarding symptom management, SARS-CoV-2 testing requirements, and work restrictions. Overlap symptoms (ie, fever, fatigue, myalgias, arthralgias, or headache) were categorized as either lower or higher severity. Typical COVID-19 symptoms included sore throat, cough, nasal congestion or rhinorrhea, shortness of breath, ageusia and anosmia.

    Results:

    Among 64,187 HCP, a postvaccination electronic survey had response rates of 83% after dose 1 and 77% after dose 2. Report of ≥3 lower-severity overlap symptoms, ≥1 higher-severity overlap symptoms, or at least 1 typical COVID-19 symptom after dose 1 was associated with increased likelihood of testing positive. HCP with prior COVID-19 infection were significantly more likely to report severe overlap symptoms after dose 1.

    Conclusions:

    Reported overlap symptoms were common; however, only report of ≥3 low-severity overlap symptoms, at least 1 higher-severity overlap symptom, or any typical COVID-19 symptom were associated with infection. Work-related restrictions for overlap symptoms should be reconsidered.

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