3 results
Positive and negative parenting in conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous–unemotional traits
- Ruth Pauli, Peter Tino, Jack C. Rogers, Rosalind Baker, Roberta Clanton, Philippa Birch, Abigail Brown, Gemma Daniel, Lisandra Ferreira, Liam Grisley, Gregor Kohls, Sarah Baumann, Anka Bernhard, Anne Martinelli, Katharina Ackermann, Helen Lazaratou, Foteini Tsiakoulia, Panagiota Bali, Helena Oldenhof, Lucres Jansen, Areti Smaragdi, Karen Gonzalez-Madruga, Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Torres, Maider Gonzalez de Artaza-Lavesa, Martin Steppan, Noortje Vriends, Aitana Bigorra, Reka Siklosi, Sreejita Ghosh, Kerstin Bunte, Roberta Dochnal, Amaia Hervas, Christina Stadler, Aranzazu Fernandez-Rivas, Graeme Fairchild, Arne Popma, Dimitris Dikeos, Kerstin Konrad, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Christine M. Freitag, Pia Rotshtein, Stephane A. De Brito
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- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology / Volume 33 / Issue 3 / August 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 June 2020, pp. 980-991
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Less is known about the relationship between conduct disorder (CD), callous–unemotional (CU) traits, and positive and negative parenting in youth compared to early childhood. We combined traditional univariate analyses with a novel machine learning classifier (Angle-based Generalized Matrix Learning Vector Quantization) to classify youth (N = 756; 9–18 years) into typically developing (TD) or CD groups with or without elevated CU traits (CD/HCU, CD/LCU, respectively) using youth- and parent-reports of parenting behavior. At the group level, both CD/HCU and CD/LCU were associated with high negative and low positive parenting relative to TD. However, only positive parenting differed between the CD/HCU and CD/LCU groups. In classification analyses, performance was best when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD groups and poorest when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. Positive and negative parenting were both relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD, negative parenting was most relevant when distinguishing between CD/LCU and TD, and positive parenting was most relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. These findings suggest that while positive parenting distinguishes between CD/HCU and CD/LCU, negative parenting is associated with both CD subtypes. These results highlight the importance of considering multiple parenting behaviors in CD with varying levels of CU traits in late childhood/adolescence.
Meurigite, a new fibrous iron phosphate resembling kidwellite
- William D. Birch, Allan Pring, Peter G. Self, Ronald B. Gibbs, Erich Keck, Martin C. Jensen, Eugene E. Foord
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- Journal:
- Mineralogical Magazine / Volume 60 / Issue 402 / October 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 July 2018, pp. 787-793
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Meurigite is a new hydrated potassium iron phosphate related to kidwellite and with structural similarities to other late-stage fibrous ferric phosphate species. It has been found at four localities so far — the Santa Rita mine, New Mexico, U.S.A.; the Hagendorf-Sud pegmatite in Bavaria, Germany; granite pegmatite veins at Wycheproof, Victoria, Australia; and at the Gold Quarry Mine, Nevada, U.S.A. The Santa Rita mine is the designated type locality. Meurigite occurs as tabular, elongated crystals forming spherical and hemispherical clusters and drusy coatings. The colour ranges from creamy white to pale yellow and yellowish brown. At the type locality, the hemispheres may reach 2 mm across, but the maximum diameter reached in the other occurrences is usually less than 0.5 mm. A wide variety of secondary phosphate minerals accompanies meurigite at each locality, with dufrenite, cyrilovite, beraunite, rockbridgeite and leucophosphite amongst the most common. Vanadates and uranates occur with meurigite at the Gold Quarry mine.
Electron microprobe analysis and separate determination of H2O and CO2 on meurigite from the type locality gave a composition for which several empirical formulae could be calculated. The preferred formula, obtained on the basis of 35 oxygen atoms, is which simplies Qualitative analyses only were obtained for meurigite from the other localities, due to the softness and openness of the aggregates. Because of the fibrous nature of meurigite, it was not possible to determine the crystal structure, hence the exact stoichiometry remains uncertain. The lustre of meurigite varies from vitreous to waxy for the Santa Rita mine mineral, to silky for the more open sprays and internal surfaces elsewhere. The streak is very pale yellow to cream and the estimated Mohs hardness is about 3. Cleavage is perfect on {001} and fragments from the type material have a mean specific gravity of 2.96.
The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern for the type material are (dobs,Iobs,hkl) 3.216(100)404; 4.84(90)111; 3.116(80)205; 4.32(70)112; 9.41(60)201; 3.470(60)800. The X-ray data were indexed on the basis of a monoclinic unit cell determined from electron diffraction patterns. The cell parameters, refined by least squares methods, are a = 29.52(4), b = 5.249(6), c = 18.26(1) Å, β = 109.27(7)°, V = 2672(3) Å3, and Z = 4. The calculated density is 2.89 gcm−3. The space group is either C2, Cm or C2/m. X-ray powder data for meurigite are closely similar to those for kidwellite and phosphofibrite, but meurigite appears to be characterised by a strong 14 Å reflection. The relationship between these three minerals remains uncertain in the absence of structural data. On the available evidence, meurigite and kidwellite are not the respective K and Na-endmembers of a solid solution series. The meurigite cell parameters suggest it belongs to a structural family of fibrous ferric phosphates, such as rockbridgeite, dufrenite and beraunite, which have a discrete 5 Å fibre axis. Meurigite occurs in widely varying environments, its formation probably favoured by late-stage solutions rich in K rather than Na.
PHEROMONES OF IPS PINI (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): VARIATION IN RESPONSE AMONG THREE POPULATIONS1
- Gerald N. Lanier, Martin C. Birch, Richard F. Schmitz, Malcolm M. Furniss
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- Journal:
- The Canadian Entomologist / Volume 104 / Issue 12 / December 1972
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 May 2012, pp. 1917-1923
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Reciprocal field tests of attraction between populations of Ips pini (Say) from California, Idaho, and New York disclosed geographic variation in pheromone systems. These differences reside both in pheromone production and reception. However, it is unknown whether variation in the pheromone bouquets is qualitative, quantitative, or both.
In New York, both sexes responded in higher numbers to their own pheromone than that produced by California or Idaho males. In California, beetles of both sexes discriminated against New York, but in Idaho only females made this distinction. In both California and Idaho, the local population showed a slight preference for the pheromone produced by Idaho males over that produced by California males.
The predator Enoclerus lecontei (Wolc.) demonstrated a four-fold preference for attractants produced by males from New York over those produced by beetles from California and Idaho. The parasitoid Tomicobia tibialis Ashmead showed the opposite trend.
There is no evidence that geographic variation in the pheromones produced by I. pini is sufficient to enforce breeding isolation between adjacent populations. However, these results dramatize the necessity of considering pheromonal variability in programs applying pheromones for the survey and control of widely distributed pests.